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Propolis and Other Bee Products: Beneficial Effects on Health and...
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Propolis and Other Bee Products: Beneficial Effects on Health and Processing Technology

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 19728

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Anna Kurek-Górecka

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Guest Editor
Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, St. Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
Interests: bee products; polyphenols; antioxidant activity; dental plaque; oral care
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Anna Rzepecka-Stojko

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, St Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
Interests: polyphenols; flavonoids; bee products; antioxidant activity; biological activity
Dr. Michał Górecki

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, St Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
Interests: polyphenols; flavonoids; bee products; antioxidant activity; biological activity, bee products technology
Dr. Michał Otręba

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, St Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
Interests: anticancer activity; cellular assays; bee products; antioxidant activity; phenothiazine derivatives
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bee products are among the most useful natural products favored by natural medicine scientists for their possible pluripotent nutritional and biotic applications; they have been implemented in medicine since ancient times. Honey, propolis, bee pollen, royal jelly, beeswax and bee venom represent pluripotent leading pharmaceutical raw materials. The aforementioned raw materials are characterized by the active substances’ unique content/composition, responsible for their specific therapeutic properties.

The functional and health properties of bee products depend not only on the content of bioactive substances, but also on the technological process.

The aim of modern methods for the application of bee products as medicines is to modify both techniques and parameters as well as the composition of bee products, in order to obtain apitherapeutic products with diverse pro-health properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, antihypertensive, anti-cancer, immune-boosting, regenerative effects and many other properties.

This Special Issue will be dedicated to new perspectives in chemical and functional properties of bee products as well as opportunities for the implementation of bee products in therapy.

Subjects that will be discussed in this Special Issue will focus not only on modern methods, technologies, and further handling of bee products prior to their consumption, but also on the verification of their properties in animal or human studies.

Dr. Anna Kurek-Górecka
Dr. Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
Dr. Michał Górecki
Dr. Michał Otręba
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bee products
  • apitherapy
  • biological activity
  • bioactive compounds
  • pro-health properties

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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2 pages, 195 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue on Propolis and Other Bee Products: Beneficial Effects on Health and Processing Technology
by Anna Kurek-Górecka, Anna Rzepecka-Stojko, Michał Górecki and Michał Otręba
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(19), 11093; https://doi.org/10.3390/app131911093 - 09 Oct 2023
Viewed by 657
Abstract
Bee products are some of the most useful natural products and are favoured by natural medicine scientists for their possible pluripotent nutritional and biotic applications [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Propolis and Other Bee Products: Beneficial Effects on Health and Processing Technology)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Other

14 pages, 716 KiB  
Article
Influence of Encapsulation of Propolis Extract with 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) on Polyphenolic Contents during In Vitro Simulation of Digestion
by Eleonora Perak Junaković, Ksenija Šandor, Svjetlana Terzić, Anja Vujnović, Miroslav Andrišić, Miroslav Benić, Dominika Fajdić, Sonja Sinković, Mirta Pehnec and Irena Žarković
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(16), 9357; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13169357 - 17 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 920
Abstract
Studies of polyphenols in various natural products have shown their variability and often low amounts. Thus, we aimed to investigate the bioaccessibility of the main polyphenolic groups extracted from two poplar types of propolis collected in continental Croatia. The propolis complex, in the [...] Read more.
Studies of polyphenols in various natural products have shown their variability and often low amounts. Thus, we aimed to investigate the bioaccessibility of the main polyphenolic groups extracted from two poplar types of propolis collected in continental Croatia. The propolis complex, in the form of water-soluble powder of propolis extract with the carrier 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), was obtained by applying ultrasonic-assisted extraction followed by lyophilization. The in vitro gastrointestinal digestion was conducted on the propolis complex extracts and a mixture of standards (pinocembrin, galangin, chrysin, caffeic acid, and caffeic acid phenylethyl ester). Fractions from the oral, gastric, and intestinal phase samples were analyzed spectrophotometrically by standard methods used to determine the content of total phenols (TPs), flavonols/flavones (TFFs), and flavanones/dihydroflavonols (TFDs). The small-intestinal phase was performed by two models: centrifugation and dialysis. The results of propolis-HP-β-CD extracts demonstrated high polyphenolic bioaccessibility during all three phases of digestion. The bioaccessibility of TPs, TFFs, and TFDs after the intestinal phase with centrifugation was from 0.02 to 8.86 times higher than in the dialysis phase, stressing that it is a better model than dialysis. Our findings show that the inclusion complex of propolis with HP-β-CD enables the good solubility of polyphenol groups. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Propolis and Other Bee Products: Beneficial Effects on Health and Processing Technology)
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17 pages, 1560 KiB  
Article
Effects of Three Different Brazilian Green Propolis Extract Formulations on Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion by Macrophages
by Luana Gonçalves Zamarrenho, Mikhael Haruo Fernandes de Lima, Juliana Issa Hori, Jéssica Aparecida Lima, Sérgio Ricardo Ambrósio, Jairo Kenupp Bastos, David De Jong and Andresa Aparecida Berretta
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(10), 6247; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13106247 - 19 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2136
Abstract
Propolis is known for its immunomodulatory properties. We investigated the effects of three recently developed propolis extract formulations: polar propolis fraction (PPF), soluble propolis dry extract (PSDE), and microencapsulated propolis extract (MPE), and some of their components, on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production [...] Read more.
Propolis is known for its immunomodulatory properties. We investigated the effects of three recently developed propolis extract formulations: polar propolis fraction (PPF), soluble propolis dry extract (PSDE), and microencapsulated propolis extract (MPE), and some of their components, on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production in a macrophage model. Bone marrow cell-derived macrophages (BMDM) in cell culture were E. coli lipopolysaccharide (500 ng/mL) stimulated for two hours and subsequently incubated for 20 hours with one of the three propolis extract formulations (1, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 300 µg/mL) or with isolated propolis components (caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, artepillin C, or baccharin) (10, 25, 50 and 100 µg/mL) to determine how they affected secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10. PPF increased IL-6 and IL-10 levels. PSDE increased IL-6 and IL-10 at lower concentrations, while at higher concentrations it increased TNF-α and decreased IL-10. MPE increased IL-10. Caffeic acid and PPF increased both IL-6 and IL-10. Artepillin C and PSDE decreased IL-10. Baccharin and MPE increased IL-10. Baccharin also decreased IL-6. p-coumaric acid did not affect secretion of these cytokines. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production by the different propolis extracts differed; however, all three propolis extract formulations have potential as immunomodulatory agents in food supplement and pharmaceutical products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Propolis and Other Bee Products: Beneficial Effects on Health and Processing Technology)
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17 pages, 2513 KiB  
Article
A Modified Folin-Ciocalteu Assay for the Determination of Total Phenolics Content in Honey
by Ivan Lozada Lawag, Elisa S. Nolden, Arthur A. M. Schaper, Lee Yong Lim and Cornelia Locher
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(4), 2135; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13042135 - 07 Feb 2023
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 10657
Abstract
The Folin-Ciocalteu assay is a widely used method for measuring the total phenolic content (TPC) in honey, but it can be affected by the presence of reducing sugars in honey, which can lead to interference and an over-estimation of its TPC. To optimize [...] Read more.
The Folin-Ciocalteu assay is a widely used method for measuring the total phenolic content (TPC) in honey, but it can be affected by the presence of reducing sugars in honey, which can lead to interference and an over-estimation of its TPC. To optimize the Folin-Ciocalteu assay for honey analysis, the effect of pH on the assay was investigated. A number of pH scenarios were tested using different concentrations of Na2CO3 (0.00%, 0.75%, 0.94%, and 7.50%) in order to minimize reducing sugar interference and maximize the reaction of phenolics in the assay. The modified TPC method was then validated in accordance with current International Council on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. The findings of this study demonstrate that the traditional Folin-Ciocalteu assay (using 7.50% aqueous Na2CO3 solution, pH 10.8) leads to a significant overestimation of the TPC of honey due to the interference of reducing sugars. However, a pH of 7.9, achieved by using a 0.75% aqueous Na2CO3 solution, provides suitable conditions to account for most of the phenolic compounds without interference from reducing sugars. This finding was further confirmed by testing various sugar solutions and artificial honey which yielded TPC values below the established limit of detection and quantification of the assay. However, a slight increase in pH, even by a moderate deviation (pH 8.9), leads to significant discrepancies in absorbance readings, indicating that pH control is crucial for the accurate analysis of TPC in honey. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Propolis and Other Bee Products: Beneficial Effects on Health and Processing Technology)
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19 pages, 2446 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Potential of Brazilian Red Propolis Extracts: An Analysis of the Chemical Composition and Biological Properties
by Gabriele de Abreu Barreto, Jamile Costa Cerqueira, João Henrique de Oliveira Reis, Katharine Valéria Saraiva Hodel, Letícia Amaral Gama, Jeancarlo Pereira Anjos, Cintia Silva Minafra-Rezende, Luciana Nalone Andrade, Ricardo Guimarães Amaral, Cláudia do Ó. Pessoa, Maria Cláudia dos Santos Luciano, Josiane Dantas Viana Barbosa, Marcelo Andrés Umsza-Guez and Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(22), 11741; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211741 - 18 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2100
Abstract
The optimized extraction process of natural matrices such as propolis that results in extracts with significant compounds has been one of the main needs of the industry. The aim of this work was to analyze the content of the active components of Brazilian [...] Read more.
The optimized extraction process of natural matrices such as propolis that results in extracts with significant compounds has been one of the main needs of the industry. The aim of this work was to analyze the content of the active components of Brazilian red propolis extracts previously treated with ultrasound, as well as to evaluate in vitro their performance regarding antioxidant capacity and against bacteria and tumor cells. The results of the chromatographic analysis showed the influence of ultrasound treatment for higher yields of formononetin and kaempferol. However, just a higher content of these two components was not enough to interfere with higher concentrations of phenolic compounds and flavonoids among the extracts. The ten extracts obtained showed activity against two bacterial strains, and eight of them showed >70% cytotoxicity against five neoplastic cell lines. These results demonstrated the influence of ultrasound technology as a pretreatment in obtaining the ethanolic extracts of propolis, increasing the possibility of the applicability of Brazilian red propolis in different areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Propolis and Other Bee Products: Beneficial Effects on Health and Processing Technology)
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Other

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31 pages, 1799 KiB  
Systematic Review
Propolis as Natural Product in the Oral Cavity Bacterial Infections Treatment: A Systematic Review
by Michał Otręba, Łukasz Marek, Natalia Tyczyńska, Jerzy Stojko, Anna Kurek-Górecka, Michał Górecki, Paweł Olczyk and Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(19), 10123; https://doi.org/10.3390/app121910123 - 09 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2324
Abstract
The up-to-date records show that approximately 10% of people worldwide suffer from periodontal diseases and about 50% of adults have some sort of moderate oral cavity disease. Therefore, oral cavity diseases represent the group of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases in the [...] Read more.
The up-to-date records show that approximately 10% of people worldwide suffer from periodontal diseases and about 50% of adults have some sort of moderate oral cavity disease. Therefore, oral cavity diseases represent the group of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases in the world. Thus, novel, natural, safe, and effective methods of treatment need to be found. In this study, a systematic search was performed in PubMed and Google Scholar up to March 2022 to select research evaluating the activity of propolis against bacteria responsible for oral cavity diseases. Peer-reviewed journals in English containing information about the in vitro and in vivo studies were included in our research. We excluded the records without access, written in another language than English, thesis or book chapters, and review papers, and we rejected the texts when the authors did not write about the antibacterial activity. Collected results of the inhibition zone as well as average MIC and MBC values indicated that propolis exhibits antimicrobial activity against the strains of bacteria which cause, e.g., periodontitis, gingivitis, caries, subgingival plaque, supragingival plaque, recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAS), and pharyngitis. However, before propolis can be commonly used, more research is needed to fully understand its composition and antibacterial mechanism of action. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Propolis and Other Bee Products: Beneficial Effects on Health and Processing Technology)
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