Submit to Applied Sciences Review for Applied Sciences Propose a Special Issue

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Physical Therapy and Health

Special Issue Editors
Special Issue Information
Keywords
Published Papers

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2021) | Viewed by 41768

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Carlos Romero-Morales

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
Interests: ultrasound imaging; sport; tendinopathy; health; musculoskeletal injuries
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Daniel López-López

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Research, Health and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universidade da Coruña, 150403 Ferrol, Spain
Interests: biomechanics; quality of life; shoes; pain; epidemiology; orthopedics; podiatry; prevention and promotion of the health; rehabilitation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. César Calvo-Lobo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: ligaments; muscles; myofascial pain syndrome; musculoskeletal disorders; sports; tendons; ultrasonography
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
Interests: health care; biomechanics; quality of life; shoes; pain; epidemiology; orthopedic; podiatry; prevention and promotion of the health; rehabilitation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Ricardo Becerro de Bengoa Vallejo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: feet; ligaments; muscles; musculoskeletal disorders; reliability; sports; tendons; ultrasonography; validation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Patricia Palomo-López

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

University Center of Plasencia, Universidad de Extremadura, 10600 Plasencia, Spain
Interests: biomechanics; quality of life; shoes; pain; epidemiology; orthopedics; podiatry; prevention and promotion of the health; rehabilitation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is widely known that physical therapy comprises many approaches for the diagnosis and management of different pathologies and syndromes. Currently research on physical therapy has been considerable; however, standardized protocols for the diagnostics and management of pathologies requiring physical therapy interventions are still needed.

Furthermore, novel evidence-based therapies, such as manual therapy, exercise and movement rehabilitation programs, electrotherapy, and thermotherapy may have benefits in acute and chronic syndromes. I would like to invite my colleagues from across the world to contribute their expertise, insights, and findings in the form of novel and original research articles and reviews for this Special Issue entitled “Physical Therapy and Health”.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to highlight the benefits of physical therapy for the prevention, diagnostics, and management of different pathologies and syndromes related with the health of the general population.

Prof. Dr. Carlos Romero-Morales
Prof. Dr. Daniel López-López
Prof. Dr. César Calvo-Lobo
Prof. Dr. Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias
Prof. Dr. Ricardo Becerro de Bengoa Vallejo
Prof. Dr. Patricia Palomo-López
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Physical therapy
Health
Pain
Musculoskeletal disorder
Diagnosis
Rehabilitation

Published Papers (11 papers)

Download All Papers

Order results

Result details

Show export options Show export options

Select all

Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Review

11 pages, 831 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effectiveness of Shock Wave Therapy versus Intra-Articular Corticosteroid Injection in Diabetic Frozen Shoulder Patients’ Management: Randomized Controlled Trial

by Ahmed Ebrahim Elerian, David Rodriguez-Sanz, Abdelaziz Abdelaziz Elsherif, Hend Adel Dorgham, Dina Mohamed Ali Al-Hamaky, Mahmoud S. El Fakharany and Mahmoud Ewidea

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(8), 3721; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083721 - 20 Apr 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5104

Abstract

Frozen shoulder is a major musculoskeletal illness in diabetic patients. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of shock wave and corticosteroid injection in the management of diabetic frozen shoulder patients. Fifty subjects with diabetic frozen shoulder were divided randomly into group A (the intra-articular corticosteroid injection group) and group B that received 12 sessions of shock wave therapy, while each patient in both groups received the traditional physiotherapy program. The level of pain and disability, the range of motion, as well as the glucose triad were evaluated before patient assignment to each group, during the study and at the end of the study. Compared to the pretreatment evaluations there were significant improvements of shoulder pain and disability and in shoulder flexion and abduction range of motion in both groups (p < 0.05). The shock wave group revealed a more significant improvement the intra-articular corticosteroid injection group, where p was 0.001 for shoulder pain and disability and shoulder flexion and abduction. Regarding the effect of both interventions on the glucose triad, there were significant improvements in glucose control with group B, where p was 0.001. Shock waves provide a more effective and safer treatment modality for diabetic frozen shoulder treatment than corticosteroid intra-articular injection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Therapy and Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 502 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Efficacy of Manual Therapy on Facilitatory Nociception and Endogenous Pain Modulation in Older Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Case Series

by Eleuterio A. Sánchez-Romero, Yeray González-Zamorano, Alberto Arribas-Romano, Oliver Martínez-Pozas, Elena Fernández Espinar, Paolo Pedersini, Jorge Hugo Villafañe, Jose Luis Alonso Pérez and Josué Fernández-Carnero

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 1895; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041895 - 21 Feb 2021

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4098

Abstract

Background: manual therapy (MT) has been shown to have positive effects in patients with osteoarthritis (OA)-related pain, and its use in clinical settings is recommended. However, the mechanisms of action for how these positive effects occur are not yet well understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of MT treatment on facilitatory nociception and endogenous pain modulation in patients with knee OA related pain. Methods: Twenty-eight patients with knee OA were included in this study. Pain intensity using the numerical pain rating scale (NPRS), temporal summation (TS), conditioned pain modulation (CPM), and local (knee) and distant (elbow) hyperalgesia through the pressure pain threshold (PPT), were assessed to evaluate the pain modulatory system. Patients underwent four sessions of MT treatments within 3 weeks and were evaluated at the baseline, after the first session and after the fourth session. Results: the MT treatment reduced knee pain after the first session (p = 0.03) and after the fourth session (p = 0.04). TS decreased significantly after the fourth session of MT (p = 0.02), while a significant increase in the CPM assessment was detected after the fourth session (p = 0.05). No significant changes in the PPT over the knee and elbow were found in the follow-ups. Conclusions: The results from our study suggest that MT might be an effective and safe method for improving pain and for decreasing temporal summation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Therapy and Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 8969 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Home Rehabilitation Based on Gamification and Serious Games for Young People: A Systematic Mapping Study

by Cristian Gmez-Portes, Carmen Lacave, Ana I. Molina and David Vallejo

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(24), 8849; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10248849 - 10 Dec 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3134

Abstract

Physical rehabilitation of people who suffer from some motor disability involves an intensive treatment to reduce pain and improve quality of life. Research studies have proven the benefits of technologies based on home-rehabilitation, which complement regular therapy in hospitals. Although there is a significant number of studies that face this challenge when dealing with adults, it has not been explored with young people. In this research article, we focus on this population, since the repetition of physical exercises decreases the youth’s motivation, which entails a high risk of dropping out of therapy. That is why we present a systematic mapping study of the techniques, devices, and methods used to address home rehabilitation for children and teenagers. The conclusions indicate that it is essential to use gamification techniques to adopt a plug-and-play metaphor, based on natural interaction mechanisms and on the use of non-intrusive devices, and to customize the rehabilitation process for each individual along with a methodology. We also present the improvements applied to an existing gamification-based software prototype for home rehabilitation. In this system, physical exercises can be customized, laying the foundations to promote precision rehabilitation within the context of young people. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Therapy and Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 1219 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Validity and Reliability of Methods for Sonography Education in Physiotherapy: Onsite vs. Online

by Samuel Fernández-Carnero, Juan Nicolás Cuenca-Zaldivar, Daniel Pecos-Martin, Alexander Achalandabaso-Ochoa, Alejandro Ferragut-Garcias and Tomás Gallego-Izquierdo

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(18), 6456; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10186456 - 16 Sep 2020

Viewed by 2063

Abstract

Background: in physiotherapy, the interest in sonography education has been increasing in recent decades, giving rise to opportunities in education in an attempt to meet the elevated demand. In other health professions, online education has demonstrated to be of interest, and another possibility by which to obtain knowledge. Methods: this exploratory observational prospective study compared the outcomes between onsite versus online education, and was approved by the ethics committee of the Francisco de Vitoria University. Two groups (onsite and online) with 136 attendants and two levels for each (basic and advanced) received the same content but through different presentations. Theoretical exams were conducted via “Kahoot” and practical exams using phantoms, and the results were subject to statistical analyses. Results: the average age of onsite participants was 29.5 (25–35.25) years and 34 (28.5–40.5) for the online participants, with a higher percentage of women. The average score ranks in the Kahoot_basic test were higher for both online groups corresponding to basic (group 1) and advanced (group 2) levels: 7 (6.5, 7.5) for group 1 and 7 (6.5, 8.5) for group 2 vs. the onsite groups: 6 (5.5, 7) for group 1 and 6 (5, 6.5) for group 2. In the practical exam, the model detected that a small negative difference between the Onsite 2 group and the total effect (−1.23148, SE = 0.43687) was significant (t = −2.819, p = 0.00558) with a low effect size (R²_adjusted = 0.025) for the measurements of the hollow structure; the difference between the Online 2 and Onsite 1 group was positive (1.5026, SE = 0.5822) and significant (t = 2.5809, p = 0.0113), with a low effect size (R²_adjusted = 0.016) for the solid structure depth measurement. Conclusions: the results showed that there could be an opportunity to access sonography knowledge through online education in physical therapy compared to the traditional onsite model. These conclusions support the use of a low-cost and accessible method for ultrasound education. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Therapy and Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 498 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Inspiratory Muscles Training Plus Rib Cage Mobilization on Chest Expansion, Inspiratory Accessory Muscles Activity and Pulmonary Function in Stroke Patients

by Shin Jun Park

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(15), 5178; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10155178 - 28 Jul 2020

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3533

Abstract

After stroke, limited ribcage movement may lead to impaired respiratory function. Combining threshold inspiratory muscle training with rib cage joint mobilization has been shown to enhance the recovery of respiratory function in patients with stroke. The present study investigated whether the combination of rib cage joint mobilization and inspiratory muscle training would improve chest expansion, inspiratory muscle activity, and pulmonary function after stroke. Thirty stroke patients were recruited and randomly assigned to one of the two groups, namely 6-week rib cage joint mobilization with inspiratory muscle training (experimental group) or inspiratory muscle training alone (control group). Outcome measures included upper and lower chest expansion, activity of accessory inspiratory muscles (latissimus dorsi (LD) and upper trapezius (UT)), and pulmonary function (forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow (PEF)). All evaluations were conducted at baseline and after 6 weeks of inspiratory muscle training. Significant increases were observed in upper and lower chest expansion, LD and UT muscle activity, FVC, FEV1, and PEF in both the groups. Upper and lower chest expansion and muscle activity of UT and LD were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. No significant differences were observed in FVC, FEV1, and PEF between the groups. Inspiratory muscle training is effective in improving chest expansion, inspiratory muscle activity, and pulmonary function after stroke. The addition of rib cage joint mobilization further increases chest expansion and inspiratory muscle activity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Therapy and Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 929 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Neuromodulation in Patients with Unilateral Anterior Knee Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial

by Paula García-Bermejo, Blanca De-la-Cruz-Torres and Carlos Romero-Morales

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(13), 4647; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10134647 - 05 Jul 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3815

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the short-term and crossover effects of a percutaneous neuromodulation (PNM) intervention on the femoral nerve, regarding the pain, knee flexion motion (range of motion (ROM)), and functionality, in patients with unilateral anterior knee pain (AKP). Our study used a randomized clinical trial design. Thirty patients were divided into two groups: one asymptomatic knee group in which patients received stimulation in the femoral nerve corresponding to the nonsymptomatic knee; and one symptomatic knee group, in which patients received stimulation in the femoral nerve corresponding to the painful knee. Pain, knee flexion ROM, Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Patella (VISA-P) and Kujala questionnaires were evaluated. Twenty-eight patients completed the study. Compared to their baseline values, both groups showed an increase immediately at 24 h, and at 1 week for the knee flexion ROM variable. In addition, the symptomatic knee group showed an increase for the Kujala score and a decrease for the numeric rating scale (NRS) variable from baseline to 1 week. VISA-P score did not show statistically significant differences for the time-group interaction. After the intervention, there were no differences between the groups in any measured time. Conclusion: a single-shot ultrasound-guided PNM intervention per week in the femoral nerve may be an effective treatment for improving the pain, knee flexion ROM, and knee functionality. In addition, this technique produces crossover benefits in the nonintervention limb. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Therapy and Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

8 pages, 693 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Diagonal Pattern Training on Trunk Function, Balance, and Gait in Stroke Patients

by Shin Jun Park and Seunghue Oh

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(13), 4635; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10134635 - 04 Jul 2020

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 7496

Abstract

Introduction: Trunk control disability commonly occurs after stroke. This study investigated the effect of diagonal pattern training in the sitting position to improve trunk control ability and gait performance. Method: 46 stroke patients were enrolled in this study. We used single plane training and diagonal pattern training. Additionally, the subjects were randomly assigned to the experiment group (diagonal pattern training) and the control group (single plane training). Diagonal pattern training was modified with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique’s chopping and lifting pattern to create 10 movements. Results: the trunk impairment scale score, Berg balance scale score, 10 m walking test result, and gait significantly increased in the experiment group compared to the control group. Conclusions: diagonal pattern training can be regarded as a promising method to improve postural control and increase balance and gait in stroke patients Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Therapy and Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

7 pages, 535 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Could a Multitask Balance Training Program Complement the Balance Training in Healthy Preschool Children: A Quasi-Experimental Study

by Vanesa Abuín-Porras, Carmen Jiménez Antona, María Blanco-Morales, Antonio Palacios, Carlos Romero-Morales, Daniel López-López, Jorge Hugo Villafañe and Isabel Rodríguez-Costa

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(12), 4100; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10124100 - 14 Jun 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2486

Abstract

This prospective quasi-experimental study investigated the efficacy of a multitask balance training program to improve the balancing ability of healthy preschool children. A total of 85 (51.8% boys) healthy preschool children aged 4–6 years were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group. The intervention group received a multitask balance training program, while the control group received a placebo training program. Outcomes were collected at baseline and immediately following the intervention. Independent members of the research team recorded balance skill measurements in the cohort at pre- and post-training using the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS). Balance-related outcomes were recorded using the Battelle Development Inventory in Spanish using the second edition (BDI-II). A significant effect of time interaction (F = 7.27, p = 0.015; F = 6.16, p = 0.02 and F = 7.41, p = 0.014) existed for the PBS and BDI-II over balance immediately after the intervention (p < 0.001 for each). A significant group-by-time interaction was detected for the PBS and BDI-II (p < 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). This study supports the efficacy of multitask-based balance training programs to improve balance in children aged 4–6 years. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Therapy and Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 1289 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Reliability and Repeatability of the Assessment of Stress in Nursing Students Instrument in Podiatry Students: A Transcultural Adaptation

by Patricia Palomo-López, Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias, Ricardo Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo, Daniel López-López, David Rodríguez-Sanz, Marta San Ántolín-Gil, João Martiniano and César Calvo-Lobo

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(11), 3815; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10113815 - 30 May 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2446

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to adapt the Spanish version of the Assessment of Stress in Nursing Students (ASNS) (shorter form) instrument for Spanish podiatry students, labeling the new tool as the Spanish version of Assessment of Stress in Podiatry Students (ASPS). The adaptation for reliability and repeatability included performing the transcultural adaptation process and examining the repeatability and reliability of ASPS when used in a different language. Methods: An internationally recommended translation procedure was used to adapt transculturally this tool. The instrument’s test–retest reliability was evaluated in two sessions that were 10 days apart. Results: After considering each domain’s total score, the reliability and internal consistency were analyzed with Cronbach’s α and intraclass correlation coefficient for a 95% confidence interval. Good internal consistency was reported according to total score (α = 0.8626) and each one of the six domains: (1) the practical activities performance domain showed a Cronbach’s α of 0.8684; (2) professional communication domain, α = 0.8765; (3) time management domain, α = 0.8832; (4) environment domain, α = 0.8974; (5) professional education domain, α =0.873; and (6) theoretical activity domain, α = 0.8787. Test–retest reliability, by paired test of Wilcoxon, was not significant, showing that there were not differences between domain scores (p ≥ 0.05). Lastly, visual distributions of Bland and Altman plots did not provide differences between domains and total scores. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the ASPS showed good repeatability, reliability and acceptability to measure stress parameters for podiatry students. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Therapy and Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

6 pages, 232 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The OptoGait Motion Analysis System for Clinical Assessment of 2D Spatio-Temporal Gait Parameters in Young Adults: A Reliability and Repeatability Observational Study

by Julia Carbajales-Lopez, Ricardo Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo, Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias, Israel Casado-Hernández, Maria Benito-De Pedro, David Rodríguez-Sanz, César Calvo-Lobo and Marta San Antolín

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(11), 3726; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10113726 - 28 May 2020

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2079

Abstract

Background: Walking clinical assessments are commonly used to check for possible gait modifications in healthy subjects, in patients with trauma or neurological conditions, or after a surgical procedure. Spatio-temporal walking variables are studied in depth to achieve a complete evaluation. The purpose of this study was to perform an observational study of the reliability and repeatability of the OptoGait portable photoelectric cell system. Methods: An observational study of the reliability and repeatability of the OptoGait portable photoelectric cell system was carried out. Results: Walking point, walking point gap, step width, and walking base variables, which are deeply related to gait and posture, have an almost perfect reliability. Conclusion: The OptoGait motion analysis device is a reliable system for clinical assessment of static and dynamic foot pressures. Clinicians should feel confident adding this analysis system to their daily professional tools where repeatable measures of gait measurements are important for diagnosis and treatment selection, and also compare efficacy or testing differences between different pathologic conditions. Further, these obtained data can be formed as a baseline for future studies, and to check a right sample size for new research that use the OptoGait motion analysis system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Therapy and Health)

Review

Jump to: Research

33 pages, 803 KiB

Open AccessReview

Video Game-Based Therapy on Balance and Gait of Patients with Stroke: A Systematic Review

by Silvia Pintado-Izquierdo, Roberto Cano-de-la-Cuerda and Rosa María Ortiz-Gutiérrez

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(18), 6426; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10186426 - 15 Sep 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3999

Abstract

Background: Stroke patients with motor, sensory and cognitive diseases can take profits from information and communication technologies—in particular, from the latest commercial video consoles, which are based on motion capture. These technologies are positioning themselves as complementary therapeutic tools for treating gait and balance disorders. In this paper, a systematic review of the effect of video game-based therapy on balance and gait in stroke patients is shown and compared with other types of treatments. Methods: A systematic review of prospective controlled clinical trials published in the main biomedical databases in English and Spanish between 2005 and 2020 was performed. The systematic review presented in this paper has been done following the Cochrane Manual recommendations and the PRISMA Declaration by two independent reviewers. Data about participants, intervention, outcome measurements and outcome measurement results were extracted. The quality of evidence of each study was assessed using Cochrane’s standard quality assessment format, which includes a description of the risk of bias. Additionally, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to assess the methodological quality of each paper. Results: A total of 18 papers, including 479 patients, were included in this systematic review, in which the use of video consoles (in combination with conventional rehabilitation or exclusively) was compared with conventional rehabilitation to treat balance or gait in post-stroke patients. In all studies, a tendency to improve balance was found in both intervention groups, finding, in 10 of 17 studies that analysed it, a better capacity in the experimental group that included video consoles compared to the conventional rehabilitation control group. Regarding gait, in six of seven studies that analysed it, improvements were found in both intervention groups, and these improvements were greater in the experimental group than compared to the control group in three of them. Conclusions: Commercial video game systems, in combination with conventional rehabilitation, have shown positive results on balance and gait in post-stroke patients. There were variations between the trials in terms of the video consoles used and the duration, frequency and number of sessions with commercial video games. Future studies should compare the effects of commercial video game treatments on balance and gait in stroke patients with a nonintervention group to know their real efficacy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Therapy and Health)

► Show Figures

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Physical Therapy and Health

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Published Papers (11 papers)

Research

Review

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI