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Understanding the Metabolic and Molecular Networking of Antioxidants and ROS Homeostasis in Plants

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A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "ROS, RNS and RSS".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2023) | Viewed by 39441

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mohsin Tanveer

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1. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
2. Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
Interests: eco-physiology and climate change; experimental methodology development; nutrient metabolism and translocation in plants; plant productivity and sustainable agriculture; plant molecular physiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Zhong-Hua Chen

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School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
Interests: agricultural science; greenhouse horticulture; plant stress biology; evolutionary biology
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Prof. Dr. Yizhou Wang

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Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Interests: plant ion channels; plant stress physiology; crop abiotic stress-related gene function; plant cell signalling; guard cell modelling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Ricardo Aroca

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Department of Soil and Plant Microbiology, EEZ-CSIC (Estación Experimental del Zaidin-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), E-18100 Granada, Spain
Interests: abscisic acid; aquaporins; drought, ethylene; jasmonic acid; mycorrhizal fungi; salinity; soil bacteria; water relations
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

For many years, the concept “the higher antioxidant activity the better to plant” has dominated the literature. However, in recent years it has become apparent that plants actively produce ROS as signalling molecules to control numerous physiological processes such defence responses and cell death, cross tolerance, gravitropism, stomatal aperture, cell expansion and polar growth, hormone action and leaf and flower development. In many cases, production of ROS is genetically programmed, and superoxide and H₂O₂ are used as second messengers. A new concept of ‘oxidative signalling’ instead of ‘oxidative stress’ was proposed and the positive role of ROS has been reported both at physiological (e.g., regulation of ion channels activity; and genetics (e.g., control of gene expression levels. This has prompted a need to rethink the above “the more the better” concept and incorporate the signalling role of ROS and a redox state of the cell into the breeding programs aimed to improve biotic and abiotic stress tolerance.

Furthermore, the number of papers linking oxidative stress with stress conditions has increased exponentially over the next two decades. Also, giving reported increase in antioxidant activity in plants grown under saline conditions. It is hardly surprising that the idea of improving salinity stress tolerance by increased antioxidant production by exogenous applications of hormones, nutrients, and growth regulators is gaining momentum. However, many other reports question the validity of this approach, reporting no or a negative correlation between activity of antioxidant enzymes and plant salinity stress tolerance. The possible reasons for this discrepancy most likely lay in a fact that some ROS such as H₂O₂ play a very important signalling role in adaptive and developmental responses, so tempering with it may results in pleiotropic effects. It becomes increasingly evident that considerable variations exist in the production of antioxidants, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic, in response to stress in various plant tissues and at various time points. Hence, the inter-specific or intra-specific aspects of ROS production and scavenging should be considered. Last but not least, the diversity of known antioxidants should be accounted for.

For this Special Issue, we are ready to accept papers that can enhance our mechanistic understanding the diverse role of antioxidants in stress tolerance. Critical reviews and original research articles are also accepted that can address the potential role of breeding methods, growth regulators, hormones, proteins and signalling cascades in ROS scavenging system in plants.

Dr. Mohsin Tanveer
Prof. Dr. Zhong-Hua Chen
Prof. Dr. Yizhou Wang
Prof. Dr. Ricardo Aroca
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

plant biotic and abiotic stress
oxidative burst
plant nutrition and stress tolerance
plant diseases and antioxidant system
phenotypic vs genotypic response of ros scavenging
halophytes as key source of gene identification
biotechnology interventions

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19 pages, 5858 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Domestication-Driven Reshaping of Polyphenolic Antioxidants in Soybean Seeds

by Xuetong Li, Sujuan Li, Jian Wang, Guang Chen, Xiaoyuan Tao and Shengchun Xu

Antioxidants 2023, 12(4), 912; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040912 - 11 Apr 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1187

Abstract

Crop domestication has resulted in nutrient losses, so evaluating the reshaping of phytonutrients is crucial for improving nutrition. Soybean is an ideal model due to its abundant phytonutrients and wild relatives. In order to unravel the domestication consequence of phytonutrients, comparative and association analyses of metabolomes and antioxidant activities were performed on seeds of six wild (Glycine soja (Sieb. and Zucc.)) and six cultivated soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), we observed a greater metabolic diversity in wild soybeans, which also displayed higher antioxidant activities. (−)-Epicatechin, a potent antioxidant, displayed a 1750-fold greater abundance in wild soybeans than in cultivated soybeans. Multiple polyphenols in the catechin biosynthesis pathway were significantly higher in wild soybeans, including phlorizin, taxifolin, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, (+)-catechin, (−)-epiafzelechin, catechin–glucoside, and three proanthocyanidins. They showed significant positive correlations with each other and antioxidant activities, indicating their cooperative contribution to the high antioxidant activities of wild soybeans. Additionally, natural acylation related to functional properties was characterized in a diverse range of polyphenols. Our study reveals the comprehensive reprogramming of polyphenolic antioxidants during domestication, providing valuable insights for metabolism-assisted fortification of crop nutrition. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding the Metabolic and Molecular Networking of Antioxidants and ROS Homeostasis in Plants)

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23 pages, 3470 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Stomatal Responses of Two Drought-Tolerant Barley Varieties with Different ROS Regulation Strategies under Drought Conditions

by Xiachen Lv, Yihong Li, Rongjia Chen, Mengmeng Rui and Yizhou Wang

Antioxidants 2023, 12(4), 790; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040790 - 23 Mar 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1936

Abstract

Drought stress is a major obstacle to agricultural production. Stomata are central to efforts to improve photosynthesis and water use. They are targets for manipulation to improve both processes and the balance between them. An in-depth understanding of stomatal behavior and kinetics is important for improving photosynthesis and the WUE of crops. In this study, a drought stress pot experiment was performed, and a transcriptome analysis of the leaves of three contrasting, cultivated barley genotypes Lumley (Lum, drought-tolerant), Golden Promise (GP, drought-sensitive), and Tadmor (Tad, drought-tolerant), generated by high-throughput sequencing, were compared. Lum exhibited a different WUE at the leaf and whole-plant levels and had greater CO₂ assimilation, with a higher g_s under drought stress. Interestingly, Lum showed a slower stomatal closure in response to a light–dark transition and significant differences compared to Tad in stomatal response to the exogenous application of ABA, H₂O₂, and CaCl₂. A transcriptome analysis revealed that 24 ROS-related genes were indeed involved in drought response regulation, and impaired ABA-induced ROS accumulation in Lum was identified using ROS and antioxidant capacity measurements. We conclude that different stomatal ROS responses affect stomatal closure in barley, demonstrating different drought regulation strategies. These results provide valuable insight into the physiological and molecular basis of stomatal behavior and drought tolerance in barley. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding the Metabolic and Molecular Networking of Antioxidants and ROS Homeostasis in Plants)

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12 pages, 3133 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Investigation of the Impact of Toxicity of Metals on Oxygen-Evolving Complex in Spinacia oleracea

by Rafia Azmat, Ailyan Saleem, Waseem Ahmed, Abdul Qayyum, Hamed A. El-Serehy and Sajid Ali

Antioxidants 2022, 11(9), 1802; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091802 - 13 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1293

Abstract

The current article reported the investigation of metal toxicity on the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) in Spinacia oleracea related to depletion in chloride ion concentration, an essential part of the photosystem (II). The greenhouse experiment was conducted where S. oleracea was cultivated in three replicates with control plants (plants “a”) treated with tap water. Moreover, 30 ppm of Cu²⁺ ion solution and Pb²⁺ ion solution was used to irrigate the rest of the plants, labeled as plants “b” and “c”, respectively, on alternative days. Advanced technologies such as Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and UV-visible Spectrophotometry were used to monitor the essential nutrients in leaves to validate the function of the photosystem (I and II). Reduced Cl⁻ ions contents showed that both metals (Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺) altered the essential elements of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem (II), required to maintain the coordination structure of the Mn₄CaO₅ cluster. SEM analysis revealed the modified leaf structure of the S. oleracea under Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ accumulation due to which distorted cellular structure, reduced surface area, and the (shattered) stomatal opening compared to the plants “a” were observed. The EDS analysis of plants “b” and “c” showed high oxygen contents followed by reduced chloride contents over plants “a”, reflecting the infirmity of OEC to push out oxygen, which leads to generating oxidative stress. The lower pigment concentration in leaves of metal-contaminated plants “b” and “c” impacts carbon assimilation, which is linked to the reduced stomatal opening and influences the gaseous exchange rates. Additionally, increased contents of K⁺ and Ca²⁺ may be due to self-defense mechanisms under low chloride contents to speed up oxygen evolution to protect plants against oxidative stress. It was concluded that Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ metal toxicity influences essential Cl⁻ and K⁺ contents, which modify the photosystem II system; subsequently, a reduced growth rate was observed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding the Metabolic and Molecular Networking of Antioxidants and ROS Homeostasis in Plants)

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14 pages, 1911 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Chitooligosaccharide Maintained Cell Membrane Integrity by Regulating Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis at Wounds of Potato Tubers during Healing

by Pengdong Xie, Yangyang Yang, Di Gong, Lirong Yu, Ye Han, Yuanyuan Zong, Yongcai Li, Dov Prusky and Yang Bi

Antioxidants 2022, 11(9), 1791; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091791 - 10 Sep 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1474

Abstract

Chitooligosaccharide (COS) is a degradation product of chitosan. Although COS increased fruit resistance by regulating the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS), few reports are available on whether COS regulates ROS homeostasis at wounds of potato tubers during healing. In this study, COS increased gene expression and activities of NADPH oxidase and superoxide dismutase, and promoted the generation of O₂^●− and H₂O₂. Moreover, COS increased gene expression and activities of catalase, peroxidase, and AsA–GSH cycle-related enzymes, as well as the levels of ascorbic acid and glutathione levels. In addition, COS elevated the scavenging ability of DPPH, ABTS⁺, and FRAP, and reduced cell membrane permeability and malondialdehyde content. Taken together, COS could maintain cell membrane integrity by eliminating excessive H₂O₂ and improving the antioxidant capacity in vitro, which contributes to the maintainance of cell membrane integrity at wounds of potato tubers during healing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding the Metabolic and Molecular Networking of Antioxidants and ROS Homeostasis in Plants)

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19 pages, 3198 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Physiological and Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Mechanism by Which Exogenous 24-Epibrassinolide Application Enhances Drought Resistance in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

by Hao Zheng, Jie Ma, Wenli Huang, Hongmei Di, Xue Xia, Wei Ma, Jun Ma, Jiao Yang, Xiaomei Li, Huashan Lian, Zhi Huang, Yi Tang, Yangxia Zheng, Huanxiu Li, Fen Zhang and Bo Sun

Antioxidants 2022, 11(9), 1701; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091701 - 30 Aug 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2045

Abstract

Drought stress is a key factor limiting the growth and tuber yield of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Brassinosteroids (BRs) have been shown to alleviate drought stress in several plant species; however, little is known about the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which BRs enhance drought resistance in potatoes. Here, we characterized changes in the physiology and transcriptome of the tetraploid potato variety ‘Xuanshu-2′ in response to drought stress after 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) pretreatment. The abscisic acid (ABA) content, photosynthetic capacity, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were increased; the intercellular CO₂ concentration, relative conductivity, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, proline, and soluble sugar content were decreased after EBR pretreatment compared with plants under drought stress. Transcriptome analysis revealed 1330 differently expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the response to drought stress after EBR pretreatment. DEGs were enriched in plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, circadian rhythm, flavonoid biosynthesis, and carotenoid biosynthesis. DEGs associated with the BR signaling and biosynthesis pathways, as well as ABA metabolic pathways were identified. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms by which BRs enhance the drought resistance of potatoes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding the Metabolic and Molecular Networking of Antioxidants and ROS Homeostasis in Plants)

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14 pages, 2822 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Functional Characterization of Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase, a Pivotal Gene in Antioxidant Melatonin Biosynthesis from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

by Ok-Jin Hwang and Kyoungwhan Back

Antioxidants 2022, 11(8), 1531; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11081531 - 05 Aug 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1704

Abstract

Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) is a pivotal enzyme in melatonin biosynthesis that catalyzes the conversion of serotonin to N-acetylserotonin. Homologs of animal AANAT genes are present in animals, but not in plants. An AANAT homolog was found in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, but not other green algae. The characteristics of C. reinhardtii AANAT (CrAANAT) are unclear. Here, full-length CrAANAT was chemically synthesized and expressed in Escherichia coli. Recombinant CrAANAT exhibited AANAT activity with a K_m of 247 μM and V_max of 325 pmol/min/mg protein with serotonin as the substrate. CrAANAT was localized to the cytoplasm in tobacco leaf cells. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing CrAANAT (CrAANAT-OE) exhibited increased melatonin production. CrAANAT-OE plants showed a longer seed length and larger second leaf angle than wild-type plants, indicative of the involvement of brassinosteroids (BRs). As expected, BR biosynthesis- and signaling-related genes such as D2, DWARF4, DWARF11, and BZR1 were upregulated in CrAANAT-OE plants. Therefore, an increased endogenous melatonin level by ectopic overexpression of CrAANAT seems to be closely associated with BR biosynthesis, thereby influencing seed size. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding the Metabolic and Molecular Networking of Antioxidants and ROS Homeostasis in Plants)

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24 pages, 6205 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Chemical Profiling, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activity of Saudi Propolis Collected by Arabian Honey Bee (Apis mellifera jemenitica) Colonies

by Wed Mohammed Ali ALaerjani, Khalid Ali Khan, Badria M. Al-Shehri, Hamed A. Ghramh, Ajaz Hussain, Mohammed Elimam Ahamed Mohammed, Muhammad Imran, Irfan Ahmad, Saboor Ahmad and Abdulrhman S. Al-Awadi

Antioxidants 2022, 11(7), 1413; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11071413 - 21 Jul 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2379

Abstract

Propolis (bee glue) is a complex, phyto-based resinous material obtained from beehives. Its chemical and biological properties vary with respect to bee species, type of plants, geographical location, and climate of a particular area. This study was planned with the aim of determining the chemical composition and to investigate various properties (against oxidants and microbes) of different extracts of Saudi propolis collected from Arabian honey bee (Apis mellifera jemenitica) colonies headed by young queens. Chemical analysis of propolis extracts with different solvents, i.e., ethyl acetate (Eac), methanol (Met), butanol (BuT), and hexane (Hex) was done through colorimetry for the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) evaluation. For separation and extensive characterization of the Met extract, chromatography and ¹H NMR were deployed. Six different microorganisms were selected to analyze the Saudi-propolis-based extract’s antimicrobial nature by measuring zones of inhibition (ZOI) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Molecular docking was done by utilizing AutodDock, and sketching of ligands was performed through Marvin Chem Sketch (MCS), and the resultant data after 2D and 3D clean were stored in .mol format. The highest TFC (96.65 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g of propolis) and TPC (325 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of propolis) were noted for Met. Six familiar compounds were isolated, and recognition was done with NMR. Met extract showed the greatest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP). Met showed max microbial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ZOI = 18.67 mm, MIC = 0.625 mg/mL), whereas the minimum was observed in Hex against E. coli (ZOI = 6.33 mm, MIC = 2.50 mg/mL). Furthermore, the molecular docking process established the biological activity of separated compounds against HCK (Hematopoietic cell kinase) and Gyrase B of S. aureus. Moreover, the stability of protein–ligand complexes was further established through molecular dynamic simulation studies, which showed that the receptor–ligand complexes were quite stable. Results of this research will pave the way for further consolidated analysis of propolis obtained from Arabian honey bees (A. m. jemenitica). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding the Metabolic and Molecular Networking of Antioxidants and ROS Homeostasis in Plants)

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48 pages, 20943 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Capsicum Leaves under Stress: Using Multi-Omics Analysis to Detect Abiotic Stress Network of Secondary Metabolism in Two Species

by Julia Jessica Reimer, Basel Shaaban, Noud Drummen, Sruthy Sanjeev Ambady, Franziska Genzel, Gernot Poschet, Anika Wiese-Klinkenberg, Björn Usadel and Alexandra Wormit

Antioxidants 2022, 11(4), 671; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11040671 - 30 Mar 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2940

Abstract

The plant kingdom contains an enormous diversity of bioactive compounds which regulate plant growth and defends against biotic and abiotic stress. Some of these compounds, like flavonoids, have properties which are health supporting and relevant for industrial use. Many of these valuable compounds are synthesized in various pepper (Capsicum sp.) tissues. Further, a huge amount of biomass residual remains from pepper production after harvest, which provides an important opportunity to extract these metabolites and optimize the utilization of crops. Moreover, abiotic stresses induce the synthesis of such metabolites as a defense mechanism. Two different Capsicum species were therefore exposed to chilling temperature (24/18 ℃ vs. 18/12 ℃), to salinity (200 mM NaCl), or a combination thereof for 1, 7 and 14 days to investigate the effect of these stresses on the metabolome and transcriptome profiles of their leaves. Both profiles in both species responded to all stresses with an increase over time. All stresses resulted in repression of photosynthesis genes. Stress involving chilling temperature induced secondary metabolism whereas stresses involving salt repressed cell wall modification and solute transport. The metabolome analysis annotated putatively many health stimulating flavonoids (apigetrin, rutin, kaempferol, luteolin and quercetin) in the Capsicum biomass residuals, which were induced in response to salinity, chilling temperature or a combination thereof, and supported by related structural genes of the secondary metabolism in the network analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding the Metabolic and Molecular Networking of Antioxidants and ROS Homeostasis in Plants)

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23 pages, 9241 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characterization of SOD and GPX Gene Families in the Soybeans in Response to Drought and Salinity Stresses

by Muqadas Aleem, Saba Aleem, Iram Sharif, Zhiyi Wu, Maida Aleem, Ammara Tahir, Rana Muhammad Atif, Hafiza Masooma Naseer Cheema, Amir Shakeel, Sun Lei, Deyue Yu, Hui Wang, Prashant Kaushik, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Javaid Akhter Bhat and Parvaiz Ahmad

Antioxidants 2022, 11(3), 460; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11030460 - 25 Feb 2022

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3620

Abstract

Plant stresses causing accumulation of reactive oxidative species (ROS) are scavenged by effective antioxidant defense systems. Therefore, the present study performed genome-wide identification of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) gene families in cultivated and wild soybeans, and 11 other legume species. We identified a total of 101 and 95 genes of SOD and GPX, respectively, across thirteen legume species. The highest numbers of SODs and GPXs were identified in cultivated (Glycine max) and wild (Glycine soja). A comparative phylogenetic study revealed highest homology among the SODs and GPXs of cultivated and wild soybeans relative to other legumes. The exon/intron structure, motif and synteny blocks were conserved in both soybean species. According to Ka/Ks, purifying the selection played the major evolutionary role in these gene families, and segmental duplication are major driving force for SODs and GPXs expansion. In addition, the qRT-PCR analysis of the G. max and G. soja SOD and GPX genes revealed significant differential expression of these genes in response to oxidative, drought and salinity stresses in root tissue. In conclusion, our study provides new insights for the evolution of SOD and GPX gene families in legumes, and provides resources for further functional characterization of these genes for multiple stresses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding the Metabolic and Molecular Networking of Antioxidants and ROS Homeostasis in Plants)

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14 pages, 1761 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A J-Protein OsDjC46 Interacts with ZFP36 to Participate in ABA-Mediated Antioxidant Defense in Rice

by Xingxiu Huang, Liping Huang, Xixi Zhao, Jing Jia, Gang Zhang, Mengyao Zhang and Mingyi Jiang

Antioxidants 2022, 11(2), 207; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020207 - 22 Jan 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2207

Abstract

ZFP36 has been shown to be involved in ABA-induced antioxidant defense and enhance rice tolerance to drought, salt stress and oxidative stress. Using ZFP36 as bait, a yeast two-hybrid system was used to obtain the interacting protein OsDjC46, which belongs to heat shock protein and usually exists in the form of molecular chaperone, was identified. Further Co-IP (co-immunoprecipitation), BiFC (bimolecular fluorescence complement) and GST (glutathione-S-transferase) pull-down experiments verified that ZFP36 interacted with OsDjC46 in vivo and in vitro. Heat shock protein has been shown to increase plant resistance to stresses, but whether OsDjC46 was a key factor in plant response to various stresses has not been reported. Here, various stimuli, such as abscisic acid (ABA), hydrogen peroxidase (H₂O₂), polyethylene (PEG) and sodium chloride (NaCl) markedly induced the expression of OsDjC46 in the seedlings. Overexpression of OsDjC46 in rice can enhance the tolerance to salinity and drought; in contrast, knockout of OsDjC46 rice plants was more sensitive to salt stress and drought. Further investigation revealed that OsDjC46 could participate in regulating the expression and activities of antioxidant of SOD and CAT under drought and salt stress. Taken together, these findings reveal a novel function of OsDjC46 in adjusting ABA-induced antioxidant defense. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding the Metabolic and Molecular Networking of Antioxidants and ROS Homeostasis in Plants)

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23 pages, 2120 KiB

Open AccessReview

Review of the Mechanisms by Which Transcription Factors and Exogenous Substances Regulate ROS Metabolism under Abiotic Stress

by Peng Liu, Xiaolei Wu, Binbin Gong, Guiyun Lü, Jingrui Li and Hongbo Gao

Antioxidants 2022, 11(11), 2106; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112106 - 25 Oct 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2017

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signaling molecules that regulate many biological processes in plants. However, excess ROS induced by biotic and abiotic stresses can destroy biological macromolecules and cause oxidative damage to plants. As the global environment continues to deteriorate, plants inevitably experience abiotic stress. Therefore, in-depth exploration of ROS metabolism and an improved understanding of its regulatory mechanisms are of great importance for regulating cultivated plant growth and developing cultivars that are resilient to abiotic stresses. This review presents current research on the generation and scavenging of ROS in plants and summarizes recent progress in elucidating transcription factor-mediated regulation of ROS metabolism. Most importantly, the effects of applying exogenous substances on ROS metabolism and the potential regulatory mechanisms at play under abiotic stress are summarized. Given the important role of ROS in plants and other organisms, our findings provide insights for optimizing cultivation patterns and for improving plant stress tolerance and growth regulation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding the Metabolic and Molecular Networking of Antioxidants and ROS Homeostasis in Plants)

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23 pages, 3125 KiB

Open AccessReview

Molecular Regulation and Evolution of Redox Homeostasis in Photosynthetic Machinery

by Adeel Riaz, Fenglin Deng, Guang Chen, Wei Jiang, Qingfeng Zheng, Bisma Riaz, Michelle Mak, Fanrong Zeng and Zhong-Hua Chen

Antioxidants 2022, 11(11), 2085; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112085 - 22 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2205

Abstract

The recent advances in plant biology have significantly improved our understanding of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as signaling molecules in the redox regulation of complex cellular processes. In plants, free radicals and non-radicals are prevalent intra- and inter-cellular ROS, catalyzing complex metabolic processes such as photosynthesis. Photosynthesis homeostasis is maintained by thiol-based systems and antioxidative enzymes, which belong to some of the evolutionarily conserved protein families. The molecular and biological functions of redox regulation in photosynthesis are usually to balance the electron transport chain, photosystem II, photosystem I, mesophyll and bundle sheath signaling, and photo-protection regulating plant growth and productivity. Here, we review the recent progress of ROS signaling in photosynthesis. We present a comprehensive comparative bioinformatic analysis of redox regulation in evolutionary distinct photosynthetic cells. Gene expression, phylogenies, sequence alignments, and 3D protein structures in representative algal and plant species revealed conserved key features including functional domains catalyzing oxidation and reduction reactions. We then discuss the antioxidant-related ROS signaling and important pathways for achieving homeostasis of photosynthesis. Finally, we highlight the importance of plant responses to stress cues and genetic manipulation of disturbed redox status for balanced and enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and plant productivity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding the Metabolic and Molecular Networking of Antioxidants and ROS Homeostasis in Plants)

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14 pages, 1418 KiB

Open AccessReview

Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants: From Source to Sink

by Sheikh Mansoor, Owais Ali Wani, Jafar K. Lone, Sweeta Manhas, Navneet Kour, Pravej Alam, Ajaz Ahmad and Parvaiz Ahmad

Antioxidants 2022, 11(2), 225; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020225 - 25 Jan 2022

Cited by 203 | Viewed by 12439

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS, partial reduction or derivatives of free radicals) are highly reactive, dangerous and can cause oxidative cell death. In addition to their role as toxic by-products of aerobic metabolism, ROS play a role in the control and regulation of biological processes such as growth, the cell cycle, programmed cell death, hormone signaling, biotic and abiotic stress reactions and development. ROS always arise in plants as a by-product of several metabolic processes that are located in different cell compartments, or as a result of the inevitable escape of electrons to oxygen from the electron transport activities of chloroplasts, mitochondria and plasma membranes. These reactive species are formed in chloroplasts, mitochondria, plasma membranes, peroxisomes, apoplasts, the endoplasmic reticulum and cell walls. The action of many non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants present in tissues is required for efficient scavenging of ROS generated during various environmental stressors. The current review provides an in-depth look at the fate of ROS in plants, a beneficial role in managing stress and other irregularities. The production sites are also explained with their negative effects. In addition, the biochemical properties and sources of ROS generation, capture systems, the influence of ROS on cell biochemistry and the crosstalk of ROS with other signaling molecules/pathways are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding the Metabolic and Molecular Networking of Antioxidants and ROS Homeostasis in Plants)

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