Antioxidants

Editorial

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4 pages, 208 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Dietary Antioxidants and Chronic Diseases

by Małgorzata Elżbieta Zujko and Anna Maria Witkowska

Antioxidants 2023, 12(2), 362; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020362 - 02 Feb 2023

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1397

Abstract

Chronic diseases, most notably diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, thyroid diseases, and allergic diseases are major causes of death, disability, and a lower quality of life in various populations [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Antioxidants and Chronic Diseases)

Research

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18 pages, 4388 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Correlation of Metabolic Syndrome with Redox Homeostasis Biomarkers: Evidence from High-Fat Diet Model in Wistar Rats

by Danila Di Majo, Pierangelo Sardo, Giuseppe Giglia, Valentina Di Liberto, Francesco Paolo Zummo, Maria Grazia Zizzo, Gaetano Felice Caldara, Francesca Rappa, Giorgia Intili, Roelof Maarten van Dijk, Daniele Gallo, Giuseppe Ferraro and Giuditta Gambino

Antioxidants 2023, 12(1), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010089 - 30 Dec 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2234

Abstract

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is an extremely complex disease. A non-balanced diet such as high-fat diet (HFD) induces metabolic dysfunction that could modify redox homeostasis. We here aimed at exploring redox homeostasis in male Wistar rats, following 8 weeks of HFD, correlating the eventual [...] Read more.

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is an extremely complex disease. A non-balanced diet such as high-fat diet (HFD) induces metabolic dysfunction that could modify redox homeostasis. We here aimed at exploring redox homeostasis in male Wistar rats, following 8 weeks of HFD, correlating the eventual modification of selected biomarkers that could be associated with the clinical manifestations of MetS. Therefore, we selected parameters relative to both the glucose tolerance and lipid altered metabolism, but also oxidative pattern. We assessed some biomarkers of oxidative stress i.e., thiols balance, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant barriers, via the use of specific biochemical assays, individuating eventual cross correlation with parameters relative to MetS through a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The present study shows that 8 weeks of HFD induce MetS in rats, altering glucose and lipid homeostasis and increasing visceral adipose tissue, but also impairing the physiological antioxidant responses that could not counteract the oxidative stress condition. Crucially, cross-correlation analysis suggested that the assessment of specific oxidative stress parameters reported here can provide information comparable to the more widely acquired biomarkers of Mets such as glucose tolerance. Lastly, hepatic steatosis in association with the oxidative stress condition was also highlighted by histological analysis. This research will elucidate the fundamental impact of these oxidative stress parameters on MetS induced in the HFD rat model, tracing paths for developing prevention approaches. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Antioxidants and Chronic Diseases)

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21 pages, 755 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adopting a High-Polyphenolic Diet Is Associated with an Improved Glucose Profile: Prospective Analysis within the PREDIMED-Plus Trial

by Anna Tresserra-Rimbau, Sara Castro-Barquero, Nerea Becerra-Tomás, Nancy Babio, Miguel Ángel Martínez-González, Dolores Corella, Montserrat Fitó, Dora Romaguera, Jesús Vioque, Angel M. Alonso-Gomez, Julia Wärnberg, José Alfredo Martínez, Luís Serra-Majem, Ramon Estruch, Francisco J. Tinahones, José Lapetra, Xavier Pintó, Josep A. Tur, José López-Miranda, Naomi Cano-Ibáñez, Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez, Pilar Matía-Martín, Lidia Daimiel, Vicente Martín Sánchez, Josep Vidal, Clotilde Vázquez, Emili Ros, Francisco Javier Basterra, María Fernández de la Puente, Eva M. Asensio, Olga Castañer, Vanessa Bullón-Vela, Lucas Tojal-Sierra, Enrique Gómez-Gracia, Eugenio Cases-Pérez, Jadwiga Konieczna, Antonio García-Ríos, Tamara Casañas-Quintana, María Rosa Bernal-Lopez, José Manuel Santos-Lozano, Virginia Esteve-Luque, Cristina Bouzas, Zenaida Vázquez-Ruiz, Antoni Palau-Galindo, Rocio Barragan, Mercè López Grau, Cristina Razquín, Leire Goicolea-Güemez, Estefanía Toledo, Manel Vila Vergaz, Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós and Jordi Salas-Salvadó Show full author list Hide full author list

Antioxidants 2022, 11(2), 316; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020316 - 04 Feb 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3841

Abstract

Previous studies suggested that dietary polyphenols could reduce the incidence and complications of type-2 diabetes (T2D); although the evidence is still limited and inconsistent. This work analyzes whether changing to a diet with a higher polyphenolic content is associated with an improved glucose [...] Read more.

Previous studies suggested that dietary polyphenols could reduce the incidence and complications of type-2 diabetes (T2D); although the evidence is still limited and inconsistent. This work analyzes whether changing to a diet with a higher polyphenolic content is associated with an improved glucose profile. At baseline, and at 1 year of follow-up visits, 5921 participants (mean age 65.0 ± 4.9, 48.2% women) who had overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome filled out a validated 143-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), from which polyphenol intakes were calculated. Energy-adjusted total polyphenols and subclasses were categorized in tertiles of changes. Linear mixed-effect models with random intercepts (the recruitment centers) were used to assess associations between changes in polyphenol subclasses intake and 1-year plasma glucose or glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Increments in total polyphenol intake and some classes were inversely associated with better glucose levels and HbA1c after one year of follow-up. These associations were modified when the analyses were run considering diabetes status separately. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the relationship between changes in the intake of all polyphenolic groups and T2D-related parameters in a senior population with T2D or at high-risk of developing T2D. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Antioxidants and Chronic Diseases)

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12 pages, 298 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity Is Inversely Associated with Prediabetes and Insulin Resistance in Bialystok PLUS Population

by Monika Cyuńczyk, Małgorzata Elżbieta Zujko, Jacek Jamiołkowski, Kinga Zujko, Magda Łapińska, Magdalena Zalewska, Marcin Kondraciuk, Anna Maria Witkowska and Karol Adam Kamiński

Antioxidants 2022, 11(2), 283; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020283 - 29 Jan 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2764

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and occurrence of prediabetes, diabetes and insulin resistance in the Bialystok PLUS (Polish Longitudinal University Study) population. Daily food consumption was estimated by 3-days 24-h dietary [...] Read more.

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and occurrence of prediabetes, diabetes and insulin resistance in the Bialystok PLUS (Polish Longitudinal University Study) population. Daily food consumption was estimated by 3-days 24-h dietary recalls. DTAC was calculated using the date of food consumption and antioxidant potential of foods measured by FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant potential) method. The following measurements were performed to identify prediabetes, diabetes and HOMA-IR: fasting glucose (FG), 2h postprandial glucose level (2h-PG), fasting insulin (FI), glycated hemoglobin HbA1c. Logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between DTAC and prediabetes and diabetes. This study demonstrated that higher quartile of DTAC, after adjustment for confounding variables, was significantly associated with a reduced odds ratio for the prevalence of prediabetes in Bialystok PLUS population aged 35–65 years. DTAC was also significantly inversely associated with HOMA-IR in multivariate linear regression model. DTAC was positively related to individual dietary antioxidants (polyphenols, antioxidant vitamins and minerals). Reduced DTAC may be considered as an additional risk factor for the development of diabetes. Therefore, dietary recommendations for prevention and therapy of diabetes should take into account the high DTAC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Antioxidants and Chronic Diseases)

22 pages, 45839 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Gallic Acid Improves Diabetic Steatosis by Downregulating MicroRNA-34a-5p through Targeting NFE2L2 Expression in High-Fat Diet-Fed db/db Mice

by Ang-Tse Lee, Mon-Yuan Yang, Yi-Ju Lee, Tzu-Wei Yang, Chi-Chih Wang and Chau-Jong Wang

Antioxidants 2022, 11(1), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11010092 - 30 Dec 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2456

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become epidemic worldwide and is strongly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The molecular mechanisms of microRNAs in NAFLD and T2DM development and the corresponding therapies remain unclear. We performed microRNA microarray validation to determine whether [...] Read more.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become epidemic worldwide and is strongly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The molecular mechanisms of microRNAs in NAFLD and T2DM development and the corresponding therapies remain unclear. We performed microRNA microarray validation to determine whether hepatic miR-34a-5p was significantly upregulated in db/db mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), a mouse model of T2DM with steatohepatitis. The potential role of miR-34a-5p and gallic acid (GA) in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism and diabetic steatosis was explored. GA improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes and suppressed lipid accumulation in the HFD-induced steatotic liver of db/db mice. In vitro, the silencing of miR-34a-5p in hepatocyte HepG2 cells ameliorated high glucose + oleic acid/palmitic acid mixture–induced accumulation of cellular triglycerides. We identified nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NFE2L2) as a direct target of miR-34a-5p. Reduction in intracellular triglyceride and the expression levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 and fatty acid synthase by GA were mediated by the inhibition of miR-34a-5p expression in HepG2 cells. The findings suggest that GA improves hepatic lipogenesis by downregulating miR-34a-5p by suppressing NFE2L2 expression, indicating the potential therapeutic role of GA or an NFE2L2-activating agent in diabetic fatty liver disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Antioxidants and Chronic Diseases)

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16 pages, 4288 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Miquelianin Inhibits Allergic Responses in Mice by Suppressing CD4⁺ T Cell Proliferation

by Dae Woon Choi, Sun Young Jung, Gun-Dong Kim, So-Young Lee and Hee Soon Shin

Antioxidants 2021, 10(7), 1120; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10071120 - 13 Jul 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2222

Abstract

Allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD), induce type 2 helper T (Th2) cell-dominant immune responses. Miquelianin (quercetin 3-O-glucuronide, MQL) is an active compound in Rosae multiflorae fructus extract with anti-allergic properties. Here, we investigate the anti-allergic effects of MQL in an [...] Read more.

Allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD), induce type 2 helper T (Th2) cell-dominant immune responses. Miquelianin (quercetin 3-O-glucuronide, MQL) is an active compound in Rosae multiflorae fructus extract with anti-allergic properties. Here, we investigate the anti-allergic effects of MQL in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced Th2-dominant mouse model and the associated mechanisms. Oral MQL suppressed cytokine and IL-2 production and proliferation of Th2 cells and upregulated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in splenocytes. Ex vivo MQL suppressed Th1- and Th2-related immune responses by inhibiting CD4⁺ T cell proliferation, and upregulated HO-1 in CD4⁺ T cells by activating C-Raf–ERK1/2–Nrf2 pathway via induction of reactive oxygen species generation. In a trimellitic anhydride-induced AD-like mouse model, both topical and oral MQL ameliorated AD symptoms by suppressing Th2 immune responses. Our results suggest that MQL is a potential therapeutic agent for CD4⁺ T cell-mediated diseases, including allergic diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Antioxidants and Chronic Diseases)

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Review

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23 pages, 554 KiB

Open AccessReview

Effect of Polyphenolic Complements on Cognitive Function in the Elderly: A Systematic Review

by María José Rodrigo-Gonzalo, Susana González-Manzano, Roberto Mendez-Sánchez, Celestino Santos-Buelga and Jose Ignacio Recio-Rodríguez

Antioxidants 2022, 11(8), 1549; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11081549 - 10 Aug 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1796

Abstract

Polyphenols have been shown to be effective against many chronic diseases. These compounds could have a beneficial effect at the cognitive level. The exact mechanism by which they provide positive effects at the cognitive level is not well known, but it is believed [...] Read more.

Polyphenols have been shown to be effective against many chronic diseases. These compounds could have a beneficial effect at the cognitive level. The exact mechanism by which they provide positive effects at the cognitive level is not well known, but it is believed that they could counteract neuroinflammation. The objective of this study is to review nutritional interventions that include foods or supplements rich in flavanols, flavonols, or stilbenes to the usual diet on cognitive deterioration in people over 50 years of age. Clinical trials published in PubMed and Web of Science from 1 March 2010 to 1 March 2020 were explored, from which 14 studies were selected. All of them showed some improvement after the intervention. In interventions with flavanols and stilbenes, relevant improvements have been observed both in healthy patients and in patients with established cognitive impairment. Most studies agree that the greatest benefits are found with high doses and longer duration treatments. The changes were fundamentally assessed through cognitive tests, and in some of the studies, through magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The type of cognitive test used to assess the effect of the intervention was revealed to be critical. Several studies have also shown improvements in analytical parameters and blood pressure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Antioxidants and Chronic Diseases)

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24 pages, 869 KiB

Open AccessReview

Effects and Mechanisms of Curcumin for the Prevention and Management of Cancers: An Updated Review

by Zhi-Jun Yang, Si-Yu Huang, Dan-Dan Zhou, Ruo-Gu Xiong, Cai-Ning Zhao, Ai-Ping Fang, Yun-Jian Zhang, Hua-Bin Li and Hui-Lian Zhu

Antioxidants 2022, 11(8), 1481; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11081481 - 28 Jul 2022

Cited by 41 | Viewed by 6961

Abstract

Cancer is the leading cause of death in the world. Curcumin is the main ingredient in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), and is widely used in the food industry. It shows anticancer properties on different types of cancers, and the underlying mechanisms of [...] Read more.

Cancer is the leading cause of death in the world. Curcumin is the main ingredient in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), and is widely used in the food industry. It shows anticancer properties on different types of cancers, and the underlying mechanisms of action include inhibiting cell proliferation, suppressing invasion and migration, promoting cell apoptosis, inducing autophagy, decreasing cancer stemness, increasing reactive oxygen species production, reducing inflammation, triggering ferroptosis, regulating gut microbiota, and adjuvant therapy. In addition, the anticancer action of curcumin is demonstrated in clinical trials. Moreover, the poor water solubility and low bioavailability of curcumin can be improved by a variety of nanotechnologies, which will promote its clinical effects. Furthermore, although curcumin shows some adverse effects, such as diarrhea and nausea, it is generally safe and tolerable. This paper is an updated review of the prevention and management of cancers by curcumin with a special attention to its mechanisms of action. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Antioxidants and Chronic Diseases)

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29 pages, 2123 KiB

Open AccessReview

Coffee Infusions: Can They Be a Source of Microelements with Antioxidant Properties?

by Ewa Olechno, Anna Puścion-Jakubik, Katarzyna Socha and Małgorzata Elżbieta Zujko

Antioxidants 2021, 10(11), 1709; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10111709 - 27 Oct 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2385

Abstract

Coffee is a beverage that is very popular all over the world. Its pro-health effect has been demonstrated in many publications. This drink can counteract the effects of oxidative stress thanks to its antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to collect [...] Read more.

Coffee is a beverage that is very popular all over the world. Its pro-health effect has been demonstrated in many publications. This drink can counteract the effects of oxidative stress thanks to its antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to collect data on the content of microelements with antioxidant activity (manganese, zinc, copper, iron) in coffee infusions, taking into account various factors. The study considered publications from the years 2000–2020 found in Google Scholar and PubMed databases. It was noted that coffee can provide up to 13.7% of manganese requirements per serving, up to 4.0% and 3.1% of zinc requirements for women and men, up to 2.7% and 2.1% of copper requirements for women and men, and up to 0.4% and 0.6% of iron requirements for women and men. Coffee infusions can also be a source of fluoride (up to 2.5%), chromium (up to 0.4% of daily intake for women and 0.2% for men), and cobalt (up to 0.1%). There are no data in the literature regarding the content of selenium in coffee infusions. The origin of coffee beans and the type of water used (especially regarding fluoride) may have an impact on the content of minerals in infusions. The brewing method does not seem to play an important role. As it is a very popular beverage, coffee can additionally enrich the diet with such micronutrients as manganese, zinc, and copper. This seems beneficial due to their antioxidant properties, however the bioavailability of these elements of coffee should be taken into account. It seems necessary to carry out more research in this area. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Antioxidants and Chronic Diseases)

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28 pages, 6562 KiB

Open AccessReview

Current Status and Future Perspectives on Therapeutic Potential of Apigenin: Focus on Metabolic-Syndrome-Dependent Organ Dysfunction

by Waqas Alam, Carmine Rocca, Haroon Khan, Yaseen Hussain, Michael Aschner, Anna De Bartolo, Nicola Amodio, Tommaso Angelone and Wai San Cheang

Antioxidants 2021, 10(10), 1643; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101643 - 19 Oct 2021

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4573

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome and its associated disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus are globally prevalent. Different molecules showing therapeutic potential are currently available for the management of metabolic syndrome, although their efficacy has often been compromised by their [...] Read more.

Metabolic syndrome and its associated disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus are globally prevalent. Different molecules showing therapeutic potential are currently available for the management of metabolic syndrome, although their efficacy has often been compromised by their poor bioavailability and side effects. Studies have been carried out on medicinal plant extracts for the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome. In this regard, isolated pure compounds have shown promising efficacy for the management of metabolic syndrome, both in preclinical and clinical settings. Apigenin, a natural bioactive flavonoid widely present in medicinal plants, functional foods, vegetables and fruits, exerts protective effects in models of neurological disorders and cardiovascular diseases and most of these effects are attributed to its antioxidant action. Various preclinical and clinical studies carried out so far show a protective effect of apigenin against metabolic syndrome. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on both in vitro and in vivo evidence related to the promising antioxidant role of apigenin in cardioprotection, neuroprotection and renoprotection, and to its beneficial action in metabolic-syndrome-dependent organ dysfunction. We also provide evidence on the potential of apigenin in the prevention and/or treatment of metabolic syndrome, analysing the potential and limitation of its therapeutic use. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Antioxidants and Chronic Diseases)

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21 pages, 946 KiB

Open AccessReview

Management of Feline Hyperthyroidism and the Need to Prevent Oxidative Stress: What Can We Learn from Human Research?

by Alessia Candellone, Vittorio Saettone, Paola Badino, Flavia Girolami, Elisabetta Radice, Domenico Bergero, Rosangela Odore and Giorgia Meineri

Antioxidants 2021, 10(9), 1496; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10091496 - 20 Sep 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4387

Abstract

Feline hyperthyroidism is a clinical syndrome related to an excessive production of thyroid hormones, and it is considered as a spontaneous animal model for human thyrotoxicosis. Many shared features between the feline and the human disease have been identified so far, including pathogenesis, [...] Read more.

Feline hyperthyroidism is a clinical syndrome related to an excessive production of thyroid hormones, and it is considered as a spontaneous animal model for human thyrotoxicosis. Many shared features between the feline and the human disease have been identified so far, including pathogenesis, clinical signs, and treatment options. Although methimazole is considered the first-choice drug in both species, several side effects have been described. Furthermore, methimazole could interfere with the oxidative status, already perturbated by the disease. It has been reported in humans that dietary management, mainly through antioxidant supplementation, could mitigate this oxidative burden. The purpose of the review is to describe current therapeutic options in the course of feline hyperthyroidism and to summarize the state of the art relationship between dietary antioxidants administration and the reduction of methimazole side-effects in humans to support the use of this approach also in cats. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Antioxidants and Chronic Diseases)

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Other

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13 pages, 13565 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Full Regression of Peyronie’s Disease Plaque Following Combined Antioxidant Treatment: A Three-Case Report

by Gianni Paulis and Giovanni De Giorgio

Antioxidants 2022, 11(9), 1661; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091661 - 26 Aug 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 14632

Abstract

Peyronie’s disease (PD) is a fibrotic disorder of the tunica albuginea of the penis. Conservative medical therapy includes oral and/or injective active substances. Until now, only two PD patients who recovered after medical treatment are described in the literature. This article describes three [...] Read more.

Peyronie’s disease (PD) is a fibrotic disorder of the tunica albuginea of the penis. Conservative medical therapy includes oral and/or injective active substances. Until now, only two PD patients who recovered after medical treatment are described in the literature. This article describes three new cases of PD patients who achieved complete resorption of plaque following antioxidant treatment. Case Presentations: Case 1. The patient was a 34-year-old man, a smoker, with lateral-left penile curvature (40 degrees), penile pain, and good penile rigidity. The patient was treated with combined therapy (oral antioxidants + Propolis creme). At follow-up, after about 29 months of treatment, we observed the disappearance of the acquired penile deformity. The ultrasound examination no longer showed any plaque. Case 2. The patient was a 32-year-old man with chronic prostatitis, penile lichen sclerosus, lateral-left penile curvature (10 degrees), a palpable lump, and good penile rigidity. The patient was treated with combined therapy (oral antioxidants + Propolis creme + penile injections of pentoxifylline). After 33 months of treatment, at follow-up, we observed the disappearance of the penile deformity. Ultrasound examinations no longer showed any plaque. Case 3. The patient was a 33-year-old man with penile pain, dorsal penile curvature (30 degrees), and good penile rigidity. The patient was treated with combined therapy (oral antioxidants + Propolis creme + penile injections of pentoxifylline). At follow-up, after 41 months of treatment, the penile pain was no longer present, and the ultrasound study no longer showed any plaque. Conclusions: Although our study presents a limited number of cases, it is a matter of fact that these patients obtained full regression in the affected area. We believe our experience may be very useful for urological clinical practice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Antioxidants and Chronic Diseases)

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