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New Challenges in Exploring Solar Radiation: Influence, Consequences, Diagnostics, Prediction
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New Challenges in Exploring Solar Radiation: Influence, Consequences, Diagnostics, Prediction

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Physics General".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2022) | Viewed by 11082

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Vladimir Sreckovic

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The Astrophysics and Ionospheric Laboratory, Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
Interests: space weather studies of upper atmosphere; astrogeoinformatics; astroinformatics; databases; data-mining; natural hazards
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, entitled “New Challenges in Exploring Solar Radiation: Influence, Consequences, Diagnostics, Prediction”, is currently accepting manuscripts for publication. Some of the feature topics that are considered are the recent technological advances in instrumentation and development, as well as the theoretical background for analysis used for investigations of solar power and our environment. In modern science, there is special interest in the research of solar-influenced space weather and, consequently, extreme weather events, climate change, protection and preservation, because they are recognized as substantial for sustainable development. Therefore, a high-priority question in this increasingly technological world is can we predict the degree of the impact of intense solar radiation on the Earth, human population, electronic devices, telecommunication, and can we evaluate the consequences? This two-part question is difficult and complex, and the answer is not so simple. Research requires a multidisciplinary approach along with the application of various models from different disciplines and areas of science and industry. Here, we will analyze this issue.

For this Special Issue, the following focus areas, among others, are invited for contribution as original theoretical and experimental research: solar influence on Earth and modeling of the induced atmospheric disturbances using different kinds of remote sensing techniques; space weather studies; impact of intense solar radiation on the human population; structure, chemistry, diagnostics in relation to Earth ionosphere; high-energy physics; forecasting modeling of the atmosphere.

Dr. Vladimir Sreckovic
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • solar energy
  • solar activity
  • atmosphere
  • modeling and forecasting
  • properties
  • diagnostics
  • public health
  • high-energy physics

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

2 pages, 169 KiB  
Editorial
New Challenges in Exploring Solar Radiation: Influence, Consequences, Diagnostics, Prediction
by Vladimir A. Srećković
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(7), 4126; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074126 - 24 Mar 2023
Viewed by 865
Abstract
The study of solar-influenced space weather and, consequently, extreme weather events, climate change, protection, and preservation are of particular interest in modern science because they are acknowledged as being important for sustainable development [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Challenges in Exploring Solar Radiation: Influence, Consequences, Diagnostics, Prediction)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

14 pages, 4117 KiB  
Article
Simulation of a Low Concentrator Photovoltaic System Using COMSOL
by Maryam Mohammad Alqurashi, Entesar Ali Ganash and Reem Mohammad Altuwirqi
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 3450; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12073450 - 29 Mar 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2430
Abstract
The use of photovoltaic (PV) systems presents a great solution to high energy demand. Many factors limit the output of PV systems. One method of increasing the output of PV systems is to employ concentrators. The function of these concentrators is to increase [...] Read more.
The use of photovoltaic (PV) systems presents a great solution to high energy demand. Many factors limit the output of PV systems. One method of increasing the output of PV systems is to employ concentrators. The function of these concentrators is to increase the amount of solar radiation falling on a PV panel using optical devices. In this work, a simulation of a low concentrated photovoltaic system (LCPV) (V-trough model) will be conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics software package. The ray-tracing technique, based on the finite-element method, was used to study the performance of a V-trough without the incorporation of a tracking system. By investigating the effect of the mirrors’ inclination angles on the performance of the system, the optimum inclination angles were determined. The simulation was done for a non-tilted concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) system if placed in different geographical locations in Saudi Arabia with the inclination of the mirrors being changed every hour of the daylight. It was found that the concentration ratio of the suggested model increased for the city of Jeddah, for example, by 171% and 131% for double and partial coverage cases, respectively. In order to reduce the operation cost, the simulation was repeated with the restriction of the mirrors’ inclination to only three positions during the day. The concentration ratio decreased in this case by not more than 14%. When mirrors were fixed throughout the day, the concentration ratio dropped to about 50%. Such simulations will assist in investigating different designs of PV systems prior to their manufacturing. In addition, it could assist in determining the best geographic location for such CPV systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Challenges in Exploring Solar Radiation: Influence, Consequences, Diagnostics, Prediction)
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17 pages, 4032 KiB  
Article
Performance Prediction and Optimization of Multi-Mirror Combined Solar Dish Collector
by Weidong Huang, Fei Shen, Lulening Sun and Chenggang Zong
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(5), 2347; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12052347 - 24 Feb 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1450
Abstract
An analytical method to calculate and optimize the performance of a multi-mirror combined solar dish collector is proposed in this work. It is based on the method of directly calculating the optical efficiency of a reflecting point, which can consider the influence of [...] Read more.
An analytical method to calculate and optimize the performance of a multi-mirror combined solar dish collector is proposed in this work. It is based on the method of directly calculating the optical efficiency of a reflecting point, which can consider the influence of many factors. The distribution of the reflected solar intensity is obtained by the convolution of the actual solar intensity distribution and Gaussian distribution of the optical error. Then, the optical efficiency for a single mirror is calculated through integration over the total area of the mirror, and the method is validated by the SolTrace code. It is a rather quick method that reduces the amount of calculation and keeps high accuracy. The heat loss per unit area for the cavity receiver is assumed to be constant at a definite operation temperature for performance analysis and optimization. Taking a 62.25 m2 combined dish system with 249 square spherical mirrors as an example, the effects of system focal length, open radius of receiver, optical error, and focal length of the mirror on the system intercept factor and efficiency are studied. An optimization model is developed for maximizing the annual average net thermal efficiency. If the mirrors used have the same focal length for reducing the manufacture cost, when the optical error is 2 mrad, the net thermal efficiency and the intercept factor of the optimized system are 85.87% and 98.60%, respectively, while the concentration ratio is about 2000. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Challenges in Exploring Solar Radiation: Influence, Consequences, Diagnostics, Prediction)
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16 pages, 4072 KiB  
Article
Response of the Earth’s Lower Ionosphere to Solar Flares and Lightning-Induced Electron Precipitation Events by Analysis of VLF Signals: Similarities and Differences
by Aleksandra Kolarski, Vladimir A. Srećković and Zoran R. Mijić
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(2), 582; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020582 - 07 Jan 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1511
Abstract
The lower ionosphere influences the propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves, satellite and also terrestrial (anthropic) signals at the time of intense perturbations and disturbances. Therefore, data and modelling of the perturbed lower ionosphere are crucial in various technological areas. An analysis of the [...] Read more.
The lower ionosphere influences the propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves, satellite and also terrestrial (anthropic) signals at the time of intense perturbations and disturbances. Therefore, data and modelling of the perturbed lower ionosphere are crucial in various technological areas. An analysis of the lower ionospheric response induced by sudden events during daytime-solar flares and during night-time-lightning-induced electron precipitation was carried out. A case study of the solar flare event recorded on 7 September 2017 and lightning-induced electron precipitation event recorded on 16 November 2004 were used in this work. Sudden events induced changes in the ionosphere and, consequently, the electron density height profile. All data are recorded by Belgrade (BEL) radio station system and the model computation is used to obtain the ionospheric parameters induced by these sudden events. According to perturbed conditions, variation of estimated parameters, sharpness and reflection height differ for analysed cases. Data and results are useful for Earth observation, telecommunication and other applications in modern society. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Challenges in Exploring Solar Radiation: Influence, Consequences, Diagnostics, Prediction)
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17 pages, 6793 KiB  
Article
Novel Modelling Approach for Obtaining the Parameters of Low Ionosphere under Extreme Radiation in X-Spectral Range
by Vladimir A. Srećković, Desanka M. Šulić, Veljko Vujčić, Zoran R. Mijić and Ljubinko M. Ignjatović
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(23), 11574; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112311574 - 06 Dec 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2096
Abstract
Strong radiation from solar X-ray flares can produce increased ionization in the terrestrial D-region and change its structure. Moreover, extreme solar radiation in X-spectral range can create sudden ionospheric disturbances and can consequently affect devices on the terrain as well as signals from [...] Read more.
Strong radiation from solar X-ray flares can produce increased ionization in the terrestrial D-region and change its structure. Moreover, extreme solar radiation in X-spectral range can create sudden ionospheric disturbances and can consequently affect devices on the terrain as well as signals from satellites and presumably cause numerous uncontrollable catastrophic events. One of the techniques for detection and analysis of solar flares is studying the variations in time of specific spectral lines. The aim of this work is to present our study of solar X-ray flare effects on D-region using very low-frequency radio signal measurements over a long path in parallel with the analysis of X-spectral radiation, and to obtain the atmospheric parameters (sharpness, reflection height, time delay). We introduce a novel modelling approach and give D-region coefficients needed for modelling this medium, as well as a simple expression for electron density of lower ionosphere plasmas. We provide the analysis and software on GitHub. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Challenges in Exploring Solar Radiation: Influence, Consequences, Diagnostics, Prediction)
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17 pages, 2985 KiB  
Article
Low Ionosphere under Influence of Strong Solar Radiation: Diagnostics and Modeling
by Vladimir A. Srećković, Desanka M. Šulić, Ljubinko Ignjatović and Veljko Vujčić
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(16), 7194; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11167194 - 04 Aug 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1868
Abstract
Solar flares (SFs) and intense radiation can generate additional ionization in the Earth’s atmosphere and affect its structure. These types of solar radiation and activity create sudden ionospheric disturbances (SIDs), affect electronic equipment on the ground along with signals from space, and potentially [...] Read more.
Solar flares (SFs) and intense radiation can generate additional ionization in the Earth’s atmosphere and affect its structure. These types of solar radiation and activity create sudden ionospheric disturbances (SIDs), affect electronic equipment on the ground along with signals from space, and potentially induce various natural disasters. Focus of this work is on the study of SIDs induced by X-ray SFs using very low frequency (VLF) radio signals in order to predict the impact of SFs on Earth and analyze ionosphere plasmas and its parameters. All data are recorded by VLF BEL stations and the model computation is used to obtain the daytime atmosphere parameters induced by this extreme radiation. The obtained ionospheric parameters are compared with results of other authors. For the first time we analyzed physics of the D-region—during consecutive huge SFs which continuously perturbed this layer for a few hours—in detail. We have developed an empirical model of the D-region plasma density and gave a simple approximative formula for electron density. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Challenges in Exploring Solar Radiation: Influence, Consequences, Diagnostics, Prediction)
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