Dear Colleagues,

Acute and chronic renal diseases are severe illnesses of significant incidence in which dialysis and transplantation are frequently the only therapeutic options. These options do not avoid fatal outcomes. Chronic renal diseases and their end-stage frequently follow acute episodes. Notably, there are no efficient and specific treatments, which is why dialysis and transplantation are the only therapeutic options at the moment.

Tissue oxidative stress is a critical physiopathological component of renal lesions of many different origins. The intense oxidative metabolism of kidney tissue, especially in the cortex, favors the formation of reactive oxygen species. Due to this critical pathophysiological component, the search for antioxidant agents has recently intensified. At the same time, understanding oxidizing mechanisms and antioxidants has become imperative for a careful search for new agents and products of the most diverse origins.

There are two primary sources of reactive oxygen species capable of causing kidney damage, mitochondrial and extramitochondrial, and there is often crosstalk between them. The central oxidizing species is the superoxide anion, but different cycles can lead to other species, such as oxydryl radical. Thus, antioxidant systems—enzymatic or not—are found within both the mitochondria of the renal cortex and the medulla. They are the target of research to obtain new drugs and products, including natural products and their derivatives, and many forms of medicinal chemistry. Antioxidant products are also encountered in the new field of regenerative medicine.

This Special Issue of Antioxidants aims to stimulate the sharing of new results and ideas in the field of oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms in different segments of kidney tissue, opening up new avenues of knowledge for preventing and treating kidney diseases.

Prof. Dr. Adalberto Vieyra
Dr. Lucienne S. Lara
Guest Editors

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• antioxidants
• acute renal diseases
• renal ischemia and reperfusion
• chronic renal diseases
• renal oxidative stress
• mitochondria
• antioxidant enzymes
• renal renin–angiotensin–aldosterone and oxidative stress
• hypertension and renal oxidative stress