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Animals
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Tissue Morphology and Gene Expression of Developmental Biology in Animals
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Tissue Morphology and Gene Expression of Developmental Biology in Animals

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Genetics and Genomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2023) | Viewed by 10352

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yuki Muranishi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
Interests: mammals; human; developmental biology; gynecology; gene expression; disease; epigenetics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue will focus on the broad scope of developmental biology. This issue will look especially closely at epigenetics during the developmental stage, with the aim to advance this scientific field and improve the efficiency of animal production and medicine.

Recently, we conducted research on the fat development of gene expression and cell fate determination using pigs to investigate how this could be applied to regenerative medicine. In particular, we are interested in resolving the question of whether fat cells undergo epigenetic gene modification in the developmental environment. We hope this Special Issue Animals will further elucidate the subject and contribute to the scientific knowledge base on animal medicine and production.

We encourage the submission of original research papers and reviews for this Special Issue. Potential topics for submissions include but are not limited to gene expression systems and gene modification by epigenetics, and effect of maternal perinatal environment on their offspring's development.

Dr. Yuki Muranishi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • epigenetics
  • development
  • animal
  • genetics
  • cell fate determination
  • gene expression
  • endocrine system
  • neuroscience
 

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 2407 KiB  
Article
LPS Administration during Fertilization Affects Epigenetic Inheritance during Embryonic Development
by Sangwoo Kim, Erina Yoneda, Kisaki Tomita, Mitsunori Kayano, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Motoki Sasaki, Takashi Shimizu and Yuki Muranishi
Animals 2023, 13(7), 1135; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13071135 - 23 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1594
Abstract
Intrauterine inflammation can cause infertility by disrupting reproductive function. The pathogenesis underlying this process may primarily involve endotoxins from lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are produced by Gram-negative bacteria. However, the long-term effects of endotoxins in mammalian pregnancy following LPS exposure during fertilization have not [...] Read more.
Intrauterine inflammation can cause infertility by disrupting reproductive function. The pathogenesis underlying this process may primarily involve endotoxins from lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are produced by Gram-negative bacteria. However, the long-term effects of endotoxins in mammalian pregnancy following LPS exposure during fertilization have not been clarified. In this study, we performed experiments to analyze the influence of LPS on early embryonic development and fetal development in mice. Mice uteruses were examined for the expression of genes related to the inflammatory response. The expression of Il-1β and Il-6 increased following the administration of 200 and 1000 µg/kg LPS. Exposure to LPS using in vitro fertilization (IVF) significantly decreased the embryonic developmental rate. A concentration of 100 µg/kg LPS significantly increased the placental weight and fetal crown –rump length (CRL), whereas a concentration of 200 µg/kg LPS significantly decreased the placenta weight and fetal weight in vivo. These findings indicate that maternal LPS during fertilization affects fetal development until the late stage of pregnancy. Thus, maternal endotoxins may affect epigenetic inheritance during embryonic development from the early to late stages of pregnancy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tissue Morphology and Gene Expression of Developmental Biology in Animals)
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12 pages, 2111 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Placental HSD17B1 Expression and Its Regulation in Various Mammalian Species
by Takashi Yazawa, Mohammad Sayful Islam, Yoshitaka Imamichi, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Kazuhide Yaegashi, Takanori Ida, Takahiro Sato, Takeshi Kitano, Shigenori Matsuzaki, Akihiro Umezawa and Yuki Muranishi
Animals 2023, 13(4), 622; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13040622 - 10 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1740
Abstract
During mammalian gestation, large amounts of progesterone are produced by the placenta and circulate for the maintenance of pregnancy. In contrast, primary plasma estrogens are different between species. To account for this difference, we compared the expression of ovarian and placental steroidogenic genes [...] Read more.
During mammalian gestation, large amounts of progesterone are produced by the placenta and circulate for the maintenance of pregnancy. In contrast, primary plasma estrogens are different between species. To account for this difference, we compared the expression of ovarian and placental steroidogenic genes in various mammalian species (mouse, guinea pig, porcine, ovine, bovine, and human). Consistent with the ability to synthesize progesterone, CYP11A1/Cyp11a1, and bi-functional HSD3B/Hsd3b genes were expressed in all species. CYP17A1/Cyp17a1 was expressed in the placenta of all species, excluding humans. CYP19A/Cyp19a1 was expressed in all placental estrogen-producing species, whereas estradiol-producing HSD17B1 was only strongly expressed in the human placenta. The promoter region of HSD17B1 in various species possesses a well-conserved SP1 site that was activated in human placental cell line JEG-3 cells. However, DNA methylation analyses in the ovine placenta showed that the SP1-site in the promoter region of HSD17B1 was completely methylated. These results indicate that epigenetic regulation of HSD17B1 expression is important for species-specific placental sex steroid production. Because human HSD17B1 showed strong activity for the conversion of androstenedione into testosterone, similar to HSD17B1/Hsd17b1 in other species, we also discuss the biological significance of human placental HSD17B1 based on the symptoms of aromatase-deficient patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tissue Morphology and Gene Expression of Developmental Biology in Animals)
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14 pages, 2310 KiB  
Article
Long-Term In Vitro Maintenance of Piglet Testicular Tissue: Effects of Tissue Fragment Size, Preparation Method, and Serum Source
by Fahar Ibtisham, Tat-Chuan Cham, Mohammad Amin Fayaz and Ali Honaramooz
Animals 2023, 13(1), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13010128 - 29 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1735
Abstract
Long-term culture of testicular tissue has important applications, including the preservation of fertility potential of prepubertal boys undergoing gonadotoxic cancer treatment. This study was designed to define optimal conditions for the long-term culture of neonatal porcine testicular tissue as an animal model for [...] Read more.
Long-term culture of testicular tissue has important applications, including the preservation of fertility potential of prepubertal boys undergoing gonadotoxic cancer treatment. This study was designed to define optimal conditions for the long-term culture of neonatal porcine testicular tissue as an animal model for preadolescent individuals. Testes from 1 wk old donor piglets were used to examine the effects of tissue fragment size (~2, 4, 6, or 8 mg), preparation method (intact, semi-digested, or physically dispersed fragments), and serum source in the media (fetal bovine serum—FBS—or knockout serum replacement—KSR). Testicular fragments were examined weekly for 4 weeks for tissue integrity, seminiferous cord density and morphology, and gonocyte counts. Testicular tissue integrity was dependent on fragment size and preparation method, where the smallest size (2 mg, p < 0.05) and intact preparation method were advantageous (p < 0.05). Seminiferous cord density decreased over the culture period (p < 0.05). Although the relative number of gonocytes decreased over time for all sizes and methods (p < 0.01), smaller intact fragments (2 and 4 mg) had greater numbers of gonocytes (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that intact or physically dispersed testicular fragments of the smallest size (2 mg) cultured in KSR-supplemented media could be effectively maintained in vitro for the duration of 4 weeks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tissue Morphology and Gene Expression of Developmental Biology in Animals)
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15 pages, 4458 KiB  
Article
Differential Expression Analysis of tRNA-Derived Small RNAs from Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Obese and Lean Pigs
by Hao Gu, Mailin Gan, Linghui Wang, Yiting Yang, Jinyong Wang, Lei Chen, Shunhua Zhang, Ye Zhao, Lili Niu, Dongmei Jiang, Yiwu Chen, Anan Jiang, Linyuan Shen and Li Zhu
Animals 2022, 12(24), 3561; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12243561 - 16 Dec 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1407
Abstract
Epigenetic factors, including non-coding RNA regulation, play a vital role in the development of obesity and have been well researched. Transfer RNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) is a class of non-coding RNA proven to be involved in various aspects of mammalian biology. Here we [...] Read more.
Epigenetic factors, including non-coding RNA regulation, play a vital role in the development of obesity and have been well researched. Transfer RNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) is a class of non-coding RNA proven to be involved in various aspects of mammalian biology. Here we take pigs as a model for obesity research and use tsRNA-seq to investigate the difference in tsRNA expression in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese and lean pigs to elucidate the role of tsRNA in obesity development. A total of 482 tsRNAs were identified in pig adipose tissue, of which 123 were significantly differentially accumulated tsRNAs compared with the control group. The tRF-5c was the main type of these tsRNAs. The largest number of tsRNAs produced was the Gly-carrying tRNA, which produced 81 tsRNAs. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that differential tsRNAs indirectly participated in MAPK, AMPK, insulin resistance, the TNF signaling pathway, adipocytokine signaling pathway, and other signaling pathways by interacting with target genes. These are involved in bioenergetic metabolic regulatory processes, suggesting that tsRNAs may influence these pathways to mediate the regulation of energy metabolism in porcine adipocytes to promote lipid deposition, thus contributing to obesity. Our findings suggest a potential function of tsRNA in regulating obesity development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tissue Morphology and Gene Expression of Developmental Biology in Animals)
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18 pages, 5190 KiB  
Article
Characterization of ddx4 and dnd Homologs in Snakeskin Gourami (Trichopodus pectoralis) and Their Expression Levels during Larval Development and in Gonads of Males and Females
by Chatsirin Nakharuthai, Somkiat Sreebun, Apinat Kabpha, Tran Vinh Phuong and Surintorn Boonanuntanasarn
Animals 2022, 12(23), 3415; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12233415 - 04 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1381
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to clone and characterize ddx4 and dnd1 homologs in snakeskin gourami (Trichopodus pectoralis) and to determine their expression levels during larval development and in the gonads of males and females. Both cDNAs contained predicted regions [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to clone and characterize ddx4 and dnd1 homologs in snakeskin gourami (Trichopodus pectoralis) and to determine their expression levels during larval development and in the gonads of males and females. Both cDNAs contained predicted regions that shared consensus motifs with the ddx4 family in teleosts and the dnd family in vertebrates. Phylogenetic tree construction analysis confirmed that these two genes were clustered in the families of teleosts. Both ddx4 and dnd1 mRNAs were detectable only in the gonads, particularly in germ cells. These two genes were expressed during early larval development. The expression of ddx4 was high during early larval development and decreased with increasing developmental age, whereas dnd1 expression increased with developmental age. In adult fish, the expression levels of both genes were higher in the ovary than in the testis. Overall, these findings provide valuable molecular information on ddx4 and dnd, and can be applied in future reproductive biological studies relating to sex dimorphism in snakeskin gourami. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tissue Morphology and Gene Expression of Developmental Biology in Animals)
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12 pages, 648 KiB  
Article
Developmental Alterations of Colonic microRNA Profiles Imply Potential Biological Functions in Kid Goats
by Qiongxian Yan, Lina Tian, Wenxun Chen, Jinhe Kang, Shaoxun Tang and Zhiliang Tan
Animals 2022, 12(12), 1533; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12121533 - 14 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1401
Abstract
The colon is a crucial digestive organ of the hind gut in ruminants. The bacterial diversity and mucosal immune maturation in this region are related to age. However, whether the microRNA expression in the colon of goats is affected by age is still [...] Read more.
The colon is a crucial digestive organ of the hind gut in ruminants. The bacterial diversity and mucosal immune maturation in this region are related to age. However, whether the microRNA expression in the colon of goats is affected by age is still unclear. In the current study, we analyzed the transcriptomes of colon microRNAs during preweaning (Day 10 and Day 25) and postweaning (Day 31). A total of 1572 microRNAs were identified in the colon tissues. Of these, 39 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs) and 88 highly expressed microRNAs (HEmiRNAs) were screened. The target genes regulated by the DEmiRNAs and HEmiRNAs were commonly enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, Hippo signaling pathway, cell adhesion molecules, focal adhesion, and adherens junction. Remarkably, the targeted genes of the DEmiRNAs were highly enriched for the prevention of microbial invasion via the Erbb−MAPK network while the targeted genes of HEmiRNAs contributed to the permeable barrier maintenance and cell damage surveillance. Additionally, there were eight different expression profiles of 87 dynamic miRNAs, in which approximately half of them were affected by age. Taken together, our study reveals the different roles of DEmiRNAs, HEmiRNAs, and dynamic microRNAs in the development of the colon and gives new insights into the regulatory mechanism of colon development in goats. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tissue Morphology and Gene Expression of Developmental Biology in Animals)
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