Battery Integration and Operation in Electro-Mobile Applications

A special issue of Batteries (ISSN 2313-0105).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2018) | Viewed by 44553

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Interests: application of power electronics, electric machines, fuel cells, batteries, ultracapacitors, etc. in electric and hybrid electric vehicles; battery state-estimation, management (electric and thermal), and modelling (electric, thermal, and lifetime) of battery cells and packs
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

During recent years, a slow but steady trend towards the electrification of the transportation sector has begun. Hybrid and electric vehicles have been commercially available for some years and projects of electric buses, trucks, ferries, etc., are also seen. Therefore, batteries have become more and more important in the transportation of people and goods. For the same reason, in order to reduce costs and to increase the safety and reliability, proper integration and operation of batteries in electro-mobile applications also become more and more important. Especially, when the battery capacity increases, as seen in recent electric vehicles.

This Special Issue of Batteries focuses on several aspects regarding battery integration and operation in electro-mobile applications. Topics of interests include, but are not limited to:

  • Pack design, failure mitigation and thermal management of batteries
  • Battery-management-systems (BMSs), e.g., dissipative and non-dissipative balancing topologies and strategies, centralized or distributed configurations, etc.
  • On and offline diagnostic, prognostic and condition monitoring methods on batteries
  • Power electronic converters for batteries, e.g., chargers, step-up converters, equalizers and motors controllers, including novel concepts such as integrating battery cells in multilevel converters
  • Energy management strategies in hybrid electric applications
  • Fast charging topologies, concepts and influence on battery performance
  • Battery lifetime investigation based on specific mission profiles and strategies
  • Experiences on emerging batteries, e.g., Li-S and Mg-ion batteries

Electro-mobile applications include hybrid and electric vehicles, buses, trucks, trains, ferries, airplanes, electric bikes, drones and other mobility solutions.

Assoc. Prof. Erik Schaltz
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Batteries is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Thermal management
  • Battery-management-systems
  • Power electronic converters
  • Fast charging
  • Diagnostic
  • Lifetime investigation
  • Energy management strategies
  • Electro-mobility

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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25 pages, 2795 KiB  
Article
Application of Robust Design Methodology to Battery Packs for Electric Vehicles: Identification of Critical Technical Requirements for Modular Architecture
by Shashank Arora, Ajay Kapoor and Weixiang Shen
Batteries 2018, 4(3), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries4030030 - 2 Jul 2018
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 20555
Abstract
Modularity-in-design of battery packs for electric vehicles (EVs) is crucial to offset their high manufacturing cost. However, inconsistencies in performance of EV battery packs can be introduced by various sources. Sources of variation affect their robustness. In this paper, parameter diagram, a value-based [...] Read more.
Modularity-in-design of battery packs for electric vehicles (EVs) is crucial to offset their high manufacturing cost. However, inconsistencies in performance of EV battery packs can be introduced by various sources. Sources of variation affect their robustness. In this paper, parameter diagram, a value-based conceptual analysis approach, is applied to analyze these variations. Their interaction with customer requirements, i.e., ideal system output, are examined and critical engineering features for designing modular battery packs for EV applications are determined. Consequently, sources of variability, which have a detrimental effect on mass-producibility of EV battery packs, are identified and differentiated from the set of control factors. Theoretically, appropriate control level settings can minimize sensitivity of EV battery packs to the sources of variability. In view of this, strength of the relationship between ideal system response and various control factors is studied using a “house of quality” diagram. It is found that battery thermal management system and packaging architecture are the two most influential parameters having the largest effect on reliability of EV battery packs. More importantly, it is noted that heat transfer between adjacent battery modules cannot be eliminated. For successful implementation of modular architecture, it is, therefore, essential that mechanical modularity must be enabled via thermal modularity of EV battery packs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Battery Integration and Operation in Electro-Mobile Applications)
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39 pages, 16811 KiB  
Article
Real-Time Implementation of an Extended Kalman Filter and a PI Observer for State Estimation of Rechargeable Li-Ion Batteries in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Applications—A Case Study
by Roxana-Elena Tudoroiu, Mohammed Zaheeruddin, Sorin-Mihai Radu and Nicolae Tudoroiu
Batteries 2018, 4(2), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries4020019 - 10 Apr 2018
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 10936
Abstract
The Li-Ion battery state-of-charge estimation is an essential task in a continuous dynamic automotive industry for large-scale and successful marketing of hybrid electric vehicles. Also, the state-of-charge of any rechargeable battery, regardless of its chemistry, is an essential condition parameter for battery management [...] Read more.
The Li-Ion battery state-of-charge estimation is an essential task in a continuous dynamic automotive industry for large-scale and successful marketing of hybrid electric vehicles. Also, the state-of-charge of any rechargeable battery, regardless of its chemistry, is an essential condition parameter for battery management systems of hybrid electric vehicles. In this study, we share from our accumulated experience in the control system applications field some preliminary results, especially in modeling, control and state estimation techniques. We investigate the design and effectiveness of two state-of-charge estimators, namely an extended Kalman filter and a proportional integral observer, implemented in a real-time MATLAB environment for a particular Li-Ion battery. Definitely, the aim of this work is to find the most suitable estimator in terms of estimation accuracy and robustness to changes in initial conditions (i.e., the initial guess value of battery state-of-charge) and changes in process and measurement noise levels. By a rigorous performance analysis of MATLAB simulation results, the potential estimator choice is revealed. The performance comparison can be done visually on similar graphs if the information gathered provides a good insight, otherwise, it can be done statistically based on the calculus of statistic errors, in terms of root mean square error, mean absolute error and mean square error. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Battery Integration and Operation in Electro-Mobile Applications)
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Review

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16 pages, 14428 KiB  
Review
Review of Parameter Determination for Thermal Modeling of Lithium Ion Batteries
by Seyed Saeed Madani, Erik Schaltz and Søren Knudsen Kær
Batteries 2018, 4(2), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries4020020 - 20 Apr 2018
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 12246
Abstract
This paper reviews different methods for determination of thermal parameters of lithium ion batteries. Lithium ion batteries are extensively employed for various applications owing to their low memory effect, high specific energy, and power density. One of the problems in the expansion of [...] Read more.
This paper reviews different methods for determination of thermal parameters of lithium ion batteries. Lithium ion batteries are extensively employed for various applications owing to their low memory effect, high specific energy, and power density. One of the problems in the expansion of hybrid and electric vehicle technology is the management and control of operation temperatures and heat generation. Successful battery thermal management designs can lead to better reliability and performance of hybrid and electric vehicles. Thermal cycling and temperature gradients could have a considerable impact on the lifetime of lithium ion battery cells. Thermal management is critical in electric vehicles (EVs) and good thermal battery models are necessary to design proper heating and cooling systems. Consequently, it is necessary to determine thermal parameters of a single cell, such as internal resistance, specific heat capacity, entropic heat coefficient, and thermal conductivity in order to design suitable thermal management system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Battery Integration and Operation in Electro-Mobile Applications)
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