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Antioxidants
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Antioxidants in Radiation Protection, Radiobiology and Radiation—2nd Edition
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Antioxidants in Radiation Protection, Radiobiology and Radiation—2nd Edition

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2024 | Viewed by 3676

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Miguel Alcaraz-Saura

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Guest Editor
1. Department of Pediatric, Hospital Clínico Universitario “Virgen de la Arrixaca”, Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena, 30120 Murcia, Spain
2. Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria “Virgen de la Arrixaca” (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30100 Murcia, Spain
Interests: nutrition and metabolism in neonatology; probiotics; vitamins; cancer; oxidative stress syndrome; radiation effects; radioprotectors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Miguel Alcaraz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
2. Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria “Virgen de la Arrixaca” (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30100 Murcia, Spain
Interests: ionizing radiation; radiation effects; radiobiology; radiation protection; radiology; radiotherapy; radioprotectors; radiosensitizers; nonionizing radiation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There is a clear need for the development of new nontoxic substances that can reduce the undesirable effects of ionizing radiation during medical application, especially in diagnostic imaging, nuclear medicine, and radiation oncology, to protect both patients and professionally exposed workers. Similarly, the industrial use of nuclear energy, the potential risk of nuclear terrorism, as well as the increase in professionals exposed to ionizing radiation have led to growing interest in this aspect of radiobiology. In addition, the damaging effects of cosmic radiation are seen today as mitigating factors against the development of activities towards space exploration. Finally, the hitherto utopian objective of protecting normal cells while selectively injuring tumor cells when both are in the same vicinity of the radiation field during radiotherapy has stimulated interest in this Special Issue of Antioxidants.

Since the discovery of the first radioprotective substances, sulfhydryl compounds have been found to express radioprotective capacity when present in biological environments before exposure to radiation. Thus far, they constitute the only type of radioprotective substances in clinical use, even though, in recent years, other substances with higher radioprotective/genoprotective capacities with lower toxicity have been described. Numerous novel substances are being classified as radioprotective, radiomitigating or radiomodulating, portraying a vast spectrum of agents with radioprotective/genoprotective capacities; however, it is difficult to comparatively assess these substances due to the different end points used to study the effects of the radiation doses administered, and the concentrations and procedures used to evaluate their protective capacities.

The objective of this Special Issue of Antioxidants in radiological protection, radiobiology, and radiotherapy aims to cover the latest advances in the use of antioxidants in the field of ionizing radiation; of particular interest is their application against nonionizing radiation in these same fields of action.

Dr. Miguel Alcaraz-Saura
Dr. Miguel Alcaraz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ionizing radiation
  • nonionizing radiation
  • oxidative stress
  • radioprotectors
  • radiomitigators
  • radiosensitizers
  • antioxidant defenses
  • cancer therapy

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 3261 KiB  
Article
Antioxidant Systematic Alteration Was Responsible for Injuries Inflicted on the Marine Blue Mussel Mytilus edulis Following Strontium Exposure
by Zihua Cheng, Mengxue Xu, Qiyue Cao, Wendan Chi, Sai Cao, Zhongyuan Zhou and You Wang
Antioxidants 2024, 13(4), 464; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13040464 - 14 Apr 2024
Viewed by 292
Abstract
The ionic properties of strontium (Sr), a significant artificial radionuclide in the marine environment, were estimated using a stable nuclide-substituting experimental system under controlled laboratory conditions. The bio-accumulation of Sr and its impacts, as well as any possible hidden mechanisms, were evaluated based [...] Read more.
The ionic properties of strontium (Sr), a significant artificial radionuclide in the marine environment, were estimated using a stable nuclide-substituting experimental system under controlled laboratory conditions. The bio-accumulation of Sr and its impacts, as well as any possible hidden mechanisms, were evaluated based on the physiological alterations of the sentinel blue mussel Mytilus edulis. The mussels were exposed to a series of stress-inducing concentrations, with the highest solubility being 0.2 g/L. No acute lethality was observed during the experiment, but sublethal damage was evident. Sr accumulated in a tissue-specific way, and hemolymph was the target, with the highest accumulating concentration being 64.46 µg/g wet weight (ww). At the molecular level, increases in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and changes in ROS components (H2O2, O2−, and -OH) and antioxidant system activity indicated that the redox equilibrium state in hemocytes was disturbed. Furthermore, the rise in the hemocyte micronucleus (MN) rate (4‰ in the high-concentration group) implied DNA damage. At the cellular level, the structures of hemocytes were damaged, especially with respect to lysosomes, which play a crucial role in phagocytosis. Lysosomal membrane stability (LMS) was also affected, and both acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities were reduced, resulting in a significant decline in phagocytosis. The hemolymph population structure at the organ level was disturbed, with large changes in hemocyte number and mortality rate, along with changes in component ratios. These toxic effects were evaluated by employing the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework. The results suggested that the disruption of intracellular redox homeostasis is a possible explanation for Sr-induced toxicity in M. edulis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Radiation Protection, Radiobiology and Radiation—2nd Edition)
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19 pages, 7946 KiB  
Article
Oral Curcumin–Thioketal–Inulin Conjugate Micelles against Radiation–Induced Enteritis
by Jintao Shen, Wencheng Jiao, Bochuan Yuan, Hua Xie, Ziyuan Chen, Meng Wei, Yingbao Sun, Yanping Wu, Feng Zhang, Zhangyu Li, Xu Jin, Lina Du and Yiguang Jin
Antioxidants 2024, 13(4), 417; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13040417 - 29 Mar 2024
Viewed by 575
Abstract
Radiation–induced enteritis is an unavoidable complication associated with pelvic tumor radiotherapy, significantly influencing the prognosis of cancer patients. The limited availability of commercial gastrointestinal radioprotectors in clinical settings poses a substantial challenge in preventing radiation enteritis. Despite the inherent radioprotective characteristics of Cur [...] Read more.
Radiation–induced enteritis is an unavoidable complication associated with pelvic tumor radiotherapy, significantly influencing the prognosis of cancer patients. The limited availability of commercial gastrointestinal radioprotectors in clinical settings poses a substantial challenge in preventing radiation enteritis. Despite the inherent radioprotective characteristics of Cur in vitro, its poor solubility in water, instability, and low bioavailability lead to inferior therapeutic effects in vivo. Herein, we developed novel ROS-responsive micelles (CTI) from inulin and curcumin, aimed at mitigating radiation enteritis. CTI micelles had excellent solubility and stability. Importantly, CTI improved the cytotoxicity and bioavailability of curcumin, thereby showing enhanced effectiveness in neutralizing ROS induced by radiation, safeguarding against DNA damage, and reducing radiation-induced cellular mortality. Moreover, in a radiation enteritis mice model, CTI not only alleviated severe radiation-induced intestinal injury but also improved redox-related indicators and reduced inflammatory cytokine expression. Furthermore, CTI effectively increased gut microbiota abundance and maintained gut homeostasis. In conclusion, CTI could be a promising candidate for the clinical management of radiation enteritis. Our study provides a new perspective for radioprotection using natural antioxidants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Radiation Protection, Radiobiology and Radiation—2nd Edition)
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28 pages, 5364 KiB  
Article
Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance to Ionizing Radiation in S. cerevisiae and Its Relationship with Aging, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Activity
by Alejandro González-Vidal, Silvia Mercado-Sáenz, Antonio M. Burgos-Molina, Juan C. Alamilla-Presuel, Miguel Alcaraz, Francisco Sendra-Portero and Miguel J. Ruiz-Gómez
Antioxidants 2023, 12(9), 1690; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12091690 - 30 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1145
Abstract
The repair of the damage produced to the genome and proteome by the action of ionizing radiation, oxidizing agents, and during aging is important to maintain cellular homeostasis. Many of the metabolic pathways influence multiple processes. In this way, this work aims to [...] Read more.
The repair of the damage produced to the genome and proteome by the action of ionizing radiation, oxidizing agents, and during aging is important to maintain cellular homeostasis. Many of the metabolic pathways influence multiple processes. In this way, this work aims to study the relationship between resistance/response to ionizing radiation, cellular aging, and the response mechanisms to oxidative stress, free radicals, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and antioxidant activity in the yeast S. cerevisiae. Systems biology allows us to use tools that reveal the molecular mechanisms common to different cellular response phenomena. The results found indicate that homologous recombination, non-homologous end joining, and base excision repair pathways are the most important common processes necessary to maintain cellular homeostasis. The metabolic routes of longevity regulation are those that jointly contribute to the three phenomena studied. This study proposes eleven common biomarkers for response/resistance to ionizing radiation and aging (EXO1, MEC1, MRE11, RAD27, RAD50, RAD51, RAD52, RAD55, RAD9, SGS1, YKU70) and two biomarkers for response/resistance to radiation and oxidative stress, free radicals, ROS, and antioxidant activity (NTG1, OGG1). In addition, it is important to highlight that the HSP104 protein could be a good biomarker common to the three phenomena studied. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Radiation Protection, Radiobiology and Radiation—2nd Edition)
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Review

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25 pages, 2693 KiB  
Review
Tocotrienols Provide Radioprotection to Multiple Organ Systems through Complementary Mechanisms of Antioxidant and Signaling Effects
by Stephen A. Shrum, Ujwani Nukala, Shivangi Shrimali, Edith Nathalie Pineda, Kimberly J. Krager, Shraddha Thakkar, Darin E. Jones, Rupak Pathak, Philip J. Breen, Nukhet Aykin-Burns and Cesar M. Compadre
Antioxidants 2023, 12(11), 1987; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12111987 - 09 Nov 2023
Viewed by 915
Abstract
Tocotrienols have powerful radioprotective properties in multiple organ systems and are promising candidates for development as clinically effective radiation countermeasures. To facilitate their development as clinical radiation countermeasures, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms behind their powerful multi-organ radioprotective properties. In this [...] Read more.
Tocotrienols have powerful radioprotective properties in multiple organ systems and are promising candidates for development as clinically effective radiation countermeasures. To facilitate their development as clinical radiation countermeasures, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms behind their powerful multi-organ radioprotective properties. In this context, their antioxidant effects are recognized for directly preventing oxidative damage to cellular biomolecules from ionizing radiation. However, there is a growing body of evidence indicating that the radioprotective mechanism of action for tocotrienols extends beyond their antioxidant properties. This raises a new pharmacological paradigm that tocotrienols are uniquely efficacious radioprotectors due to a synergistic combination of antioxidant and other signaling effects. In this review, we have covered the wide range of multi-organ radioprotective effects observed for tocotrienols and the mechanisms underlying it. These radioprotective effects for tocotrienols can be characterized as (1) direct cytoprotective effects, characteristic of the classic antioxidant properties, and (2) other effects that modulate a wide array of critical signaling factors involved in radiation injury. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Radiation Protection, Radiobiology and Radiation—2nd Edition)
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