GIS Applications in Green Development

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 13072

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Dear Colleagues,

Green development is the answer to the climate crisis. GIS, being the perfect platform for environmental monitoring and design, has extensive fields of application in climate adaptation, mitigation, and resilience. The interest is focused on basic human GHG emission activities: energy, industry and raw materials, digital agriculture, smart cities, transportation, and logistics. energy, with distributed renewable energy sources and energy efficiency/savings; industry and raw materials for decreasing CO2 emissions, transforming the production model by using green energy, improving recycling–reusing–reducing processes; digital agriculture, for decreasing usage of energy, water, fertilizers, and farming with sustainable methods; smart cities, being the future of the urban environment for 7 billion inhabitants, where 70% of GDP and CO2 emissions are produced, with the necessity of smart transportation arrangements, smart daily and long-term local governance, net-zero buildings, improvement of public infrastructures’ resilience, and low energy consumption processes; and transportation and logistics, with 32% of global GHG emissions, with new fuels and electrifying all transportation means from private vehicles  to ships and airplanes.

All of the above, combined with GIS applications and information and communication technologies (ICT) offer a broader horizon for greening the production model in developed and developing countries. Artificial Intelligence, the Internet of Things, blockchain, 3D printing, robotics, and 5G telecommunication are only some of the most crucial advancements, bringing development on the market, as well as new and innovative applications for decreasing global temperature.

Smart GIS applications are the most important instruments in decision makers’ hands, in order to design and monitor the new local, national, and international climate circumstances. Since 75% of the Earth’s surface is affected by human activities, there is a huge necessity for a broader possible use of smart GIS applications in foreseeing impacts in forests, oceans, urban and rural areas, transportation and production sites, and networks.

Prof. Dr. Yannis Maniatis
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • GIS in renewable energy & energy efficiency
  • GIS in smart cities
  • GIS in digital agriculture
  • GIS in tranportation & logistics

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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2 pages, 146 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue “GIS Applications in Green Development”
by Yannis Maniatis
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(19), 10856; https://doi.org/10.3390/app131910856 - 29 Sep 2023
Viewed by 495
Abstract
In the context of climate change, the role of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in green developments cannot be overstated [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue GIS Applications in Green Development)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

19 pages, 7580 KiB  
Article
Determining Wind Energy Potential Using Geographic Information System Functions: A Case Study in Balıkesir, Turkey
by Selim Serhan Yildiz
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(16), 9183; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13169183 - 12 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1680
Abstract
With developing technology, energy consumption and requirements are steadily rising. Wind energy emerges as an indispensable energy source in the world, where energy requirements are increasing gradually due to important features such as being renewable, sustainable, easily accessible, and environmentally friendly. In recent [...] Read more.
With developing technology, energy consumption and requirements are steadily rising. Wind energy emerges as an indispensable energy source in the world, where energy requirements are increasing gradually due to important features such as being renewable, sustainable, easily accessible, and environmentally friendly. In recent years, wind energy investments in Turkey have increased significantly, in line with the rest of the world. In recent decades, a significant number of investors have performed investment studies in this area. In this study, the wind energy potential of the Balıkesir Province in Turkey was calculated using geographical information system (GIS) functions. A wind speed map was created by using wind speed data measured at a 10 m altitude at 32 meteorological stations. The wind speeds were extrapolated to 100 m considering the land cover data, and a wind speed map of the Balıkesir Province was created using GIS functions. An equation was produced to calculate the number of turbines that can be placed in a certain area depending on the national regulation, which is also the novelty of this study. By using this equation, the wind energy potential values of the Balıkesir Province and its districts were obtained according to varying wind speed ranges. The results obtained in this study were compared with the wind energy potential atlas of Turkey (REPA). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue GIS Applications in Green Development)
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20 pages, 10521 KiB  
Article
A Complete and High-Resolution Estimate of Sardinia’s Rooftop Photovoltaic Potential
by Andrea Pinna and Luca Massidda
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010007 - 20 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1261
Abstract
The implementation of the energy transition and the building of energy communities are driving forward the exploitation of the potential for rooftop photovoltaic power generation. Estimating rooftop PV generation potential requires the processing of different types of data, such as the cadastral information [...] Read more.
The implementation of the energy transition and the building of energy communities are driving forward the exploitation of the potential for rooftop photovoltaic power generation. Estimating rooftop PV generation potential requires the processing of different types of data, such as the cadastral information of buildings, a detailed description of available rooftop areas, and solar irradiance data. High-resolution estimation based on GIS data is normally limited to small survey areas. Instead, by using an algorithm for the efficient calculation of shadows over rooftops, and the integration of solar irradiance over time, we developed a procedure that allows for the rapid full census assessment of rooftop photovoltaic potential with a spatial resolution of 1 m, applicable at the regional scale and requiring minimal computational resources. We applied this approach to the rooftops of buildings in Sardinia, an island and region of Italy of particular interest for the energy transition. In addition to estimating the geographic potential, we carried out a preliminary assessment of the technical and economic potential, yielding a maximal photovoltaic rooftop generation potential of 22 TWh for the entire region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue GIS Applications in Green Development)
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20 pages, 16739 KiB  
Article
Fire Risk Probability Mapping Using Machine Learning Tools and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis in the GIS Environment: A Case Study in the National Park Forest Dadia-Lefkimi-Soufli, Greece
by Yannis Maniatis, Athanasios Doganis and Minas Chatzigeorgiadis
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(6), 2938; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12062938 - 13 Mar 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4648
Abstract
Fire risk will increase in the upcoming years due to climate change. In this context, GIS analysis for fire risk mapping is an important tool to identify high risk areas and allocate resources. In the present study, we aimed to create a fire [...] Read more.
Fire risk will increase in the upcoming years due to climate change. In this context, GIS analysis for fire risk mapping is an important tool to identify high risk areas and allocate resources. In the present study, we aimed to create a fire risk estimation model that incorporates recent land cover changes, along with other important risk factors. As a study area, we selected Dadia-Lefkimi-Soufli National Forest Park and the surrounding area since it is one of the most important protected areas in Greece. The area selected for the case study is a typical Mediterranean landscape. As a result, the outcome model is generic and can be applied to other areas. In order to incorporate land cover changes in our model, we used a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm to classify a satellite image captured in September 2021 and an image of the same period two years ago to obtain comparable results. Next, two fire risk maps were created with a combination of land cover and six other factors, using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) on a GIS platform. The results of our model revealed noticeable clusters of extreme high risk areas, while the overall fire risk in the National Park Forest of Dadia-Lefkimi-Soufli was classified as high. The wildfires of 1st October 2020 and 9th July 2021 confirmed our model and contributed to quantification of their impact on fire risk due to land cover change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue GIS Applications in Green Development)
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17 pages, 1873 KiB  
Article
Visibility Assessment of New Photovoltaic Power Plants in Areas with Special Landscape Value
by Enrique Zorzano-Alba, Luis Alfredo Fernandez-Jimenez, Eduardo Garcia-Garrido, Pedro M. Lara-Santillan, Alberto Falces, Pedro J. Zorzano-Santamaria, Candido Capellan-Villacian and Montserrat Mendoza-Villena
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(2), 703; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020703 - 11 Jan 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1468
Abstract
Power plants based on renewable sources offer environmental, technical and economic advantages. Of particular importance is the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional power plants. Despite the advantages, people are often opposed to the construction of these facilities due to their [...] Read more.
Power plants based on renewable sources offer environmental, technical and economic advantages. Of particular importance is the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional power plants. Despite the advantages, people are often opposed to the construction of these facilities due to their high visual impact, particularly if they are close to places with a great cultural and/or landscape value. This paper proposes a new methodology for identifying the most suitable geographical areas for the construction of new photovoltaic (PV) power plants in zones of special scenic or cultural interest, helping to keep the environment free from the visual intrusions caused by these facilities. From several repeated analyses, the degree of visibility of the new PV plant, the potential observation time of passing visitors, considering the route they follow and their speed, and the increase in visibility of the plants when seen totally or partially with the sky as background, are determined. The result obtained is a map showing the ranking of the geographical areas based on a variable calculated in such analyses: the Global Accumulated Perception Time (GAPT). The application of this methodology can help the different agents involved in the decision-making process for the installation of new PV plant by providing them with an objective visibility criterion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue GIS Applications in Green Development)
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12 pages, 4537 KiB  
Article
Application of Geoinformation Systems for Assessment of Effective Integration of Renewable Energy Technologies in the Energy Sector of Ukraine
by Olga Ostapenko, Piotr Olczak, Viktor Koval, Larysa Hren, Dominika Matuszewska and Olena Postupna
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(2), 592; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020592 - 07 Jan 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 1892
Abstract
The scientific novelty of the results presented in this article is to substantiate and expand the possibilities of using global and local geographic information systems (GIS) to assess the potential of renewable energy sources in Ukraine. GIS analysis focused on key resource parameters [...] Read more.
The scientific novelty of the results presented in this article is to substantiate and expand the possibilities of using global and local geographic information systems (GIS) to assess the potential of renewable energy sources in Ukraine. GIS analysis focused on key resource parameters can help identify territories for development of renewable energy sources and assess of their possible technical potential, as well as the possibility of effective integration of technologies for the use of renewable energy sources in the energy sector of Ukraine. In this paper the possibilities for using geographic information systems to assess the potential of renewable energy sources in Ukraine are analyzed. The possibility of using the Global Atlas of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) to support planning of technologies for the use of energy from biomass is analyzed. The data can point to large-scale programs and applications in relation to key parameters (quality resources, transmission distance, population density, terrain and site protection), helping identify additional areas for development of renewable energy sources and give an approximate assessment of technical potential. It is determined that the software products of IRENA are able to support national and regional planning of renewable energy technologies, help establish the viability of future renewable energy facilities and help project developers identify and analyze promising facilities for the implementation of technologies using renewable energy. The application of geographic information systems of Ukrainian web resources (“UA MAP”) for assessing the potential of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency in Ukraine is been analyzed. The scientific novelty of the results lies in applying global and local GIS for comprehensive assessment of the potential and effectiveness of the use of regional non-traditional and renewable energy resources on the territory of Ukraine. This makes it possible to assess the possibilities of generating additional electric and thermal power for the needs of the regions of Ukraine using non-traditional and renewable energy sources. A comprehensive methodology for the use of GIS is proposed for assessing the potential of non-traditional and renewable energy sources at the regional level in Ukraine, taking into account energy, environmental and socio-economic factors affecting the placement of non-traditional and renewable energy facilities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue GIS Applications in Green Development)
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