Hybrid Vehicle Technologies for a Sustainable Future Mobility

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2019) | Viewed by 9504

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
CMT—Motores Térmicos, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
Interests: internal combustion engines; new combustion modes; emissions; fuels; the injection process
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CMT - Motores Térmicos, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
Interests: dual-fuel; combustion; hybrid vehicles; life cycle analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The vehicle fleet around the world has increased exponentially over the last decades because it allows to cover basic necessities, such as mobility of people and goods transportation. As a result, the global warming problem has been accelerated during recent years. To counteract this situation, the governments are establishing more restrictive emissions regulations, imposing drastic reductions in the CO2 levels allowed to be emitted from the vehicles fleet of different manufacturers. In this sense, CO2 emissions are expected to be limited at 95 g/km by 2021 and at 60 g/km by 2030. To reach these limits, the optimization of conventional vehicles using internal combustion engines (ICEs) is not sufficient, but the combination of electric machines with conventional powertrains can diversify the powertrain architectures and bring the opportunity to save energy in greater extents. Thus, the development of novel powertrain solutions with different electrification degrees is required to obtain environmentally friendlier vehicles that ensure a sustainable future mobility.

This Special Issue encourages both academic and industrial researchers working in this field to share their latest findings and developments on hybrid vehicles. The topics of interest include (but are not limited to):

  • Experimental studies on hybrid platforms;
  • Development of control strategies to optimize the energy management;
  • Simulation studies about performance and emissions in driving cycles;
  • New hardware development for hybrid vehicles;
  • Life cycle analysis studies of hybrid vehicles.

Dr. Antonio Garcia
Dr. Javier Monsalve-Serrano
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Transport sector
  • Electrification
  • Global warming
  • Powertrain systems
  • CO2 emissions reduction
  • Life cycle analysis

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 7071 KiB  
Article
Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Multiple Converter Configuration
by Josefa Morales-Morales, Miguel A. Rivera-Cruz, Pedro Cruz-Alcantar, Horacio Bautista Santos, Ilse Cervantes-Camacho and Vladimir A. Reyes Herrera
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(3), 1074; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10031074 - 05 Feb 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2175
Abstract
The use of electric vehicles and their various configurations is seen as a major alternative in efforts towards reducing pollutant emissions from motor vehicles that continue to use fossil fuels. Electric transport technology presents more efficient means of energy conversion in vehicles: electric [...] Read more.
The use of electric vehicles and their various configurations is seen as a major alternative in efforts towards reducing pollutant emissions from motor vehicles that continue to use fossil fuels. Electric transport technology presents more efficient means of energy conversion in vehicles: electric (EV), hybrid (VH), and hybrid electric (HEV) vehicles. For example, the energy storage system in the latter can be made up of ultracapacitors (UCs), batteries (Bs), and fuel cells. This work focuses on HEVs powered by batteries and ultracapacitors. In particular, the multiple converter configuration (C-CM) for the HEV powertrain system is analyzed using electric models of the vehicle powertrain components. To analyze the multiple converter configuration, parameters of a vehicle taken from the literature and the electrical model of the configuration were developed. With the above, the proposed configuration was evaluated before driving cycles (CITY II and ECE) and the configuration performance was compared with respect to other configurations. In the C-CM model, limitations in the choice of the number of Bs and UCs were observed in the powertrain depending on the maximum power of both energy sources and vehicle load demand. The results show that more energy is extracted from the batteries in the ECE cycle than in the CITY taking into account that the batteries are used as the main power source. C-CM results compared to other configurations show that energy extracted from batteries in the CITY is the same across all configurations. While energy consumption is lower in the ECE, C-CM results were not very significant compared to other configurations. However, the C-MC has the advantage of having better power flow control due to having two converters, thus improving HEV safety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid Vehicle Technologies for a Sustainable Future Mobility)
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21 pages, 5724 KiB  
Article
Multi-Objective Optimization for Plug-In 4WD Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain
by Zhengwu Wang, Yang Cai, Yuping Zeng and Jie Yu
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(19), 4068; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9194068 - 29 Sep 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3479
Abstract
This paper focuses on the parameter optimization for the CVT (a continuously variable transmission) based plug-in 4WD (4-wheel drive) hybrid electric vehicle powertrain. First, the plug-in 4WD hybrid electric vehicle (plug-in 4WD HEV)’s energy management strategy based on the CD (charge depleting) and [...] Read more.
This paper focuses on the parameter optimization for the CVT (a continuously variable transmission) based plug-in 4WD (4-wheel drive) hybrid electric vehicle powertrain. First, the plug-in 4WD hybrid electric vehicle (plug-in 4WD HEV)’s energy management strategy based on the CD (charge depleting) and CS (charge sustain) mode is developed. Then, the multi-objective optimization’s mathematical model, which aims at minimizing the electric energy consumption under the CD stage, the fuel consumption under the CS stage and the acceleration time from 0–120 km/h, is established. Finally, the multi-objective parameter optimization problem is solved using an evolutionary based non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms-II (NSGA-II) approach. Some of the results are compared with the original scheme and the classical weight approach. Compared with the original scheme, the best compromise solution (i.e., electric energy consumption, fuel consumption and acceleration time) obtained using the NSGA-II approach are reduced by 1.21%, 6.18% and 5.49%, respectively. Compared with the weight approach, the Pareto optimal solutions obtained using NSGA-II approach are better distributed over the entire Pareto optimal front, as well as the best compromise solution is also better. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid Vehicle Technologies for a Sustainable Future Mobility)
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15 pages, 2284 KiB  
Article
Optimal Charging of Plug-In Electric Vehicle: Considering Travel Behavior Uncertainties and Battery Degradation
by Hanif Tayarani, Hamidreza Jahangir, Razieh Nadafianshahamabadi, Masoud Aliakbar Golkar, Ali Ahmadian and Ali Elkamel
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(16), 3420; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9163420 - 19 Aug 2019
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3410
Abstract
The negative environmental impacts of using fossil fuel-powered vehicles underlined the need for inventing an alternative eco-friendly transportation fleet. Plug-in electrical vehicles (PEVs) are introduced to cut the continuing increase in energy use and carbon emission of the urban mobility. However, the increased [...] Read more.
The negative environmental impacts of using fossil fuel-powered vehicles underlined the need for inventing an alternative eco-friendly transportation fleet. Plug-in electrical vehicles (PEVs) are introduced to cut the continuing increase in energy use and carbon emission of the urban mobility. However, the increased demand for mobility, and therefore energy, can create constraints on the power network which can reduce the benefits of electrification as a certain and reliable source. Thus, the rise in the use of electric vehicles needs electric grids to be able to feed the increased energy demand while the current infrastructure supports it. In this paper, we introduce a methodological framework for scheduling smart PEVs charging by considering the uncertainties and battery degradation. This framework includes an economic model for charging and discharging of PEVs which has been implemented in a 21-node sample distribution network with a wind turbine as a distributed generation (DG) unit. Our proposed approach indicates that the optimal charging of the PEVs has a high impact on the distribution network operation, particularly under the high market penetration of PEVs. Thus, the smart grid to vehicle (G2V) charging mode is a potential solution to maximize the PEV’s owner profit, while considering the battery degradation cost of the PEVs. The simulation result indicates that smart charging effectuation is economical. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid Vehicle Technologies for a Sustainable Future Mobility)
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