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Antioxidants
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Agri-Food Wastes as Natural Source of Bioactive Antioxidants II
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Agri-Food Wastes as Natural Source of Bioactive Antioxidants II

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural and Synthetic Antioxidants".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 14449

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Silvana Hrelia

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Guest Editor
Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
Interests: cellular biochemistry; nutritional biochemistry; oxidative stress; antioxidants; nutraceuticals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Cristina Angeloni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
Interests: nutritional biochemistry; neurodegenerative diseases; oxidative stress; inflammation; nutraceuticals; ageing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Maria Cristina Barbalace

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Interests: cellular biochemistry; nutraceuticals; neurodegeneration; oxidative stress; inflammation; antioxidants
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, agricultural activities have intensified massively to respond to the increasing demand for food that accompanies the constant growth of the population and consumption. The agri-food industry is currently emission-intensive and inefficient, with data indicating annual waste production of approximately 30-40%. The treatment of these wastes is compulsory, as their microbial decomposition could be associated with some potential risks to the environment. Agri-food by-products are usually rich in natural bioactive compounds and have a complex composition consisting of polysaccharides, proteins, carbohydrates, polyphenolic constituents, etc. These properties make them a precious renewable natural resource with potential use in the food, feed, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, or for the production of fuel, nutraceuticals, and a wide range of chemicals. Furthermore, agri-food wastes are cheap, easy to access, environmentally friendly, and sustainable. The effective recovery of this waste requires the development of innovative extraction methods that could increase extraction yields and decrease extraction times and solvent consumption.

As volume 1 of the Special Issue entitled “Agri-Food Wastes as Natural Source of Bioactive Antioxidants" has been successful, we will be exploring this issue further in Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921, IF 7.665, JCR Category Q1). In this second Special Issue, we aim to collect research papers and reviews regarding this multifaceted topic that remains largely unexplored to identify new potential applications for these agri-food wastes. In particular, the Special Issue will collect papers regarding the in vitro and in vivo bioactivity of antioxidant compounds from agri-food by-products, considering the different green extraction techniques used to obtain them from waste biomasses and emphasizing their ability to modulate the complex signaling crosstalk underpinning chronic/degenerative disease development and progression.

Prof. Dr. Silvana Hrelia
Dr. Cristina Angeloni
Dr. Maria Cristina Barbalace
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

19 pages, 5079 KiB  
Article
Determining Antioxidant Activity of Cannabis Leaves Extracts from Different Varieties—Unveiling Nature’s Treasure Trove
by Anna Stasiłowicz-Krzemień, Szymon Sip, Piotr Szulc and Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
Antioxidants 2023, 12(7), 1390; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12071390 - 06 Jul 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4089
Abstract
Cannabis leaves contain a diverse range of antioxidants, including cannabinoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, which offer significant health benefits. Utilising cannabis leaves as a source of antioxidants presents a cost-effective approach because they are typically discarded during the cultivation of cannabis plants for [...] Read more.
Cannabis leaves contain a diverse range of antioxidants, including cannabinoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, which offer significant health benefits. Utilising cannabis leaves as a source of antioxidants presents a cost-effective approach because they are typically discarded during the cultivation of cannabis plants for their seeds or fibres. Therefore, this presented study aimed to assess the antioxidant activity of the leaves of selected hemp cultivars, such as Białobrzeska, Tygra, and Henola, based on the results obtained with the 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, ferric reducing antioxidant power, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assays. The cannabinoid profile was analysed for the antioxidant activity to the contents of cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), and cannabichromene (CBC), determined based on chromatographic assays. The following variables were tested: the impact of various extractants (methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol), and their mixtures (50:50, v/v, as well as extraction methods (maceration and ultra-sound-assisted extraction) significant in obtaining hemp extracts characterised by different cannabinoid profiles. The results revealed that the selection of extractant and extraction conditions significantly influenced the active compounds’ extraction efficiency and antioxidant activity. Among the tested conditions, ultrasound-assisted extraction using methanol yielded the highest cannabinoid profile: CBD = 184.51 ± 5.61; CBG = 6.10 ± 0.21; Δ9-THC = 0.51 ± 0.01; and CBC = 0.71 ± 0.01 μg/g antioxidant potential in Białobrzeska leaf extracts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Agri-Food Wastes as Natural Source of Bioactive Antioxidants II)
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23 pages, 4240 KiB  
Article
By-Product Extracts from Castanea sativa Counteract Hallmarks of Neuroinflammation in a Microglial Model
by Pasquale Marrazzo, Manuela Mandrone, Ilaria Chiocchio, Laura Zambonin, Maria Cristina Barbalace, Chiara Zalambani, Cristina Angeloni, Marco Malaguti, Cecilia Prata, Ferruccio Poli, Diana Fiorentini and Silvana Hrelia
Antioxidants 2023, 12(4), 808; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040808 - 26 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1753
Abstract
Castanea sativa is very common in Italy, and the large amount of waste material generated during chestnut processing has a high environmental impact. Several studies demonstrated that chestnut by-products are a good source of bioactive compounds, mainly endowed with antioxidant properties. This study [...] Read more.
Castanea sativa is very common in Italy, and the large amount of waste material generated during chestnut processing has a high environmental impact. Several studies demonstrated that chestnut by-products are a good source of bioactive compounds, mainly endowed with antioxidant properties. This study further investigates the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of chestnut leaf and spiny bur extracts, together with the deepest phytochemical characterisation (by NMR and MS) of active biomolecules contained in leaf extracts, which resulted in being more effective than spiny bur ones. BV-2 microglial cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used as a model of neuroinflammation. In BV-2 cells pre-treated with chestnut extracts, LPS signalling is partially blocked via the reduced expression of TLR4 and CD14 as well as the expression of LPS-induced inflammatory markers. Leaf extract fractions revealed the presence of specific flavonoids, such as isorhamnetin glucoside, astragalin, myricitrin, kaempferol 3-rhamnosyl (1-6)(2″-trans-p-coumaroyl)hexoside, tiliroside and unsaturated fatty acids, all of which could be responsible for the observed anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Interestingly, the kaempferol derivative has been identified in chestnut for the first time. In conclusion, the exploitation of chestnut by-products is suitable for the achievement of two goals: satisfaction of consumers’ demand for new, natural bio-active compounds and valorisation of by-products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Agri-Food Wastes as Natural Source of Bioactive Antioxidants II)
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14 pages, 2272 KiB  
Article
Stillage Waste from Strawberry Spirit Production as a Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Potential
by Carmela Spagnuolo, Federica Moccia, Idolo Tedesco, Eva Adabbo, Lucia Panzella, Gian Luigi Russo and Alessandra Napolitano
Antioxidants 2023, 12(2), 421; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020421 - 09 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1618
Abstract
The production of fruit distillates generates solid residues which are potentially rich in bioactive compounds worthy of valorization and exploitation. We report herein the in vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of an extract obtained from the waste of fermented strawberry distillate production. The [...] Read more.
The production of fruit distillates generates solid residues which are potentially rich in bioactive compounds worthy of valorization and exploitation. We report herein the in vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of an extract obtained from the waste of fermented strawberry distillate production. The main low molecular weight phenolic components of the extract were identified as ellagic acid and p-coumaric acid using spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis. The extract exhibited high antioxidant properties, particularly in the ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, and a high total phenolic content (TPC). It was also able to induce an antiproliferative effect on different human cancer cell lines. A strong decrease in viability in human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells through a rapid and massive apoptosis were observed. Moreover, at an early time (<30 min), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inactivation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway were detected. Notably, the antiproliferative activity of the sample was comparable to that observed with an analogous extract prepared from unfermented, fresh strawberries. These results bring new opportunities for the valorization of fruit distillery by-products as low-cost resources for the design of bioactive formulations of comparable value to that from fresh food. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Agri-Food Wastes as Natural Source of Bioactive Antioxidants II)
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15 pages, 1553 KiB  
Article
Protective Effect of Treated Olive Mill Wastewater on Target Bacteria and Mitochondrial Voltage-Dependent Anion-Selective Channel 1
by Paola Foti, Stefano Conti-Nibali, Cinzia L. Randazzo, Simona Reina, Flora V. Romeo, Cinzia Caggia and Vito De Pinto
Antioxidants 2023, 12(2), 322; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020322 - 30 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1160
Abstract
Olive mill wastewater, a by-product of the olive oil industry, represents an important resource, rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity. In this study, two strategies to concentrate the bioactive components were used: the tangential membrane filtration (ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis) and the [...] Read more.
Olive mill wastewater, a by-product of the olive oil industry, represents an important resource, rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity. In this study, two strategies to concentrate the bioactive components were used: the tangential membrane filtration (ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis) and the selective resin extraction. The concentrates were evaluated for physico-chemical characteristics and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity and the effect on the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion selective channel 1 were evaluated. The chemical results highlighted that the highest concentration of hydroxytyrosol (as 7204 mg/L) was revealed in the sample obtained by inverse osmosis while the highest concentration of oleuropein (10005 mg/L) was detected in the sample obtained by resin extraction. The latter sample exhibited the highest antimicrobial effects against Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Both samples exhibited a high impact on the electrophysiological parameters of VDAC1 activity. These results showed that both valorization techniques, which can be reproduced at industrial scale, provided phenolic concentrates with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity useful for different future perspectives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Agri-Food Wastes as Natural Source of Bioactive Antioxidants II)
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18 pages, 2934 KiB  
Article
Dietary Supplement of Grape Wastes Enhances Honeybee Immune System and Reduces Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) Load
by Guillermo Pascual, Diego Silva, Marisol Vargas, Mario Aranda, Juan Antonio Cañumir and María Dolores López
Antioxidants 2023, 12(1), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010054 - 27 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1736
Abstract
Ingredients rich in phenolic compounds and antioxidants of winemaking wastes, which play an important role in the prevention of various diseases and the control of viruses, are being explored. Currently, there is a concern about honeybee population loss, with deformed wing virus (DWV) [...] Read more.
Ingredients rich in phenolic compounds and antioxidants of winemaking wastes, which play an important role in the prevention of various diseases and the control of viruses, are being explored. Currently, there is a concern about honeybee population loss, with deformed wing virus (DWV) being the most common virus infecting apiaries and one of the main causes of honeybee decline. Hence, the effect of grape pomace powder (GPP) as a dietary supplement to enhance the immune system of honeybees affected by DWV was evaluated. The characteristics of the ingredient GPP, obtained by spray-drying, revealed a high anthocyanin content (1102.45 mg 100 g−1), and it was applied at doses of 0.5, 1, 2.5 and 5% as a dietary supplement for bees infected by DWV. The results showed that the GPP treatments strengthened the immune response of honeybees against DWV. Moreover, the expression of the Relish gene was significantly higher in bees fed with GPP compared to the infected control. This study, which is framed in the search of food waste valorization for environmental sustainability, proves the feasibility of using grape wastes as dietary supplements for pollinators, and provides knowledge of the influence of polyphenols on the expression profiles of immune-related genes in honeybees. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Agri-Food Wastes as Natural Source of Bioactive Antioxidants II)
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Review

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27 pages, 735 KiB  
Review
Food Wastes and Microalgae as Sources of Bioactive Compounds and Pigments in a Modern Biorefinery: A Review
by Rodrigo Martins, Hélia Sales, Rita Pontes, João Nunes and Isabel Gouveia
Antioxidants 2023, 12(2), 328; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020328 - 31 Jan 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3373
Abstract
The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has created more pressure on countries and society at large for the development of alternative solutions for synthetic and fossil fuel derived products, thus mitigating climate change and environmental hazards. Food wastes and microalgae have [...] Read more.
The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has created more pressure on countries and society at large for the development of alternative solutions for synthetic and fossil fuel derived products, thus mitigating climate change and environmental hazards. Food wastes and microalgae have been studied for decades as potential sources of several compounds that could be employed in various fields of application from pharmaceutical to textile and packaging. Although multiple research efforts have been put towards extracting rich compounds (i.e., phenolic compounds, tocopherols, and tocotrienols) from these sources, they still remain overlooked as two major sources of bioactive compounds and pigments, mainly due to inefficient extraction processes. Hence, there is a growing need for the development of optimized extraction methods while employing non-organic solvent options following the main principles of green chemistry. This review will focus on delivering a clear and deep analysis on the existing procedures for obtaining bioactive compounds and pigments from food wastes derived from the most consumed and produced fruit crops in the world such as apples, oranges, cherries, almonds, and mangoes, and microalgal biomass, while giving light to the existing drawbacks in need to be solved in order to take full advantage of the rich properties present in these two major biorefinery sources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Agri-Food Wastes as Natural Source of Bioactive Antioxidants II)
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