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Volume 2
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Alloys, Volume 2, Issue 2 (June 2023) – 3 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): Permanent magnets are becoming more and more relevant for modern society. As the most widely used permanent magnets contain rare-earth elements, the increased dependence on these strategic elements is worrisome, and the pursuit for rare-earth-free alternatives has become a strategic goal in many countries. The metastable and ferromagnetic τ-phase that forms in the MnAl(C) system is one of the most promising alternatives, and since its discovery, major efforts have been made to improve its performance and realize its full potential. One major factor that has prevented the widespread commercialization of MnAl(C) permanent magnets is their relatively low coercivity. View this paper
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12 pages, 3385 KiB  
Article
Influence of Heat Treatment on the Corrosion Resistance in Shape Memory Stainless Steel Based on FeMnSiCrNiCo
by Sofia Salles Lantyer Marques, Rita de Cássia Mendonça Sales-Contini, Jorge Otubo and Heide Heloise Bernardi
Alloys 2023, 2(2), 110-121; https://doi.org/10.3390/alloys2020008 - 29 May 2023
Viewed by 1254
Abstract
In this work, the influence of heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of shape memory stainless steel based on FeMnSiCrNiCo was evaluated. Deformed samples were annealed from 250 °C to 1050 °C for 1 h. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) and a Vickers microhardness [...] Read more.
In this work, the influence of heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of shape memory stainless steel based on FeMnSiCrNiCo was evaluated. Deformed samples were annealed from 250 °C to 1050 °C for 1 h. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) and a Vickers microhardness test were used to characterize the microstructure. Thermal analysis was performed to identify phase transformations. Corrosion resistance was evaluated in an electrochemical test in a 3.5% NaCl solution. FeMnSiCrNiCo in the deformed state had better corrosion resistance compared to other conditions. However, as the annealing temperature increased, the corrosion resistance decreased due to the formation of precipitates. Full article
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10 pages, 6886 KiB  
Article
Additive Manufacturing of MnAl(C)-Magnets
by Victor Pacheco, Björn Skårman, Fredrik Olsson, Dennis Karlsson, Hilmar Vidarsson and Martin Sahlberg
Alloys 2023, 2(2), 100-109; https://doi.org/10.3390/alloys2020007 - 15 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1472
Abstract
Permanent magnets are becoming more and more relevant for modern society. As the most widely used permanent magnets contain rare-earth elements, the increased dependence on these strategic elements is worrisome, and the pursuit for rare-earth free alternatives has become a strategic goal in [...] Read more.
Permanent magnets are becoming more and more relevant for modern society. As the most widely used permanent magnets contain rare-earth elements, the increased dependence on these strategic elements is worrisome, and the pursuit for rare-earth free alternatives has become a strategic goal in many countries. The metastable and ferromagnetic τ-phase that forms in the MnAl(C) system is one of the most promising alternatives, and since its discovery, major efforts have been made to improve its performance and realize its full potential. One major factor that has prevented a widespread commercialization of MnAl(C) permanent magnets is their relatively low coercivity. Here, we demonstrate that additive manufacturing, using laser powder bed fusion, can be used to produce MnAl in its high-temperature polymorph (ε, hcp), which can be subsequently transformed, through post-heat treatments to the ferromagnetic τ-phase. Although we successfully obtained a preferential orientation of the ε-phase with <001> parallel to the build direction, this did not translate into a strong preferential orientation in the τ-phase, thus indicating that the phase transformation occurs by the migration of incoherent interfaces. The MnAl(C) samples are characterized by a density of ≈4.4 g/cm3, a saturation magnetization of 39.3 Am2/kg, a coercivity of 168 kA/m, and a remanence of 17.5 Am2/kg. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of New Metallic Alloys for AM)
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11 pages, 5278 KiB  
Article
Effect of Li Content on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of as-Homogenized Mg-Li-Al-Zn-Zr Alloys
by Yuehua Sun, Fan Zhang, Jian Ren and Guangsheng Song
Alloys 2023, 2(2), 89-99; https://doi.org/10.3390/alloys2020006 - 28 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1318
Abstract
The microstructure and mechanical properties of as-homogenized Mg-xLi-3Al-2Zn-0.2Zr alloys (x = 5, 7, 8, 9, 11 wt.%) were studied. As the Li content increased from 5 wt.% to 11 wt.%, the alloy matrix changed from the α-Mg single-phase to α-Mg+β-Li [...] Read more.
The microstructure and mechanical properties of as-homogenized Mg-xLi-3Al-2Zn-0.2Zr alloys (x = 5, 7, 8, 9, 11 wt.%) were studied. As the Li content increased from 5 wt.% to 11 wt.%, the alloy matrix changed from the α-Mg single-phase to α-Mg+β-Li dual-phase and then to the β-Li single-phase. Homogenized With the increase in Li content, the alloy strength decreased while the elongation increased, and the corresponding fracture mechanism changed from cleavage fracture to microvoid coalescence fracture. This is mainly attributed to the matrix changing from α-Mg with hcp structure to β-Li with bcc structure. Additionally, the increase in the AlLi softening phase led to the reduction of Al and Zn dissolved in the alloy matrix with increasing Li content, which is one of the reasons for the decrease in alloy strength. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Microstructure and Properties in Metals and Alloys)
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