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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Civil Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2024 | Viewed by 10674

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Prof. Angelo Luongo

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Department of Civil, Construction-Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Interests: continuum and structural mechanics; nonlinear dynamics; stability and bifurcation of dynamical systems; buckling and postbuckling of elastic structures; aeroelasticity; perturbation methods
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Dr. Simona Di Nino

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Guest Editor

Department of Civil, Construction-Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of L’Aquila, Piazzale Ernesto Pontieri, Monteluco di Roio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Interests: continuum and structural mechanics; nonlinear dynamics; stability and bifurcation of dynamical systems; masonry structures; damage; aeroelasticity; perturbation methods; homogenization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is dedicated to academic researchers who want to propose studies in the framework of deterministic and stochastic mechanics of solids and structures. The subject is of great interest in the field of Civil and Mechanical Engineering.

Innovative contributions for the analysis of the mechanical behavior of materials and structures, carried out by analytical, numerical and experimental investigations, even in the presence of multi-physics coupling, are welcome. The topics of structural rehabilitation, evaluation of the safety and durability of materials are also of interest.

Some of the themes considered for this Special Issue include, but are not limited, to the following:

Solid Mechanics: Continua, Damage, Contact, Multi-Physics Models;
Mechanics of Materials: Engineering Materials, Composites, Smart Materials, Biological Materials;
Structural Mechanics: Structural Models, Anelastic Structures, Engineering Devices; Environment–Structure Interactions, Reliability Optimization;
Computational Mechanics: Finite Element Methods, Asymptotic Methods, Homogenization;
Dynamics and Control: Linear and Nonlinear Dynamics, Wave Propagation, Seismic Dynamics, Stochastic Dynamics, Active and Passive Control;
Stability and Bifurcation: Buckling, Aeroelasticity;
Experimental Mechanics: Measures, Identification and Diagnostic, 3D Printing.

Prof. Angelo Luongo
Dr. Simona Di Nino
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

modeling
materials
structures
dynamics
control
monitoring
stability
stocastics
damage
analytical methods
computational methods
experimental methods

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 12386 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In-Plane Structural Analysis of Coated Masonry Walls via a Homogenized Model

by Simona Di Nino and Angelo Luongo

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(3), 1091; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14031091 - 27 Jan 2024

Viewed by 428

Abstract

An orthotropic homogenized model is used to investigate the in-plane elastic behavior of coated masonry walls. The homogenization process mainly consists of modeling the elementary cell of a three-layer medium by using suitable designed assemblies of in-parallel springs. On the basis of the latter, the stresses distributed between masonry and reinforcement coatings are analytically assessed after the determination of the average stress acting on the homogeneous medium. The precision of the theoretical outcomes is evaluated through comparisons with finite element (FE) models. Static and dynamic numerical analyses are carried out on both non-homogeneous and homogeneous FE models of sample systems. The homogeneous model is observed to adequately capture both the local and global behavior of reinforced masonry walls. Parametric analyses are also performed to investigate the effectiveness of reinforcement on the overall behavior of the system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Mechanics in Materials and Construction)

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20 pages, 17561 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evolution Mechanism of Interlayer Properties of CRTS III Slab Track during Construction

by Ji Wang, Liang Gao, Ludong Wang, Wenqiang Zhao, Ying Qin, Chen Hua and Yuanwei Li

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(2), 704; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14020704 - 14 Jan 2024

Viewed by 631

Abstract

The interlayer properties of the CRTS III slab track during construction directly affect its long-term service condition. This article introduces time-varying coefficients that characterize the early properties of the interface between track slab and SCC to improve the bilinear CZM. Based on this, an interlayer property evolution model of the CRTS III slab track during construction is established. The evolution mechanism of interlayer properties under complex loads and the influence mechanism of key parameters on them are revealed. The results show that after SCC pouring, the interlayer damage at the corner of the slab becomes a sensitive area due to the combined effects of SCC shrinkage and temperature gradients. Interlayer damage initially manifests at the corner of the slab before progressively spreading toward the center of the slab, influencing the composite performance and force transmission characteristics of the track structure. The interlayer bonding property, shrinkage performance of SCC, and construction temperature substantially affect interlayer damage evolution. To reduce the risk of damage, mineral admixtures and expansion agents can be added as additives to improve the bonding property and minimize shrinkage of SCC. Insulation measures should be taken for SCC during low-temperature construction, and SCC pouring construction below 0 °C and above 30 °C should be avoided. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Mechanics in Materials and Construction)

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17 pages, 16738 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Study on Macroscopic Mechanical Characteristics and Microscopic Pore Structure Evolution of Soil–Rock Mixture under Repeated Freeze–Thaw Cycles

by Hongwei Deng, Bokun Zhao, Yigai Xiao and Guanglin Tian

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(20), 11504; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132011504 - 20 Oct 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 759

Abstract

The response characteristics of the mesostructure and macro-characteristics of the soil–rock mixture under repeated freeze–thaw action have an important influence on the safety and stability of the dump slope in low-temperature environments. In order to further understand the multi-scale response behavior of a soil–rock mixture under freeze–thaw cycles, this paper carried out indoor freeze–thaw cycles, uniaxial compression, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests on a soil–rock mixture taken from a graphite mine dump in Jixi City, Heilongjiang Province, China. Combined with the simulation calculation of discrete element numerical software (PFC2D 7.0), the effects of freeze–thaw cycling on electrochemical impedance spectrometry (EIS) mesoscopic parameters, uniaxial compressive strength, and crack propagation of soil–rock mixtures were analyzed. The intrinsic relationship between mesoparameters and macroscopic mechanical properties was established. The results showed that as the number of freeze–thaw cycles increases from 0 to 15, the mesopores inside the soil–rock mixture gradually increase, and the angular similarity of distribution characteristics increases by 5.25%. The uniaxial compressive strength and the peak secant modulus increase exponentially with the increase in the number of freeze–thaw cycles, the uniaxial compressive strength decreases by 47.62%, and the peak secant modulus decreases by 75.87%. The peak strain and pore compaction stage showed an exponential increase and an increasing trend, respectively, and the peak strain increased from 2.115% to 4.608%. The failure mode was basically similar in different cycles; the failure cracks extended from the corners to the middle and lower parts before the failure finally occurred. The types of failure cracks were mainly tensile cracks, followed by tensile shear cracks and the fewest compression shear cracks. The similarity and uniaxial compressive strength conformed to a good linear relationship with the number of freeze–thaw cycles, with the uniaxial compressive strength decreasing linearly with the increase in similarity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Mechanics in Materials and Construction)

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16 pages, 4701 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Simulation Study on the Performance of Buried Pipelines under the Action of Faults

by Rulin Zhang, Chen Wang, Shuai Li, Jixin Zhang and Wenjing Liu

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(20), 11266; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132011266 - 13 Oct 2023

Viewed by 896

Abstract

The present paper investigates the mechanical behavior of buried steel pipelines crossing an active fault. Permanent ground deformation induced by an earthquake will cause serious damage to buried steel pipelines, resulting in buckling failure or even cracking damage to pipelines. Based on ABAQUS software, version 6.13., the model of an interacting soil–pipeline system is established, accounting for large strains and displacements and nonlinear material behavior, as well as contact and friction at the soil–pipeline interface. Numerical analysis is conducted through the incremental application of fault displacement. Combined with the force and deformation characteristics of buried pipelines, a strain-based design criterion is chosen to study the vertical displacement, axial compressive, and tensile strain of buried pipelines, etc. This paper focuses on the effects of horizontal fault displacement, fault type, and fault angle on the structural response of the pipe. The failure of the pipeline, such as wall wrinkling, local buckling, or rupture is identified. Furthermore, the effects of the pipeline internal pressure and pipe wall thickness are investigated. The results show that, when the pipeline depth is 1.5 m under the action of the fault, the buried pipeline will not be subject to beam buckling damage, and both tensile damage and shell buckling damage will occur. In this case, the critical displacement of the tensile failure is more than three times that of the shell buckling failure, which indicates that shell buckling damage is a greater threat to the pipeline. The pipeline is most susceptible to damage under the action of a strike-slip reverse fault. When the fault angle is equal to 45 degrees, the pipeline is more likely to be damaged, while it is relatively safe at a fault angle with 90 degrees. The results of this investigation can determine the fault displacement during pipeline failure and provide some reference for pipeline design. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Mechanics in Materials and Construction)

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18 pages, 4694 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Developing a Fuzzy Expert System for Diagnosing Chemical Deterioration in Reinforced Concrete Structures

by Atiye Farahani, Hosein Naderpour, Gerasimos Konstantakatos, Amir Tarighat, Reza Peymanfar and Panagiotis G. Asteris

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(18), 10372; https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810372 - 16 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 765

Abstract

The widespread application of reinforced concrete structures in different environmental conditions has underscored the need for effective maintenance and repair strategies. These structures offer numerous advantages, but are not impervious to the deleterious effects of chemical deterioration. The outcomes of this research hold significant implications for the management system of reinforced concrete structures. This study proposes the utilization of a fuzzy expert system as a means of enhancing the diagnosis of chemical deterioration in reinforced concrete structures that is a valuable tool for engineers and decision-makers involved in the maintenance and repair of these structures. The fuzzy expert system serves as an intelligent tool that can incorporate various symptoms of deterioration and inspection data to improve the accuracy and reliability of the diagnostic process. By integrating these inputs, the system evaluates 21 different data points, each representing a specific aspect of deterioration, on a scale ranging from 0 to 100. This numerical representation allows for a quantification of the level of deterioration, with 0 denoting minimal deterioration and 100 indicating severe deterioration. The effectiveness of the fuzzy expert system lies in its ability to process the vast amount of data and apply fuzzy operations on 352 fuzzy rules. These rules define the relationships between the inspection data, the type of deterioration, and its extent. Through this computational process, the fuzzy expert system can provide valuable insights into 10 distinct types of chemical deterioration, facilitating a more precise and comprehensive diagnosis. The implementation of the fuzzy expert system has the potential to revolutionize the field of diagnosing chemical deterioration in reinforced concrete structures. By addressing the limitations of traditional methods, this advanced approach can significantly improve the clarity and accuracy of the diagnostic process. The ability to obtain more precise information regarding the type and extent of deterioration is vital for developing effective maintenance and repair strategies. Ultimately, the fuzzy expert system holds great promise in enhancing the overall durability and performance of reinforced concrete structures in various environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Mechanics in Materials and Construction)

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20 pages, 7992 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Study on Vibration Characteristics of Biaxial Carbon/Glass Hybrid Wind Turbine Blades

by Xin Jiang, Yiming Jiang, Ke Zhao, Mingze Gao, Jiayi Sun, Lingfeng Fu, Shidong Wen and Xiaoping Gao

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(17), 9846; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13179846 - 31 Aug 2023

Viewed by 671

Abstract

Endeavor to investigate the effect of carbon/glass hybrid ratio on blade flutter vibration characteristics. Based on the theory of strength of materials, the influence of carbon/glass hybrid ratio on the tensile strength of the sample under concentrated load was analyzed experimentally. The 10 KW wind turbine blade model was taken as the research object, and different carbon/glass hybrid ratios (2:6, 4:4, and 6:2) were selected as the blade reinforcement materials. The blade vibration characteristics were analyzed from three aspects: deformation displacement, blade mode, and stress distribution. The results showed that the blade hybrid ratio was between 6:2 and 4:4, and the maximum improvement in tensile performance was achieved. The hybrid ratios of 4:4 and 6:2 significantly improved the deformation resistance of the blades and required a shorter time to reach equilibrium. The blade stress was mainly concentrated at 1/3 of the blade, which was one of the main reasons for the phenomenon of blade waving. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Mechanics in Materials and Construction)

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35 pages, 4429 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Shear Transfer Resistance with Different Interface Conditions: Evaluation of Design Provisions and Proposed Equation

by Hung Thanh Diep and Byung H. Choi

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(14), 8203; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13148203 - 14 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1118

Abstract

The design provisions in current codes for shear resistance of concrete-to-concrete interfaces exhibit significant differences. In this study, the accuracy of design provisions for interface shear resistance was evaluated and compared. From the literature search, a database of 458 push-off test results of interface shear resistance was created to evaluate the shear transfer provisions from the ACI 318-19, PCI Design Handbook, AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, CSA-S6, Eurocode 2, and Fib Model Code 2010. In addition, an equation was derived based on push-off test results collected from the literature to calculate the interface shear resistance for the monolithic uncracked interface. According to many analyses and evaluations of parameters affecting the interface shear resistance, the compressive strength of concrete played an important role, especially for the monolithic uncracked interface. Therefore, the compressive strength of concrete was included in the proposed equation to calculate the interface shear resistance in this study. It is expected that this equation can be applied more accurately than the existing design provisions when high-strength concrete is used. Statistical analyses were carried out for comparison with the existing design provisions to verify the applicability of the proposed equation. The results show that the proposed equation reasonably predicted the interface shear resistance for the monolithic uncracked interface. Appropriate conclusions were also drawn for the design provisions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Mechanics in Materials and Construction)

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11 pages, 379 KiB

Open AccessArticle

On Isospectral Composite Beams

by Alexandre Kawano and Antonino Morassi

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(13), 7606; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137606 - 27 Jun 2023

Viewed by 503

Abstract

We consider a composite system consisting of two identical straight elastic beams under longitudinal vibration connected by an elastic interface capable of counteracting the relative vibration of the two beams with its shearing stiffness. We construct examples of isospectral composite beams, i.e., countable one-parameter families of beams having different shearing stiffness but exactly the same eigenvalues under a given set of boundary conditions. The construction is explicit and is based on the reduction to a one-dimensional Sturm–Liouville eigenvalue problem and the application of a Darboux’s lemma. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Mechanics in Materials and Construction)

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35 pages, 14030 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hygro-Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Brick Masonry Walls Subjected to Environmental Actions

by Rafael Ramirez, Bahman Ghiassi, Paloma Pineda and Paulo B. Lourenço

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(7), 4514; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074514 - 02 Apr 2023

Viewed by 1663

Abstract

Masonry walls comprise an important part of the building envelope and, thus, are exposed to environmental effects such as temperature and moisture variations. However, structural assessment usually neglects the influence of these hygro-thermal loads and assumes ideal conditions. This paper presents a hygro-thermo-mechanical model and its application to simulate the impact of temperature- and moisture-related phenomena on the structural behavior of masonry walls. A fully coupled heat and mass transfer model is presented and a 2D finite element model is prepared to simulate the behavior of a brick masonry wall under various hygro-thermal scenarios. Two different mortars are considered: namely, cement mortar and natural hydraulic lime mortar. The results are evaluated in terms of temperature and moisture content distribution across the wall thickness. The hygro-thermal model is further extended to incorporate mechanical effects through the total strain additive decomposition principle. It is shown that the hygro-thermo-mechanical response of the brick masonry wall is a complex 2D phenomenon. Moreover, the environmental loads change the natural stress distribution caused by gravitational loads alone. Finally, the wall with cement mortar develops higher levels of stress when compared to the one with lime mortar, due to the dissimilar hygro-thermal behavior between the constituent materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Mechanics in Materials and Construction)

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12 pages, 4532 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Elastic Critical Lateral Buckling of Beams Subjected to Simultaneous Negative End Moments and Transverse Loads

by Xuan Tung Nguyen, Tri N. M. Nguyen, Kha Loc Nguyen, Ki-Yong Yoon, Sun-Hee Park and Jung J. Kim

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 778; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13020778 - 05 Jan 2023

Viewed by 1935

Abstract

This study presents a numerical investigation of the elastic critical lateral-torsional buckling of a steel beam subjected to simultaneous transverse loading at the top flange and negative end moments. Here, the elastic critical buckling of the steel beam was estimated by utilizing the finite element software ABAQUS. In addition, the influence of the length-to-height ratio was taken into account. Additionally, the predicted values for elastic critical buckling when applying existing design codes and a previous study were also analyzed and compared to the numerical results of the finite element analysis. The result of the comparison revealed that the projected values from the design codes and the study are conservative for the majority of cases and have a tendency to be too conservative when the length-to-height ratio increases. Furthermore, a new equation with a factor considering the influence of the length-to-height ratio and transverse loading on the top flange is proposed, and the proposed equation shows sufficient accuracy and less conservative values for most cases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structural Mechanics in Materials and Construction)

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