Medical Sciences Forum

Editorial

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Open AccessEditorial

Statement of Peer Review

by Jun Lu and Allan Stensballe

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2023021053 - 22 Sep 2023

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Abstract

In submitting conference proceedings to Medical Sciences Forum, the volume editors of the proceedings certify to the publisher that all papers published in this volume have been subjected to peer review administered by the volume editors [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

Research

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180 KiB

Open AccessAbstract

Modulation of Hsp70 in the Pharmacological Correction of Nervous System Disorders after Prenatal Hypoxia

by Olena Aliyeva, Igor Belenichev and Olena Popazova

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14091 - 01 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 476

Abstract

The problem of pharmacologically correcting CNS hypoxic disorders is one of priority. HSP70, an endogenous regulator of cytoprotective processes, can be considered as an effective pharmacological target. The aim of this research was to study the ability of cerebrocurin, angiolin, glutoredoxin, tamoxifen, thiotriazoline, [...] Read more.

The problem of pharmacologically correcting CNS hypoxic disorders is one of priority. HSP70, an endogenous regulator of cytoprotective processes, can be considered as an effective pharmacological target. The aim of this research was to study the ability of cerebrocurin, angiolin, glutoredoxin, tamoxifen, thiotriazoline, L-arginine, nikomex, HSF-1 and piracetam to modulate the level of HSP70 in the cerebral cortex and blood plasma of rats after prenatal hypoxia (PH). We studied the effect of the drugs on the content of HSP70 in the plasma and neurons (cytoplasmic and mitochondrial fractions) of rat pups on the 30th and 60th day of life in model of chronic hemic PH using the enzyme immunoassay method. It was found that PH leads to the suppression of HSP70 synthesis and to the decrease in its intra- and extracellular levels, with the most significant decrease during the 1st month of life. Drugs course administration demonstrates an increase in intracellular and extracellular levels of HSP70 with a prolonged effect. Cerebrocurin, angiolin, and tamoxifen were the most active modulators of intracellular HSP70. Cerebrocurin, angiolin, and piracetam had the most active effect on the HSP70 content in blood plasma, but the effect of piracitam on the cytosolic and mitochondrial HSP70 fractions was the least of all the drugs studied. Here, we show that cerebrocurin and angiolin were the most effective modulators of HSP70, and their neuroprotective effect deserves further comprehensive study in order to develop methods for effective treatment of hypoxic disorders. HSP70 can serve as a target and marker of hypoxia pharmacological correction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

Other

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Patent Analysis of Four Lamiaceae-Derived Plants: A Medicinally Active Resource against New Health Challenges

by Reda El Boukhari and Ahmed Fatimi

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14093 - 01 Mar 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 804

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the patent documents concerning the uses of medicinally active plants (MAPs) in relation to COVID-19 during the last four years. Hereinafter, we demonstrate that MAPs, such as those in the Lamiaceae family, can be a fast, healthy, and [...] Read more.

This study aims to analyze the patent documents concerning the uses of medicinally active plants (MAPs) in relation to COVID-19 during the last four years. Hereinafter, we demonstrate that MAPs, such as those in the Lamiaceae family, can be a fast, healthy, and efficient recourse for designing new drugs or compositions to face new health challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The patent documents concerning sage (Salvia), basil (Ocimum), lavender (Lavandula), and marjoram (Origanum) were searched through different specialized databases by using relevant keywords, and the search was performed on the titles, abstracts, and claims. The state of the art in the field was established by extracting data related to publication dates, patent families, patent classifications, applicants, and jurisdictions from the patent documents. Since the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, about a hundred patent documents linking the studied plants to the coronavirus have been found. Through our case study, we found that most of the patent applications were filed under international jurisdiction by pharmaceutical companies as applicants. Based on the patent classification, most of the claimed inventions are indeed medicinal preparations characterized by being made with Lamiaceae or having antiviral activities. Finally, the relevant patent documents demonstrate a particular interest in the valorization of bioactive compounds derived from Lamiaceae to improve human defense mechanisms as well as compositions or methods for treating and preventing a coronavirus infection. However, the Salvia genus is the most useful for preventing and/or curing SARS-CoV-2 infection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Salvia hispanica L. Seeds: A Rare Medicinal Herb and Potential Pharmaceutical Additive

by Amitkumar Rajkumar Dhankani and Sunila Atul Patil

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14356 - 21 Apr 2023

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Abstract

Salvia hispanica is a plant widespread in Central America. Chia is the common name for it. The seeds obtained from the current plant are most usually used. As public health awareness grows around the world, so does the need for functional foods with [...] Read more.

Salvia hispanica is a plant widespread in Central America. Chia is the common name for it. The seeds obtained from the current plant are most usually used. As public health awareness grows around the world, so does the need for functional foods with many health advantages. They are also known as “health food” due to their strong nutritional and therapeutic properties. When the seeds are soaked in a suitable solvent, such as water, they exude a sticky gel-like substance that can be employed as an excipient in both culinary and pharmaceutical compositions. This paper will go over all of the therapeutic benefits of the present plant and its parts, as well as the plant’s use as an ingredient in foods and pharmaceuticals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Generation of iPSC-Derived RGCs for Modeling Dominant Optic Atrophy

by Marta García-López and M. Esther Gallardo

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14087 - 01 Mar 2023

Viewed by 365

Abstract

Dominant optic atrophy (DOA), mainly caused by pathogenic variants in OPA1, is one of the most common forms of hereditary optic neuropathy. OPA1 is involved in mitochondrial dynamics and oxidative phosphorylation, among other functions. Hence, mutations in this gene cause the degeneration [...] Read more.

Dominant optic atrophy (DOA), mainly caused by pathogenic variants in OPA1, is one of the most common forms of hereditary optic neuropathy. OPA1 is involved in mitochondrial dynamics and oxidative phosphorylation, among other functions. Hence, mutations in this gene cause the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), leading to reduced visual acuity. In this work, we have used induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology to generate RGCs, starting from an iPSC line created from fibroblasts from a DOA patient and also its CRISPR isogenic control. The generated RGCs showed expression of BRN3A, SNCG or THY1, and could potentially serve as a platform for DOA modeling. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

In Vitro Studies May Be Useful in Donor Selection and Evaluating the Effectiveness of CD8⁺ T-Cell Reprogramming: Experience of a Pilot Study

by Evgenii G. Skurikhin, Mariia Zhukova, Natalia Ermakova, Lena Kogai and Alexander Dygai

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14289 - 29 Mar 2023

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Abstract

The survival and cytotoxicity of reprogrammed human CD8⁺ T-cells (hrT-cells) were evaluated in a culture of cancer stem cells (CSCs) isolated from a patient with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). T-cells were isolated from the blood of healthy volunteers and patients with lung [...] Read more.

The survival and cytotoxicity of reprogrammed human CD8⁺ T-cells (hrT-cells) were evaluated in a culture of cancer stem cells (CSCs) isolated from a patient with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). T-cells were isolated from the blood of healthy volunteers and patients with lung diseases. Reprogramming with MEK and PD-1 inhibitors increased the survival and cytotoxicity of allogeneic T-cells in vitro. The positive effect of reprogramming is more pronounced in patients with lung diseases than in healthy donors. Autologous hrT-cells showed high effectiveness in eliminating CSCs. Thus, in vitro studies are significant in the selection of potential cell donors and evaluating the effectiveness of their reprogramming. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Proteomics Approaches for the Discovery of Potential Enzymatic Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

by Yingxi Li, Nico Hüttmann, Zoran Minic and Maxim V. Berezovski

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14099 - 02 Mar 2023

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Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of death in Canadian women, with an average survival rate of 5 years after diagnosis. Early detection of BC can greatly improve patient outcomes and survival. However, a non-invasive BC detection method is not [...] Read more.

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of death in Canadian women, with an average survival rate of 5 years after diagnosis. Early detection of BC can greatly improve patient outcomes and survival. However, a non-invasive BC detection method is not currently available in clinics. Recent studies suggest that proteins from small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) could be promising biomarkers for non-invasive BC early-stage diagnosis. sEVs are membrane-enclosed vesicles secreted by cells that drive different stages of carcinogenesis in BC. The purpose of this work was to analyze different published proteomics datasets to identify enzymes that could be potentially used as diagnostic biomarkers. Three cell line studies were compared, and overlapping BC proteins were highlighted with proteins found in sEVs from blood and plasma. In total, 106 proteins were selected based on the cell line studies, of which 40 have been identified in blood/plasma sEVs. These 106 proteins were mostly enriched with cell–cell signaling and DNA repair terms based on GO analysis. Furthermore, these 40 proteins contained 11 enzymes that can be explored as potential BC biomarkers. Future validation of enzymes using cancer cell lines and blood from BC patients remains to be determined. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

In Vivo Evidence of Blue LED Light Photobiomodulation

by Giada Magni, Francesca Tatini, Michele Rossi, Gaetano de Siena, Riccardo Cicchi, Francesco S. Pavone, Stefano Bacci and Francesca Rossi

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14287 - 29 Mar 2023

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Abstract

The following study investigated the effects of blue LED light (410–430 nm) on wound healing in mice with superficial and full-thickness skin wounds. The wounds were treated with blue LED light (20.6 J/cm², 30 s), and biopsies were collected over 6 [...] Read more.

The following study investigated the effects of blue LED light (410–430 nm) on wound healing in mice with superficial and full-thickness skin wounds. The wounds were treated with blue LED light (20.6 J/cm², 30 s), and biopsies were collected over 6 days. Results showed modulation of cytokine release, increased number of granulocytes and mast cells, increased density of vessels with mast cells expressing platelet-derived growth factor, and improved collagen deposition compared to untreated wounds. The study concluded that blue light leads to faster and more effective wound healing and improved skin morphology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Experimental Identification of Aberrantly Expressed Long Non-Coding RNAs in Breast Cancer

by Irina Pronina, Svetlana Lukina, Vitaly Loginov, Aleksey Burdennyy, Tatiana Kazubskaya, Eleonora Braga and Elena Filippova

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14083 - 01 Mar 2023

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Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among women worldwide. Recently, studies of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in the regulation of various signaling pathways in cells have become increasingly important, since they demonstrate great prognostic potential in [...] Read more.

Breast cancer (BC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among women worldwide. Recently, studies of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in the regulation of various signaling pathways in cells have become increasingly important, since they demonstrate great prognostic potential in cancer. The aim of our work was to identify new aberrantly expressed lncRNAs in BC. We identified 30 aberrantly expressed lncRNAs in BC. For most lncRNAs, a decrease in the expression level by 2.34–13.2 times (p < 0.05) was noted, and only for lncRNA TERC, an increase in the expression level by 2.24 times (p = 0.034) was noted. Of greatest interest are the data obtained for the lncRNAs ADAMTS9-AS2, EMX2OS, HOTAIRM1 and MEG3, as they are consistent with the data of the bioinformatic analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Santolina chamaecyparissus L.: A Brief Overview of Its Medicinal Properties

by Tiago Azevedo, Ana I. Faustino-Rocha, Lillian Barros, Tiane C. Finimundy, Manuela Matos and Paula A. Oliveira

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14281 - 24 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1563

Abstract

Santolina chamaecyparissus, commonly known as cotton lavender, is a plant with recognized medicinal properties that has been traditionally used for several conditions, including providing relief in premenstrual syndrome and the treatment of infections and digestive disorders. Its extracts have been found to [...] Read more.

Santolina chamaecyparissus, commonly known as cotton lavender, is a plant with recognized medicinal properties that has been traditionally used for several conditions, including providing relief in premenstrual syndrome and the treatment of infections and digestive disorders. Its extracts have been found to have a range of therapeutic effects and can be used in modern medicine due to their analgesic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antispasmodic properties, or as central nervous system depressants. This work provides the readers with a review of the current research on Santolina chamaecyparissus, emphasizing its potential as a novel therapeutic approach in modern medicine, making it a functional food and nutraceutical. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

TRP Channels Interactome in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Potential Therapeutic Target

by Ahmad Taha Khalaf, Yuanyuan Wei, Samiah Yasmin Abdul Kadir, Jamaludin Zainol and Zahraa Oglah

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14133 - 08 Mar 2023

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Abstract

Integral membrane proteins, known as Transient Receptor Potential (TRP), channels are cellular sensors for various physical and chemical stimuli in the nervous system, respiratory airways, colon, pancreas, bladder, skin, cardiovascular system, and eyes. TRP channels with nine subfamilies are classified by sequence similarity, [...] Read more.

Integral membrane proteins, known as Transient Receptor Potential (TRP), channels are cellular sensors for various physical and chemical stimuli in the nervous system, respiratory airways, colon, pancreas, bladder, skin, cardiovascular system, and eyes. TRP channels with nine subfamilies are classified by sequence similarity, resulting in this superfamily’s tremendous physiological functional diversity. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common and aggressive form of pancreatic cancer. Moreover, the development of effective treatment methods for pancreatic cancer has been hindered by the lack of understanding of the pathogenesis, partly due to the difficulty in studying human tissue samples. However, scientific research on this topic has witnessed steady development in the past few years in understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie TRP channel disturbance. This brief review summarizes current knowledge of the molecular role of TRP channels in the development and progression of pancreatic ductal carcinoma to identify potential therapeutic interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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6 pages, 242 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Identification of Potential Protein Biomarkers in a Depressed Chinese Malaysian University Student Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

by Sin Yee Yap, Chai Nien Foo, Yang Mooi Lim, Foong Leng Ng, Pek Yee Tang, Jagjit Kaur Najar Singh, Sherina Mohd-Sidik and Kai-Shuen Pheh

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14089 - 09 Jun 2023

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Abstract

Depression is a serious psychological disorder with high prevalence rates, especially among university students. Serum proteins related to the immune system and oxygen and lipid transfer could have contributing roles in the development of depression and could act as biomarkers for depression. Currently, [...] Read more.

Depression is a serious psychological disorder with high prevalence rates, especially among university students. Serum proteins related to the immune system and oxygen and lipid transfer could have contributing roles in the development of depression and could act as biomarkers for depression. Currently, there is a lack of accurate biological methods that can be used to diagnose depression. Biomarkers could be an inexpensive and convenient way to predict depression and understand its pathophysiology. This study aimed to screen the serum proteome profile of a depressed student for the identification of potential depression biomarkers. A Malaysian private university student who was recruited from the pre-test study (n = 10) was further analyzed for serum proteome due to the fact that he was depressed, with scores of 15 out of 27 on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). After depleting the high-abundance proteins from the serum sample, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed to identify the expressed proteins. A total of 224 proteins were identified. Globins, globulins, apolipoproteins and glycoproteins were most commonly detected. Here, we show the potential biomarkers that can be used to identify depression vulnerable individuals. These findings may be relevant to the development of new diagnostic and treatment strategies. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and healthy controls are needed to confirm the role of these candidate biomarkers for the prediction and diagnosis of depression. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Profiling of Antibacterial Compounds from Selective Medicinal Mangrove Species

by Mahesh R. Doifode, Ashitosh S. Hosamani, Debjani Dasgupta, Prerona Boruah, Mala M. Parab and Pramodkumar P. Gupta

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14357 - 21 Apr 2023

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Abstract

Mangrove is an opulent and untapped ecosystem with great phytochemical diversity, making it suitable for the discovery of novel antimicrobial compounds. The goal of the study was to explore the pharmaceutical antibacterial and antioxidant resources from Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora [...] Read more.

Mangrove is an opulent and untapped ecosystem with great phytochemical diversity, making it suitable for the discovery of novel antimicrobial compounds. The goal of the study was to explore the pharmaceutical antibacterial and antioxidant resources from Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora mucronata and Aegiceras corniculatum and gain insight into the diversity and novelty of compounds such as alkaloids, flavanol, polyphenols etc. A liquid extract was obtained by subjecting fresh mangrove leaves to maceration and Soxhlet extraction. Plant DNA barcoding was utilized to authenticate the identity of the samples under study. A few of the obtained sequences have been communicated to GenBank (OQ696049.1, OQ696050.1, OQ692575.1, OQ679419.1). The phytochemical profiling revealed the presence of polyphenols (TPC = 8.71, 8.51, 8.77 and 5.52 mg/gm of plant tissue, respectively); flavonoids (TFC = 12.42, 8.48, 5.26 and 13.903 mg/gm of plant tissue, respectively); and alkaloids (2.5, 3.81, 4.98 and 5.21 mg/gm of plant tissue, respectively). The antioxidant potential (radical scavenging activity) was scored to be 87.8%, 89.5%, 92.07% and 45.8% (DPPH assay was conducted), respectively. The antimicrobial analysis was performed on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis. The MIC revealed maximum activity in Klebsiella pneumonia, while negligible activity was scored for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The analysis thus reveals that the plants under study may have better medicinal activity against respiratory tract organisms. In vitro biochemical analysis of different molecules present in the plants was performed using the Swiss ADME database. The present study thus reveals the preliminary compounds from selected mangrove plants that can be promising future anti-microbial therapeutics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Research into New Molecules with Anti-Inflammatory Activity

by Abel Vale, Mariana Lucas, Daniela Ribeiro and Eduarda Fernandes

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14095 - 01 Mar 2023

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Abstract

The drugs currently available as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors increase the risk of cardiovascular events, which justifies the search for new alternative anti-inflammatory molecules. This work aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the chalcones (polyhydroxylated aromatic compounds): 2′,3,4,4′,6′-pentahydroxychalcone (5OH), 2′,3,4,4′,6′-pentamethoxychalcone (5OMe), and 2′,3,4,4′-tetrahydroxychalcone [...] Read more.

The drugs currently available as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors increase the risk of cardiovascular events, which justifies the search for new alternative anti-inflammatory molecules. This work aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the chalcones (polyhydroxylated aromatic compounds): 2′,3,4,4′,6′-pentahydroxychalcone (5OH), 2′,3,4,4′,6′-pentamethoxychalcone (5OMe), and 2′,3,4,4′-tetrahydroxychalcone (butein), at non-cytotoxic concentrations, in an experimental human whole blood model. The results obtained showed that none of the chalcones under study was cytotoxic to human blood cells. From the tested chalcones, butein was the only one showing a concentration-dependent inhibitory production of prostaglandin E₂, via COX-2, in human blood (40 ± 8%, at 50 µM). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

In Silico Approach to Assessing the Polyphenols from Krishna Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) as a Keap1/Nrf2 Receptor for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

by Satish Kumar and Biswatrish Sarkar

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14207 - 14 Mar 2023

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Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease is a term used for chronic inflammatory condition that includes two diseases, i.e., ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease; both mostly affect the colon, as well as the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, respectively. If untreated, they may [...] Read more.

Inflammatory bowel disease is a term used for chronic inflammatory condition that includes two diseases, i.e., ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease; both mostly affect the colon, as well as the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, respectively. If untreated, they may cause the gut to become more constricted, rupture, produce holes, fistulas, and most alarmingly, colon cancer. One of the key signalling pathways reported to be important in IBD and colon cancer is the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. According to several studies, Keap1/Nrf2 is also implicated in T-cell differentiation and inflammation; it can block generation of IL-17, Th1 and Th17, and stop the production of various other pro-inflammatory cytokines. Most fruits and vegetables contain polyphenols, which are recognized by their possession of more than one phenolic group. By destroying Keap1, these polyphenols can activate a pathway connected to Nrf2. We have seen continuous improvements in polyphenol extraction and purification, and in research on the molecular mechanism of Keap1/Nrf2 in numerous polyphenol monomers that can control Nrf2, over the past decade. Therefore, molecular docking research was carried out to assess how Keap1/Nrf2 interacted with the common polyphenols found in Krishna Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) such as syringic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, catechin and epicatechin. Catechin was found to have the lowest binding energy (−8.2 kcal/mol), which indicates the high binding affinity between the chosen receptor and ligand. The contact hydrogen bond includes GLY364; LEU365 and LEU557. To verify these results in IBD, however, more in vitro and in vivo research is necessary. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Eco-Friendly One Pot Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Catkin Extract of Piper longum: In Vitro Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Antibiofilm Potential against Multi Drug Resistant Enteroaggregative E. coli

by Varsha Unni, Padikkamannil Abishad, Pokkittath Radhakrishnan Arya, Bibin Mohan, Sanis Juliet, Lijo John, Prejit Nambiar, Valil Kunjukunju Vinod, Asha Karthikeyan, Nitin Vasantrao Kurkure, Sukhadeo Baliram Barbuddhe, Deepak Bhiwa Rawool and Jess Vergis

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14269 - 21 Mar 2023

Viewed by 619

Abstract

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is a neglected, though emerging, bacterial pathogen associated with gastrointestinal illnesses worldwide. Recently, a surprising surge in the multi-drug resistance pattern among EAEC strains has been observed on a global scale; hence, emphasis has been given to adjuvant therapies [...] Read more.

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is a neglected, though emerging, bacterial pathogen associated with gastrointestinal illnesses worldwide. Recently, a surprising surge in the multi-drug resistance pattern among EAEC strains has been observed on a global scale; hence, emphasis has been given to adjuvant therapies to combat this nagging public health threat. This study assessed the antibacterial efficacy of ZnO NPs synthesised using the aqueous extract of Piper longum catkin against multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of EAEC. Initially, the synthesis of ZnO NPs was confirmed via UV-Vis spectroscopy and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The thermal stability of ZnO NPs was evidenced by TGA/DTA, while PXRD analysis revealed a hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure, which was then confirmed by electron microscopy. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of the bio-fabricated ZnO NPs, determined via microbroth dilution technique against MDR-EAEC (n = 3) strains, was revealed to be 125 μg/mL and 250 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the ZnO NPs were found to be variably stable and safe. The green synthesised ZnO NPs exhibited a concentration-dependent antioxidant activity and inhibited the biofilm forming ability of the tested MDR-EAEC strains. Overall, this study revealed an eco-friendly one-pot synthesis of ZnO NPs, which could be used as a fruitful antimicrobial substitute against MDR-EAEC strains. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Artificial Intelligence as an Emerging Tool for Cardiologists

by Łukasz Ledziński and Grzegorz Grześk

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14339 - 13 Apr 2023

Viewed by 824

Abstract

In the world of data, there is an urgent need to find ways to extract knowledge and information for improving patient care. Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging tool that has the potential to provide cardiologists with new insights and knowledge. The healthcare [...] Read more.

In the world of data, there is an urgent need to find ways to extract knowledge and information for improving patient care. Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging tool that has the potential to provide cardiologists with new insights and knowledge. The healthcare industry has already begun the digital transformation of vast reams of data (Big Data) that are generated in routine clinical practice. AI has the potential to make a significant impact on healthcare by improving the efficiency of clinical care, providing personalized treatment, and identifying new disease biomarkers. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) are AI techniques that utilize large datasets and computational power for analysis and decision making. There are three main ML techniques: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning. Another functional AI service that has been presented is natural language processing (NLP), and it is applicable for analyzing patient documentation. In this paper, the scope of AI workflow, the most often used algorithms, and their performance metrics are explained. Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has a prominent potential to be a useful tool for clinicians as it provides full transparency into an AI model’s decision-making process, but few applications have been reviewed. In this paper, the challenges and limitations of AI in cardiology are discussed in terms of ethical, methodological, and legal issues. Furthermore, the successful establishment of good practices toward the right development and deployment of automated ML-based systems will ensure a regulatory framework that can strengthen patients’ trust in AI/ML-based clinical decision support systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Restoration of Arterial Blood Flow Access to Rhomboid Fossa Assists in Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Normalization

by Kirill V. Zhukov, Grigorii V. Dudnik, Alexandre A. Vetcher, Bagrat A. Gasparyan and Alexander Y. Shishonin

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14551 - 05 May 2023

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Abstract

We have found a logical way to prove a mechanism that allows us to demonstrate the relationship between the restoration of arterial blood flow through the cervical vertebral arteries to the rhomboid fossa and the normalization of left ventricular hypertrophy. The human body [...] Read more.

We have found a logical way to prove a mechanism that allows us to demonstrate the relationship between the restoration of arterial blood flow through the cervical vertebral arteries to the rhomboid fossa and the normalization of left ventricular hypertrophy. The human body is considered a dissipative structure. The process of the restoration of the body should be considered a redirection of energy flows from decay to restoration. It is also necessary to take into account the role of information about the availability of oxygen coming from the rhomboid fossa to the cerebellum. We plan to conduct animal studies and create a mathematical model of the system. This may accelerate the development of this theory. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Review of Research in Developing Hydrogels with Insulin to Promote Wound Healing

by Aneta Ostróżka-Cieślik, Marcin Przybyła, Weronika Wójcik, Klaudia Birówka, Marta Majczyna and Barbara Dolińska

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14290 - 29 Mar 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 817

Abstract

Insulin affects wound healing by reducing inflammation, regulating oxidative reactions, and increasing collagen deposition. Despite the many benefits of insulin, there is still no topical product for insulin delivery through the skin on the market. The aim of this study was to review [...] Read more.

Insulin affects wound healing by reducing inflammation, regulating oxidative reactions, and increasing collagen deposition. Despite the many benefits of insulin, there is still no topical product for insulin delivery through the skin on the market. The aim of this study was to review the literature on the development of a hydrogel formulation of insulin to promote wound healing. An analysis of papers published between 2000 and 2022 was carried out. Embase, Medline, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases were used. Hydrogels may provide a starting point for developing new products or improving the efficacy of designed epidermal forms of insulin. The hydrogels used allow efficient delivery of the peptide into the wound environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Effects of Taraxacum officinale on Glioblastoma Cell Culture and Their Correlation with Hydroxycinnamic Acids Content

by Ala Fulga, Ana Casian, Igor Casian, Svetlana Protopop, Valentin Gudumac and Olga Tagadiuc

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14363 - 21 Apr 2023

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Abstract

Glioblastoma is an aggressive type of CNS tumor. The aim was to evaluate the antitumor activity of Taraxacum officinale (TO) extracts on U-138 MG glial cells and correlate it with the concentration of chicoric (ChA), chlorogenic (CGA), and caftaric (CA) acids (mg/mL) in [...] Read more.

Glioblastoma is an aggressive type of CNS tumor. The aim was to evaluate the antitumor activity of Taraxacum officinale (TO) extracts on U-138 MG glial cells and correlate it with the concentration of chicoric (ChA), chlorogenic (CGA), and caftaric (CA) acids (mg/mL) in the extract. TO dry leaves were extracted with DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) and ethanol of different concentrations. The concentration of acids was determined by liquid chromatograph (Agilent 1260 with DAD). The viability of U-138 MG cells was assessed by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) test (% of viable cells). The activity of TO was compared with that of doxorubicin. The best antitumor activity was shown by TO extracts prepared with DMSO (110,000 µg/L—17.3 ± 8%, which contained ChA—8976 × 10⁻⁶ mg/mL, CGA—316.8 × 10⁻⁶ mg/mL, CA—1628 × 10⁻⁶ mg/mL), with 50% ethanol (150,000 µg/L—13.7 ± 3.2%, containing ChA—52,500 × 10⁻⁶ mg/mL, CGA—1746 × 10⁻⁶ mg/mL, CA—8460 × 10⁻⁶ mg/mL) and with 80% ethanol (40,000 µg/L—16.1 ± 9%, containing ChA—904 × 10⁻⁶ mg/mL, CGA—114.4 × 10⁻⁶ mg/mL, CA—70.4 × 10⁻⁶ mg/mL). TO extract activity was close to that of doxorubicin. In conclusion, the TO antitumor activity depends on the type of extractant and its concentration, as well as on the content of cinnamic acids. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Conventional and Chitosan Nanoparticle-Encapsulated Miltefosine Drug for Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

by Rahat Ullah Khan, Momin Khan, Qudrat Ullah, Muhammad Zahoor Khan, Aamir Sohail, Rehmat Islam, Hazrat Bilal, Shakeeb Ullah and Aamir Iqbal

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14334 - 07 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 827

Abstract

This study aimed to formulate polymer-based chitosan nanoparticles as a drug (miltefosine) delivery system for treating leishmaniasis. Miltefosine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (MLCNPs) have been synthesized and then characterized by the use of UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the zeta [...] Read more.

This study aimed to formulate polymer-based chitosan nanoparticles as a drug (miltefosine) delivery system for treating leishmaniasis. Miltefosine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (MLCNPs) have been synthesized and then characterized by the use of UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the zeta potential, drug loading content (DLC), encapsulation efficacy (EE) and the dynamic light scattering technique (DLS). Further, the in vitro anti-leishmanial activity of the characterized chitosan nanoparticles was assessed by a microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay, and in vivo efficacy was evaluated in infected BALB/c mice. The lesion healing was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank and Mann–Whitney tests. The MLCNPs were spherical-shaped (97.5 nm), which presented efficient encapsulation (97.56%), drug loading content (91.5 µg/mL) and a positive surface charge (+1.04 mV). MLCNPs were less hemolytic (6%) when compared to conventional miltefosine. MLCNPs (50 µg/mL) showed a potential antileishmanial effect (mean viability: 10 ± 0.3%) on promastigotes in comparison to conventional miltefosine (mean viability: 18 ± 1.3%). The IC50 value for MLCNPs and miltefosine was 0.0218 µg/mL and 0.3548 µg/mL, respectively. This in vivo study proved that lesions of mice treated with oral and intralesional-injected MLCNPs significantly heal (p = 0.01). MLCNPs have a significant antileishmanial effect and could be utilized as an alternative treatment for CL. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review of an Indian Plant: Cissus quadrangularis

by Hasni Sayyed Hamid and Sunila Patil

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14557 - 06 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3629

Abstract

Cissus quadrangularis (Vitaceae) is a common perennial succulent climber plant belonging to the Vitaceae family. The plant has a strong pharmacological profile with a variety of phytoconstituents and is geographically distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is prominently found [...] Read more.

Cissus quadrangularis (Vitaceae) is a common perennial succulent climber plant belonging to the Vitaceae family. The plant has a strong pharmacological profile with a variety of phytoconstituents and is geographically distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is prominently found in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. The plant is found all over India, but its presence is dominantly observed in states such as Assam, Kerala, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Uttar Pradesh. The plant in India is popularly called ‘Hadjod’ or ‘Asthisamharaka’ and is very well established as a medicine related to the management of bone, muscles, and ligament issues. Traditionally, almost all aerial and underground parts have medicinal value, but the stem is most commonly used. Phytochemicals studies performed on the plant revealed the presence of a variety of constituents, viz., tannins, proteins, carbohydrates, phenol flavonoids, triterpenoids, phytosterols, glycosides, saponins, vitamin C, and alkaloids. In addition, these plants are also a rich source of calcium. The systematic review also established the pharmacological role of the plant as a bone setter and fractured bone healer; its antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and anti-oxidant effects; bone turnover; cardiovascular and hepatoprotective properties; and many more. The current review article carried out a detailed discussion of its phytochemical and pharmacological potential. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

In Silico Study to Evaluate the Inhibitory Activity of a Few Phenylethanoid Glycosides on GSK3-β Protein for Faster Diabetic Wound Healing

by Ankit Majie, Rajdeep Saha and Biswatrish Sarkar

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14134 - 08 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 588

Abstract

Chronic wound resulting from diabetes mellitus is a significant cause of amputation worldwide. Secondary infections, lowering of nitric oxide synthase level, reduction of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels, improper extracellular matrix remodelling, neuropathy, abnormality of endothelial cell function, and vasculopathy impedes the normal wound healing [...] Read more.

Chronic wound resulting from diabetes mellitus is a significant cause of amputation worldwide. Secondary infections, lowering of nitric oxide synthase level, reduction of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels, improper extracellular matrix remodelling, neuropathy, abnormality of endothelial cell function, and vasculopathy impedes the normal wound healing cycle during diabetes. Multiple studies have concluded that Ser9 phosphorylation causes inhibition of the glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3-β) protein, which is essential for faster diabetic wound healing. Hence this protein could be a potential target for molecular interactions with prospective wound-healing molecules. Verbascoside, martynoside, echinacoside, crenatoside, and salidroside are a few phenylethanoid glycosides that have potential wound-healing ability by increasing extracellular matrix synthesis, angiogenesis, keratinocyte migration, and the functioning of macrophages and neutrophils. Thus, the five glycosides were subjected to molecular docking with GSK3-β protein (PDB ID: 1I09). This study revealed strong binding interactions with GSK3-β (between −10.2 and −7.3 kcal/mol) and inhibition constants (between 0.032 and 4.397 µM) which suggested potent inhibition of the target protein even at lower concentrations of these compounds. Further, the docked complexes were visualized to find the interaction of the ligands with the amino acid residues. However, further in vivo and in vitro studies are required to validate the activity of these phenylpropanoid glycosides in diabetic wound healing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Silybin, the Main Active Component of Silybum marianum, Affects Blood Coagulation: An In Vitro Pilot Study

by Agnieszka Mlicka, Katarzyna Siemiątkowska, Iris Plaku, Ewa Żekanowska and Artur Słomka

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14081 - 01 Mar 2023

Viewed by 621

Abstract

The health-promoting properties of Silybum marianum have been acknowledged since antiquity. This plant is credited with substantial hepatoprotective properties and is also protective in cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and neurodegeneration, mainly for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Only a few experimental studies have [...] Read more.

The health-promoting properties of Silybum marianum have been acknowledged since antiquity. This plant is credited with substantial hepatoprotective properties and is also protective in cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and neurodegeneration, mainly for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Only a few experimental studies have described the impact of Silybum marianum extract on the blood coagulation process; furthermore, these data are unsatisfactorily fragmented and need to be supplemented to understand the plant’s properties better. The predominant biologically active flavonolignan extracted from Silybum marianum is silybin, a mixture of two diastereomers, silybin A and silybin B, in approximately equimolar ratio. This study investigated the effect of silybin on the fundamental laboratory parameter for blood coagulation, namely prothrombin time (PT), an assay used to assess the extrinsic and common coagulation pathways. To evaluate the effect of silybin on PT, we prepared three solutions of silybin (Silybin (A + B mixture), PhytoLab GmbH & Co. KG, Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany) in 0.1% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma-Aldrich, Co., St. Louis, MO, USA): 10 μM, 50 μM, and 100 μM. PT was measured on a Coag 4D coagulometer (DIAGON Kft., Budapest, Hungary) using rabbit calcium thromboplastin (Dia-PT, DIAGON Kft., Budapest, Hungary) and control plasma, which is pooled plasma obtained from healthy donors (Dia-CONT, DIAGON Kft., Budapest, Hungary). A total of 10 µL of silybin solution was added to 40 µL of plasma; the sample was incubated for two minutes at 37 °C, and then 100 µL of thromboplastin, pre-warmed to 37 °C, and was added to the mixture. The coagulometer automatically gives the PT result in seconds (s). At the same time, PT was measured in the control plasma both without additional solutions and with the addition of tris-buffered saline (TBS) and 0.1% DMSO (10 µL of TBS or DMSO + 40 µL of plasma). Each measurement was performed eight times. Student’s t-test and the Friedman test with post-hoc analysis were used in the statistical analysis (Statistica 13, TIBCO Software Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA). In the first step of our study, we tested how the dilution of the plasma sample affected PT. We did not observe statistically significant differences in PT between the control plasma and the control plasma supplemented with TBS (mean ± standard deviation 14.00 ± 0.77 s vs. 13.88 ± 0.38 s, p = 0.606). We also found no statistically significant differences in PT between the control plasma and the control plasma with the addition of 0.1% DMSO (mean ± standard deviation 14.00 ± 0.77 s vs. 14.10 ± 0.26 s, p = 0.728); therefore, we further analyzed the effect of silybin on PT using DMSO at this level (0.1%). The addition of silybin solutions to the control plasma resulted in a statistically significant PT-shortener (p < 0.001). Post-hoc analysis revealed a substantial shortening of PT under the influence of 50 μM (median 13.55 s) and 100 μM solution (median 13.40 s) of silybin, compared to plasma with the addition of 0.1% DMSO alone (median 14.10 s) and plasma with the addition of the lowest, 10 μM, level of silybin (median 14.20 s). At the same time, PT in the plasma with the addition of a 50 μM and 100 μM solution of silybin did not significantly differ statistically. Our in vitro analysis characterized the possible effect of Silybum marianum on the blood coagulation process. These results require further investigation to validate their validity and clinical utility. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Potential of Green Synthesized Silver-Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites from Curcuma longa Extract against Multi-Drug-Resistant Enteroaggregative E. coli

by Pokkittath Radhakrishnan Arya, Padikkamannil Abishad, Varsha Unni, Mohan Bibin, Dias Marita, Lijo John, Asha Karthikeyan, Prejit Nambiar, Sanis Juliet, Valil Kunjukunju Vinod, Jess Vergis, Nitin Vasantrao Kurkure, Sukhadeo Baliram Barbuddhe and Deepak Bhiwa Rawool

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14088 - 01 Mar 2023

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Abstract

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) has been widely recognized as one of the leading causes of infantile diarrhoea and nutrient malabsorption in developing as well as developed countries. In recent years, drug resistance, particularly multi-drug resistance (MDR), among the EAEC strains has been widely [...] Read more.

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) has been widely recognized as one of the leading causes of infantile diarrhoea and nutrient malabsorption in developing as well as developed countries. In recent years, drug resistance, particularly multi-drug resistance (MDR), among the EAEC strains has been widely documented and could result in a therapeutic stumble. Antimicrobial alternatives are widely employed to curb this emerging public health crisis. In the present study, a facile one-pot synthesis of silver/zinc oxide nanocomposites (Ag/ZnO NCs) using a methanolic extract of stem and leaves of Curcuma longa was performed. The synthesis of Ag/ZnO NCs was confirmed using UV-vis spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, while the thermal stability was ascertained by thermogravimetric analysis with differential thermogravimetric analyses, and crystallinity was determined using powder X-ray diffraction. The shape and size of the green synthesized Ag/ZnO NCs, determined using field-emission–scanning-electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, revealed an irregular polycrystalline morphology with a size of 31.34 ± 1.27 nm. Later, the antibacterial potential of the green synthesized Ag/ZnO NCs evaluated against MDR- EAEC strains revealed a minimum inhibitory concentration of 31.25 μg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration ranging from 62.50 to 125 μg/mL. Moreover, the green synthesized Ag/ZnO NCs inhibited the biofilm-forming ability of the tested strains of MDR-EAEC. Furthermore, concentration-dependent antioxidant activity was exhibited by the green synthesized Ag/ZnO NCs, as evidenced by the ABTS assay and reducing power assay. Overall, this study demonstrated the antibacterial potential of Ag/ZnO NCs synthesized using C. longa extracts with antifouling as well as antioxidant properties, which could be used as an alternative therapeutic candidate. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

An In Silico Approach to Evaluate the Diabetic Wound Healing Potential of Phenylethanoid Glycoside in Inhibiting the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE)

by Ritika Baidya and Biswatrish Sarkar

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14137 - 08 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 737

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder and is associated with impaired wound healing. Non-healing leg and foot ulcers are a frequent significant consequence of diabetes and are caused by a combination of inadequate tissue perfusion, suppression of re-epithelialization, and poor collagen [...] Read more.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder and is associated with impaired wound healing. Non-healing leg and foot ulcers are a frequent significant consequence of diabetes and are caused by a combination of inadequate tissue perfusion, suppression of re-epithelialization, and poor collagen production. Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) is a multiligand cell surface molecule that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is crucial in the pathophysiology of poor wound healing in diabetics. By inhibiting RAGE, a chronic non-healing wound is more likely to undergo angiogenesis, enhance blood supply to hypoxic areas of the wound, and decrease the pro-inflammatory reaction and pro-apoptotic signaling. Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) are a class of natural glycosides that possess anti-diabetic, wound-healing, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Echinacoside, a phenylethanoid glycoside, has a promising role in wound healing by enhancing angiogenesis, promoting keratinocyte migration and proliferation, and enhancing neutrophil and macrophage activity. Consequently, molecular docking was performed to assess the interaction between Echinacoside and the RAGE receptor (PDB ID: 6VXG). The ligand and receptor had a strong binding interaction, as indicated by the lowest binding energy, which was found to be −6.1 kcal/mol. To further assess the activity of Echinacoside in diabetic wound healing, in vitro and in vivo studies are needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Polyherbal Oral Spray for Instant Mouth Refreshing

by Shivubha Chauhan and Dharmik Mehta

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14077 - 01 Mar 2023

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Abstract

In today’s busy lifestyle, people are experiencing a constant shortage of time for their personal care. Focus on personal health and hygiene has reduced to a significant extent. In such situations, health and hygiene of people are continuously downgrading due to a lack [...] Read more.

In today’s busy lifestyle, people are experiencing a constant shortage of time for their personal care. Focus on personal health and hygiene has reduced to a significant extent. In such situations, health and hygiene of people are continuously downgrading due to a lack of attention towards them. As the solution of such situations, the market is full of many instantly acting products containing harmful chemicals and ingredients. Mouth health and hygiene is of prime importance as it is the main gateway of food and for verbal communication. Tackling the increasing problems related to the health and hygiene of the oral cavity and emerging issues due to excessive use of instant-acting products for them is the need of the hour. Herbal formulations are proven treatment options that can deal with such situations without any untoward side effects. We have studied many traditionally used natural items to screen a few of the potent ingredients to formulate an oral spray. Developed polyherbal spray formulation using Clove oil, Peppermint oil, Fennel oil, Piper Betel oil and Cardamom oil was evaluated for various basic parameters. As all of the above herbal ingredients have already proven their activities for maintaining and improving oral hygiene and health, the final product was not evaluated for specific activities. Moreover, it does not require additional facilities. In a nutshell, the developed polyherbal spray was found to be a probable alternative for an instant mouth-refreshing product dealing with the majority of oral health and hygiene issues, especially a foul smell. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Review on Marvel Fruit: Annona muricata

by Hetakshi V. Patil, Mansi A. Dhankani and Amitkumar R. Dhankani

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14355 - 21 Apr 2023

Viewed by 1495

Abstract

The purpose of this review is to delve into the essence of Annona muricata Linn. A. muricata, also known as soursop, guanabana, and graviola, is a member of the Annonaceae family and has a long history of traditional uses. This is an [...] Read more.

The purpose of this review is to delve into the essence of Annona muricata Linn. A. muricata, also known as soursop, guanabana, and graviola, is a member of the Annonaceae family and has a long history of traditional uses. This is an evergreen plant that grows in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, primarily in Africa, South America, and Southeast Asia. The medicinal properties of the A. muricata plant are a blessing for humanity, and it has been widely used in folk medicine. A. muricata preparations on the market include candies, syrups, beverages, ice creams, and shakes. Several studies have concluded that the plant contains over 212 chemical constituents such as acetogenins, alkaloids, and phenols. The plant has antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antitumor, anthelminthic, analgesic, antiarthritic, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory, and immune-enhancing effects, as well as anti-diabetic activity. Although some toxicities have been reported, the extract of A. muricata has been found to be effective and safe. This review attempts to bring together the majority of the available information on A. muricata’s phytochemistry, traditional uses, biological activities, and toxicity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Effects of Short-Wavelength Blue Light on Fibroblasts, Experimental Evidence in Wound Healing and Cutaneous Fibrosis

by Giada Magni, Federica Cherchi, Martina Banchelli, Francesca Tatini, Patrizia Nardini, Daniele Guasti, Elisabetta Coppi, Anna Maria Pugliese, Marco Fraccalvieri, Stefano Bacci and Francesca Rossi

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14268 - 21 Mar 2023

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Abstract

Fibroblasts play a crucial role in wound healing and skin fibrosis. It is also probably the cell model used to study in vitro photobiomodulation. Our previous in vivo results evidenced a faster recovery in blue-light-treated wounds (410–430 nm). In vitro experiments demonstrated that [...] Read more.

Fibroblasts play a crucial role in wound healing and skin fibrosis. It is also probably the cell model used to study in vitro photobiomodulation. Our previous in vivo results evidenced a faster recovery in blue-light-treated wounds (410–430 nm). In vitro experiments demonstrated that the lower dose increases cell metabolism, while higher doses (30.9 and 41.2 J/cm²) reduce it. Furthermore, 20.6 J/cm² affects outward currents and Cytochrome C. Here, we described our preliminary results on the effects of blue LED light on mitochondria and reactive oxygen species production. Globally, our results demonstrated that short-wavelength blue LED light has PBM properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Nuclear Tau as an Early Molecular Marker of Alzheimer’s Disease

by Francesca Bruno, Valentina Sturiale, Desiree Brancato, Laura Gil, Isabel M. Olazabal, Fernando Pinedo, Ana B. Rebolledo, Salvatore Saccone and Concetta Federico

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14131 - 08 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 478

Abstract

Age-related neurodegenerative diseases have drawn the interest of the scientific community due to the gradual increase in the average age in the world’s population. Recent studies have indicated an altered cell cycle in the triggering of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). [...] Read more.

Age-related neurodegenerative diseases have drawn the interest of the scientific community due to the gradual increase in the average age in the world’s population. Recent studies have indicated an altered cell cycle in the triggering of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This process seems to involve nuclear tau, a protein which we have previously shown to have a central role in neuronal in vitro differentiation. In this work, we studied the role of the nuclear tau protein, specifically of the AT8 epitope, in the onset of AD to evaluate its possible use as an early molecular marker. The immunolocalization in neurons of the CA1 region of the human hippocampus from normal, senile, and AD subjects showed that the AT8 epitope decreases in senile neurons with respect to younger ones, indicating its possible role in the ectopic activation of the cell cycle in differentiated cells. Here, we show data that improve knowledge on the role of nuclear tau in neuronal differentiation and cell degeneration in AD, involving the presence/absence of AT8 in the nucleolus of neurons related to re-entry into the cell cycle. The molecular mechanisms related to the start of AD are not yet clear, so their understanding is relevant if we consider the social impact of this disease in human populations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Effects of RF Currents on Cytokines Production in Human Keratinocytes

by María Luisa Hernández-Bule, Elena Toledano-Macías, María Antonia Martínez-Pascual, Alejandro Úbeda and Montserrat Fernández-Guarino

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14096 - 01 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 565

Abstract

Wound healing consists of a sequence of coordinated phases: inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. In skin lesions, neutrophils and keratinocytes are the main cell types participating in the inflammatory phase, during which the release of mediators intervening in the regulation of the subsequent regenerative [...] Read more.

Wound healing consists of a sequence of coordinated phases: inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. In skin lesions, neutrophils and keratinocytes are the main cell types participating in the inflammatory phase, during which the release of mediators intervening in the regulation of the subsequent regenerative phases takes place. These mediators are involved in tissue regeneration through induction of transendothelial migration, enzyme secretion, cell adhesion, and T-Cell activation and cytotoxicity, as well as neutrophil accumulation at the wound site. Among these mediators, the keratinocyte-synthesized chemokines RANTES, MCP-1, MIP-1, and IL-8 stand out. Although therapies applying electromagnetic fields or electric currents have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of experimental models and in patients through reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IFN-Υ and increased production of IL-10, the knowledge on the biological basis of these effects is still limited. Previous studies by our group have shown that subthermal treatment with radiofrequency (RF) currents used in capacitive-resistive electric transfer (CRET) therapy promotes the proliferation and migration of various cell types, such as human ADSC (stem cells), fibroblasts or keratinocytes, involved in skin regeneration. This study investigates the effects of in vitro treatment with CRET currents on cytokine production by HaCat human keratinocytes. The results reveal that, compared to sham-exposed controls, RF stimulation induces decreased production of IL-8 and RANTES and increased MCP-1, without significantly affecting other chemokines such as MIP-1. Taken together, our results indicate that due to the RF effects on the production of chemokines involved in the modulation of the inflammatory phase of wound regeneration, CRET therapy could be effective in the treatment of skin wounds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Inter-Relationships of Pediatric Obesity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

by Ramadan A. Saad and Haitham MohammedHabib Qutob

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14336 - 12 Apr 2023

Viewed by 683

Abstract

Childhood (pediatric) obesity is becoming increasingly common at an alarming rate. Obese children are more likely to develop insulin resistance, relative insulin insufficiency, and type 2 diabetes. Recent research suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction is related to, and may be predictive of, insulin resistance [...] Read more.

Childhood (pediatric) obesity is becoming increasingly common at an alarming rate. Obese children are more likely to develop insulin resistance, relative insulin insufficiency, and type 2 diabetes. Recent research suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction is related to, and may be predictive of, insulin resistance among adult relatives of type 2 diabetes patients. Mitochondria produce ATP, which is used to create energy, especially in muscle tissue, and they play a role in glucose and fat metabolism. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a role in the development of metabolic diseases. Affected tissues include adipose, liver, and skeletal muscle, which all contribute to food metabolism. Since cells require a balance between mitochondrial ATP generation through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and proton gradient dissipation to avoid damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), abnormal mitochondrial function leads to fat buildup and insulin resistance. Obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are all caused by growth and transcription factors that influence mitochondrial gene expression. On the other hand, obesity and hypertension both impair heart mitochondrial biogenesis and function. By promoting the expression of chaperones, SIRT1, and antioxidants, moderate weight reduction reduces systemic inflammation and improves mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, the variables that relate mitochondrial dysfunction to pediatric obesity are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

New Resveratrol Derivatives Exhibit Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Properties and Decrease Reactive Oxygen Species Production in the SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line

by Martina Donozo, Valeria Cavallaro, Carlos Javier Baier and Ana Paula Murray

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14094 - 01 Mar 2023

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Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors constitute a pharmacotherapeutic strategy for AD treatment. Resveratrol has anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anticarcinogenic, and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to evaluate the AChE inhibitory properties and the protective role against oxidative stress damage [...] Read more.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors constitute a pharmacotherapeutic strategy for AD treatment. Resveratrol has anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anticarcinogenic, and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to evaluate the AChE inhibitory properties and the protective role against oxidative stress damage of five resveratrol analogs (M1 to M5) in SH-SY5Y cells. The studied compounds were not cytotoxic in a wide range of concentrations. The treatment of SH-SY5Y cells at the AChE’s IC50s concentration significantly decreased the AChE enzyme activity in live cells. Through the dichlorofluorescein (DCF) assay, three compounds decreased the endogenous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results demonstrate that, in addition to their action as biologically active AChE inhibitors, some resveratrol derivatives exhibit neuroprotective effects against endogenous ROS production. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

In Silico Study of the Functional Effects of TNRC6B Polymorphic Loci Associated with the Risk of Developing Uterine Leiomyomas According to Genome-Wide Studies

by Ola Mohamad Alali

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2023021032 - 16 Jun 2023

Viewed by 792

Abstract

Uterine leiomyoma (UL) is the most common benign tumor causing considerable morbidity during the reproductive years in women with contributions from environmental and genetic factors. According to the GWAS studies, there are many genes and polymorphisms that are related with and are somehow [...] Read more.

Uterine leiomyoma (UL) is the most common benign tumor causing considerable morbidity during the reproductive years in women with contributions from environmental and genetic factors. According to the GWAS studies, there are many genes and polymorphisms that are related with and are somehow responsible for the UL pathogenesis, but the biological mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the published GWAS studies of UL to recognize the significant functionality of TNRC6B polymorphism linked with UL. Six SNPs were selected based on the seven GWAS published on their association with UL by PubMed database. For their analyses, including their epigenetic effects, expression and splicing patterns, we used in silico approach and bioinformatics tools (HaploReg, GTEx-portal and Gene Ontology Resource). Based on HaploReg, several epigenetic effects regulating these SNPs were found as: rs12484776 (one motif changed, sixteen enhancers and four DNAs histone markers), rs4821939 (three motifs changed, eleven enhancers, four protein bounds and five DNAs histone markers), rs733381 (two motifs changed, eleven enhancers, one protein bound and two DNAs histone markers), rs12484951 (one motif changed histone markers), rs3830738 (five motifs changed histone markers) and rs17332320 (two motifs changed and two DNAs histone markers). Based on on GTEx, it was inferred that rs12484776, rs4821939, rs733381, rs3830738, rs12484951 and rs17332320 are associated with the expression of genes/in tissues as 4/4, 4/4, 4/4, 3/3, 4/4 and 2/2, respectively. These loci do not regulate the expression level of any genes in the UL pathophysiology important tissues, and are not associated with the alternative splicing traits (sQTL) of any gene in any tissue. Gene Ontology Resource indicated that no statistically significant biological pathways for genes associated with the studied polymorphisms have been identified. The in silico analysis of GWAS TNRC6B gene polymorphisms significant for fibroids have pronounced epigenetic effects and affect the expression of six genes (RP51042K10.10, FAM83F, TNRC6B, RP51042K10.13, SLC25A17 and XPNPEP3), which may be the basis of their involvement in the pathophysiology of fibroids. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Burgeoning Nanotechnology for Diabetic Wound Healing: A Novel Approach to the Future

by Debojyoti Mandal and Jeena Gupta

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14291 - 29 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1025

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a widespread, long-term illness recognised as elevated blood sugar. Infection, inadequate blood flow, neuropathy and insufficient proliferative and cytokine signalling slow down wound healing in diabetics. Recent research has shown that the majority of wound treatments that are currently [...] Read more.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a widespread, long-term illness recognised as elevated blood sugar. Infection, inadequate blood flow, neuropathy and insufficient proliferative and cytokine signalling slow down wound healing in diabetics. Recent research has shown that the majority of wound treatments that are currently on the market are not sufficient to meet patients’ needs. Advancements in nanotechnology can help researchers to establish new therapeutic methods or improve existing ones. Nanodrug delivery systems, in particular, have emerged as a major player in the area of dermal restoration due to their slow drug release and abilities to tether bioactive components to the targeted area and dramatically improve the effectiveness of medication. Manufactured agents in the field of nanotherapy, such as nanoparticles and nanoscafolds, have recently shown promise for use in the management of diabetic wounds. Nanoparticles used in medicine have a large surface area relative to their size. Because of this, they have a better chance of interacting with living things and entering wounds. They work effectively in the slow, localised delivery of drugs that stimulate cell-to-cell communication, proliferation, blood vessel formation, signalling, and biomolecule production during wound healing. One or more therapeutic molecules can be released into the intended site slowly over time using nanoparticles. The promising results seen with nanoparticulate systems indicate that research into this technology’s capabilities will expand in the near future, expanding nanotechnology’s substantial medical benefits. Focusing on diabetic wounds, we evaluated the viability and efficacy of the most recently developed nanotechnology-based medications. In this article, we scrutinise the unmet needs of the wound-healing field, as well as the future directions of the currently available technologies, while also discussing novel approaches that can advance the field. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Modulatory Action of Phenolic-Enriched Combretum paniculatum Vent Ethanolic Extract on Oxidoinflammatory Anomalies in Experimental Animals

by Ifeoma Felicia Chukwuma, Florence Nkechi Nworah and Victor Onukwube Apeh

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14085 - 01 Mar 2023

Viewed by 404

Abstract

Medicinal plants with favorable therapeutic effects have gained interest over conventional drugs in the treatment of oxidative stress and inflammatory-mediated diseases. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Combretum paniculatum ethanolic extract (CPEE) were investigated in this study using in vitro and in vivo [...] Read more.

Medicinal plants with favorable therapeutic effects have gained interest over conventional drugs in the treatment of oxidative stress and inflammatory-mediated diseases. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Combretum paniculatum ethanolic extract (CPEE) were investigated in this study using in vitro and in vivo analyses. The results of phytochemical screening, recorded in mg/100 g, revealed that CPEE is phenolic-rich and also contains a high abundance of alkaloids, reducing sugars, and flavonoids. Terpenoids and tannins were recorded in moderate quantities. Our in vitro analysis revealed that CPEE inhibited nitric oxide, phospholipase A2, and thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substance activities, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of 6.55, 361.1 and 2.28 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the in vivo study showed that the implantation of cotton pellets elicited increases in granuloma tissue formation and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) while decreasing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the untreated groups compared to normal rats. Interestingly, the groups treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg of CPEE had decreased granuloma tissue, and MDA, with an increase in the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH. These findings suggest that CPEE ameliorated chronic inflammatory-induced oxidative stress in the experimental animals. Thus, it could be applied as an effective remedy for the development of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Nepeta nuda L. Plant Extract Preserves the Morphology of Red Blood Cells Subjected to Oxidative Stress

by Stefani Petrova, Nikol Mazhdrakova, Svetla Todinova, Velichka Strijkova, Miroslava Zhiponova and Sashka Krumova

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14086 - 01 Mar 2023

Viewed by 541

Abstract

We show that an extract from catmint (Nepeta nuda L.) flowers is not hemotoxic and does not alter erythrocytes’ morphology. H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress leads to an increase in lipid peroxidation, accompanied by a reduction in the number of [...] Read more.

We show that an extract from catmint (Nepeta nuda L.) flowers is not hemotoxic and does not alter erythrocytes’ morphology. H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress leads to an increase in lipid peroxidation, accompanied by a reduction in the number of biconcave cells and an increase in the number of echinocytes. Pre-treatment of erythrocytes with this extract does not reduce the lipid peroxidation level; however, it results in partial restoration of the relative abundance of biconcave cells and a respective reduction in the echinocytes’ quantity. Our data reveal the concentrations at which the examined extract exhibits a protective effect on erythrocytes’ morphology under the condition of H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Multialgorithm-Based Docking Reveals Imidazolidinyl Urea as a Multitargeted Inhibitor for Lung Cancer

by Shaban Ahmad and Khalid Raza

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14138 - 08 Mar 2023

Viewed by 583

Abstract

Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers, responsible for more than 1.80 million deaths annually worldwide, and it is on the priority list of the WHO. In the current scenario, when cancer cells become resistant to drugs, making them less effective and [...] Read more.

Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers, responsible for more than 1.80 million deaths annually worldwide, and it is on the priority list of the WHO. In the current scenario, when cancer cells become resistant to drugs, making them less effective and leaving the patient in vulnerable conditions. To overcome this situation, researchers are constantly working on new drugs and medications that can help fight drug resistance and improve patients’ outcomes. In this study, we have taken five main proteins of lung cancer, namely RSK4 N-terminal kinase, guanylate kinase, cyclin-dependent kinase 2, kinase CK2 holoenzyme, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and screened the prepared Drug Bank library with 155,888 compounds against all using three Glide-based docking algorithms, namely HTVS, standard precision and extra precise, with a docking score ranging from −5.422 to −8.432 Kcal/mol. The poses were filtered with the MM\GBSA calculations, which helped to identify Imidazolidinyl urea C11H16N8O8 (DB14075) as a multitargeted inhibitor for lung cancer, validated with advanced computations such as ADMET and interaction pattern fingerprints. Further, it is proposed to optimise the compound with Jaguar and MD Simulation for at least 100 ns with NPT ensemble class to analyse the deviation and fluctuations and possible interactions for stability and experimental validation on the A549 cell line. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

De Novo Drug Design of Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like Protease

by Edgar Clyde R. Lopez

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14368 - 23 Apr 2023

Viewed by 778

Abstract

Here, potential inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PL^pro) are reported. A drug molecule (PL^pro-50), designed de novo using generative neural networks, interacts with PL^pro via hydrogen bonding, forming a salt bridge, and π–π stacking, making it a [...] Read more.

Here, potential inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PL^pro) are reported. A drug molecule (PL^pro-50), designed de novo using generative neural networks, interacts with PL^pro via hydrogen bonding, forming a salt bridge, and π–π stacking, making it a promising drug against PL^pro. PL^pro-50 has an excellent ADMET profile with good absorbability, high clearance, and low toxicity. Molecular dynamics analysis revealed the stability of the receptor–ligand complex of PL^pro-50 and PL^pro. An organic retrosynthesis study showed the feasibility of PL^pro-50 to be synthesized using low-cost starting materials. Further studies should be performed to determine whether the determined drug candidates are efficacious in treating COVID-19 infections. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

De Novo Drug Design of Potential Inhibitors of the Receptor-Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2 Variants

by Edgar Clyde R. Lopez

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14371 - 24 Apr 2023

Viewed by 650

Abstract

In this study, novel potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 variants were designed de novo using generative neural networks. The top-performing ligand based on docking performance and ADMET profiles was CID #526. It forms several hydrogen bonds with wild-type SARS-CoV-2, indicating its potential as an [...] Read more.

In this study, novel potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 variants were designed de novo using generative neural networks. The top-performing ligand based on docking performance and ADMET profiles was CID #526. It forms several hydrogen bonds with wild-type SARS-CoV-2, indicating its potential as an inhibitor of the receptor-binding domain. Mutated variants of the RBD also showed good interactions with CID #526, implying the inhibitory properties of our top-performing compound against various variants. Molecular dynamics analysis showed a stable ligand–RBD complex. CID #526 can easily be synthesized using low-cost starting molecules. Overall, the generated ligands merit further investigation to determine their efficacy and safety as a treatment for COVID-19. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Reprogrammed CD8⁺ T-Cells Isolated from the Mouse Spleen Increase the Number of Immune Cells with Antitumor Activity and Decrease the Amount of Cancer Stem Cells

by Evgenii G. Skurikhin, Olga Pershina, Mariia Zhukova, Angelina Pakhomova, Natalia Ermakova, Darius Widera, Edgar Pan, Lubov Sandrikina, Lena Kogai, Nikolai Kushlinskii, Sergey Morozov, Aslan Kubatiev and Alexander Dygai

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14132 - 08 Mar 2023

Viewed by 722

Abstract

We have developed an approach to reprogramming immune cells by inhibiting the MAPK/ERK pathway through MEKi and the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint signaling pathway. We hypothesized that reprogramming of spleen CD8⁺ T-cells could also create a population of immune cells with high antitumor [...] Read more.

We have developed an approach to reprogramming immune cells by inhibiting the MAPK/ERK pathway through MEKi and the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint signaling pathway. We hypothesized that reprogramming of spleen CD8⁺ T-cells could also create a population of immune cells with high antitumor activity. We reprogrammed CD8⁺ T-cells derived from the spleen of C57BL/6 mice (rsCD8⁺T-cells). In the orthotopic LLC model, cell therapy with rsCD8⁺T-cells increased the amount of proliferating CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T-cells in blood and lung tissue from mice. The amount of cancer stem cells (CSC) decreased in the blood and lung of mice treated with rsCD8⁺ T-cells. A morphological study revealed a decrease in the number of metastases in lung tissue. The antitumor effects of rsCD8⁺T-cells are based on the activation of the host immune response by increasing the populations of CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T-cells and apoptosis of CSCs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Evaluation of the Coagulation Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis from the Perspective of IgG Antibodies against Thrombus-Related Components

by Maria S. Hadjiagapiou, George Krashias, Christina Christodoulou, Marios Pantzaris and Anastasia Lambrianides

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14092 - 01 Mar 2023

Viewed by 391

Abstract

The strong link between coagulation and inflammation has recently been investigated in multiple sclerosis (MS) in the light of coagulant serine proteases as pro-inflammatory mediators in MS animal models. Our work attempted to enlighten the role of IgG antibodies against the coagulant proteases [...] Read more.

The strong link between coagulation and inflammation has recently been investigated in multiple sclerosis (MS) in the light of coagulant serine proteases as pro-inflammatory mediators in MS animal models. Our work attempted to enlighten the role of IgG antibodies against the coagulant proteases and characterize their effects in MS pathology. Serum samples from 15 seropositive MS patients for IgG against factor(F)VIIa, thrombin, prothrombin, FXa, FXII, plasmin, and protein C were subjected to antibody purification, followed by in vitro stimulation of human astrocytes. Samples from fourteen healthy controls and eight negative MS patients for antibodies were also subjected to the same procedure as negative controls. The expression levels of the thrombin-activated receptor (PAR-1) and activated pro-inflammatory ERK1/2 kinases were analyzed by immunoblot to evaluate intracellular pathways triggered by these antibodies. PAR-1 and ERK1/2 were upregulated up to four-fold and 2.5-fold, respectively, after stimulation with anti-thrombin IgG fraction or fractions with multiple antibodies, compared to untreated cells. Conversely, no substantial alteration was observed when samples from negative patients for IgG and controls were applied. Thus, IgG against coagulation components might be pro-inflammatory molecules useful for prognosis, monitoring, and developing new therapeutic approaches for MS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Potential Hypoglycemic Secondary Metabolites from Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.) Bojer Influencing Human Gut Health

by Anuja D. Kamble, Anupa A. Kumbhar, Rashmi P. Kulkarni and Anjali A. Kulkarni

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14090 - 01 Mar 2023

Viewed by 510

Abstract

In the last few decades, natural products from plants have developed immense importance in human health due to their therapeutic multi-functionality. They have also been reported to enhance human gut health, which is another important factor in overall human health. Diabetes Mellitus Type [...] Read more.

In the last few decades, natural products from plants have developed immense importance in human health due to their therapeutic multi-functionality. They have also been reported to enhance human gut health, which is another important factor in overall human health. Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM 2) is now a global concern with 6.28% of the world’s population affected by it. Many hypoglycemic drugs currently available in the market are either directly or indirectly based on a number of plant secondary metabolites. In the current study, we aimed to find out the hypoglycemic secondary metabolites from a leaf methanolic extract of Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.) Bojer (Family: Convolvulaceae). In the in vitro experiment, this extract showed good inhibitory activity against Porcine Pancreatic Alpha-amylase (PPA) with IC₅₀ value of 1.1 mg/mL. The presence of Quercetin and Ursolic acid was identified in the leaf methanolic extract using HPTLC, HPLC, and MS analysis. The calculated IC₅₀ values against PPA, for standard Quercetin and Ursolic acid, were 16.5 µg/mL and 13.2 µg/mL, respectively. The in silico studies used both of these compounds as ligands against PPA (PDB ID: 1OSE) in AutoDock 4.2.6. Significant binding energies of −9.89 kcal/mol and −8.96 kcal/mol were seen for Quercetin and Ursolic acid, respectively, while Acarbose (the drug used as the positive control) had a binding energy of −12.48 kcal/mol. Both Quercetin and Ursolic acid strongly interacted with the pivotal amino acid residues such asGlu233, Asp197, and Asp300, which are present at the active site of PPA, thus upholding our in vitro experimental results. Both the compounds have exhibited beneficial effects on human gut health in DM 2 and related complications. The docking results of them with a few intestinal markers that are significant in gut health will also be discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Scheme 8-Isoprostane and Interleukin-8 Levels in Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis

by Alicja Bauer and Andrzej Habior

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14139 - 08 Mar 2023

Viewed by 385

Abstract

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a slowly progressive cholestatic autoimmune liver disease which leads to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver failure. Oxidative stress seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases. The serum level of 8-isoprostane is a marker [...] Read more.

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a slowly progressive cholestatic autoimmune liver disease which leads to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver failure. Oxidative stress seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases. The serum level of 8-isoprostane is a marker of oxidative stress in vivo. Oxidative stress causes the production of interleukin 8 (IL-8), which belongs to pro-inflammatory cytokines. The aim of the study was to determine whether the degree of lipid peroxidation determined by measuring the serum level of 8-isoprostane and the elevated concentration of IL-8 influences the progression of PBC. In the study, 72 PBC patients, 15 pathological controls (patients with other autoimmune liver diseases), and 15 healthy blood donors were enrolled. Serum levels of IL-8 and 8-isoprostane in PBC patients were significantly higher compared with the control groups: 91.1 ± 20.1 vs. 4.8 ± 0.6 pg/mL, p = 0.0077; 238.9 ± 226.9 pg/mL vs. 12.3 ± 11.9 pg/mL, p < 0.001, respectively. Serum 8-isoprostane values were positively correlated with a higher concentration of IL-8, bilirubin concentration, and severe liver fibrosis. A correlation between the concentration of IL-8, 8-isoprostane, and specific autoantibodies was observed. The results show that IL-8 and 8-isoprostane may be an important factor in liver pathologies in patients with PBC, especially in the development of inflammatory processes. Serum 8-isoprostane might be a promising marker for the prediction of the degree of liver fibrosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Neuroimmunomodulation in Chronic Wound Healing after Treatment with Photodynamic Therapy: The Role of iNOs

by Lorenzo Notari, Patrizia Nardini, Vieri Grandi, Alessandro Corsi, Nicola Pimpinelli and Stefano Bacci

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14135 - 08 Mar 2023

Viewed by 481

Abstract

The term neuroimmunomodulation defines the modulating role of the nervous system in relation to immune functions. This phenomenon is possible due to the existence of receptors for neurotransmitters in immune cells. The neuronal mediators are also able to direct and modulate many of [...] Read more.

The term neuroimmunomodulation defines the modulating role of the nervous system in relation to immune functions. This phenomenon is possible due to the existence of receptors for neurotransmitters in immune cells. The neuronal mediators are also able to direct and modulate many of the events in the wound-healing process. Among these substances, nitric oxide (NO) is a neuromodulator involved in the control of vascular tone and blood pressure, which has a vasodilator and antimicrobial effect. Photodynamic treatments in venous leg ulcers have shown how this therapy stimulates the activity of immune cells involved in healing, which have, among their functions, the function of releasing NO into the extracellular space. The experimental results showed an increase in the expression of iNOs (the enzyme involved in the secretion of NO) in PDT-treated lesions, underlining its central role in improving the clinical condition of the wound. In light of such evidence, the versatility of this protein would therefore assume a key role in the definition of new clinical therapies, as well as in the study of the process of wound healing itself. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

In Silico Study of Mangrove Triterpenoids as SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors

by Ramamoorthy Purushothaman, Ganapathy Vishnuram and Thirugnanasambandam Ramanathan

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14332 - 29 Jun 2023

Viewed by 554

Abstract

Aim: In the present study, we performed an in silico study on the triterpenoid compounds from the mangrove plant as potential COVID-19 main protease (Mpro) inhibitors, which can be used as a potential medicine target. Methods: In this study we performed molecular docking [...] Read more.

Aim: In the present study, we performed an in silico study on the triterpenoid compounds from the mangrove plant as potential COVID-19 main protease (Mpro) inhibitors, which can be used as a potential medicine target. Methods: In this study we performed molecular docking using AutoDock software. Results: The binding energies obtained through the docking of 6LU7 with beta-amyrin, betulin, germanicol, taraxerol, lupeol, lupane, simiarenol, tirucallol, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, and alpha-amyrin were -8.37, −8.73, −8.06, −7.71, −8.32, −8.49, −8.16, −8.99, −9.24, −8.87, and −8.89 kcal/mol, respectively. Further, these results were also confirmed with drug-likeness properties by using Swiss ADME software. Conclusion: This study showed that triterpenoid compounds seemed to have the best potential to act as COVID-19 Mpro inhibitors, and that they contain a potential lead compound for the development of drugs, which can be used against SARS-CoV-2. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

A Systematic Review: Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine for Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

by Mansi A. Dhankani, Harshada J. Patil and Amitkumar R. Dhankani

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14362 - 21 Apr 2023

Viewed by 6565

Abstract

The endocrine disorder polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is complicated. In India, two out of every ten women have PCOS. PCOS can also be identified with a polycystic ovary morphology and an ovulatory hyperandrogenism. PCOS, defined as one of the most common female endocrine [...] Read more.

The endocrine disorder polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is complicated. In India, two out of every ten women have PCOS. PCOS can also be identified with a polycystic ovary morphology and an ovulatory hyperandrogenism. PCOS, defined as one of the most common female endocrine diseases, affects about 20–25% of women of reproductive age, and is thought to be one of the primary causes of female infertility. Metabolic abnormalities, irregular periods, hypertension, and increased insulin levels are more prone to occur in women with PCOS. In addition, there are more sub-follicular cysts and increased androgen production, including testosterone from the ovaries. Low vitamin levels in PCOS women place them at a high risk for developing severe COVID-19, a risk that may be increased by limited sun exposure brought on by COVID-19 quarantine measures. Therefore, there is a greater need for the public awareness of PCOS. PCOS is a treatable illness that can be treated with safe and effective natural remedies, including the use of various herbs and seeds. To decrease the cost, length, and side effects of current treatments, polyherbal formulations must be developed based on the aforementioned variables. By altering a woman’s diet, exercise, doing yoga asanas, and altering her lifestyle, PCOS can be controlled. An effort has been made to review the utilization of natural remedies for PCOS treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

Diagnostic Tool for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Lyophilized Serum

by Mohammed S. Mohammed and Asmaa M. S. Mohammed

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14293 - 29 Mar 2023

Viewed by 657

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The international protocol used to diagnose non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) usually faces an inappropriate result due to the poor diagnostic ability in the early stages. Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA), an established serum tumor marker that is used for NSCLC diagnosis, [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: The international protocol used to diagnose non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) usually faces an inappropriate result due to the poor diagnostic ability in the early stages. Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA), an established serum tumor marker that is used for NSCLC diagnosis, has limited sensitivity and specificity, but, still, it is the predominant complementary detecting tool wherein its results confirm diagnostic radiology findings (PET-CT). Unfortunately, the limited range of its sensitivity is unable to classify approximately one third of patients suffering from NSCLC. Due to a huge number of patients lately classified as NSCLC, the efficacy of the offered treatment is limited. Hence, the importance of discovering, improving, and establishing a new technique that participates in the NSCLC diagnosis is indeed urgent. Methods: The low angle x-ray scattering (LAXS) technique was applied on the lyophilized serum of NSCLC patients to create patient profiles that were able to distinguish the molecular differences between NSCLC patients, avoiding the undesirable radiation exposure to the patients. Results: The created LAXS profile was characterized by two peaks. The first scattering peak at 4.8° was sensitive to molecular alterations in protein structures that were the main characteristic differences from the normal serum. Comparing the measurements of LAXS profiles of NSCLC with the normal sera, the unique first scattering peak at 4.8° was elucidated as a characterization shape and profile for NSCLC and normal individuals. Conclusions: Using the LAXS technique gives us full details at a molecular level that are introduced as a promising tool that could be a supporter in NSCLC early detection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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Open AccessProceeding Paper

HPLC Screening of Phytoestrogens from Soybeans in Conjunction with Chemometric Data Analysis: A Tool for Selecting the Best Raw Materials for Producing Dietary Supplements for Menopausal Health

by Edward Muntean, Camelia Urda and Raluca Rezi

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14082 - 01 Mar 2023

Viewed by 424

Abstract

Soybeans are one of the primary dietary sources of isoflavones - phytoestrogens with numerous benefits to human health, including alleviating menopausal symptoms, reducing the risk of certain types of cancer and many others. This research provides a combined approach of high-performance liquid chromatography [...] Read more.

Soybeans are one of the primary dietary sources of isoflavones - phytoestrogens with numerous benefits to human health, including alleviating menopausal symptoms, reducing the risk of certain types of cancer and many others. This research provides a combined approach of high-performance liquid chromatography and chemometry, which is able to highlight in a fast way the isoflavone content of soybean seeds belonging to different genotypes. The proposed approach can be considered not only for quality control assessment purposes, but also for assisting breeding programs targeted to develop new genotypes with the desired isoflavone content. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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1497 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

A New Murine Highly Localized High-Dose Muscle Radiation Model as a Tool to Develop Innovative Countermeasures to Treat Radio-Induced Muscular Lesions

by Nicolas Jullien, Emmanuelle Rota Graziosi, Michel Gauthier, Michel Drouet, Sabine Francois and Diane Riccobono

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14280 - 24 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 430

Abstract

Acute localized irradiation accidents may evolve into a musculocutaneous radiation-induced syndrome that leaves a significant underlying muscle defect despite standard treatment. The identification of new therapeutic targets is, therefore, necessary to improve post-irradiation muscle repair. Thus, the validation of an in vivo model [...] Read more.

Acute localized irradiation accidents may evolve into a musculocutaneous radiation-induced syndrome that leaves a significant underlying muscle defect despite standard treatment. The identification of new therapeutic targets is, therefore, necessary to improve post-irradiation muscle repair. Thus, the validation of an in vivo model of radiation-induced muscle injury has been initiated in C57Bl/6J mice. In the model presented in this study, the high-dose ionizing radiation exposure is focused on gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, does not affect bones, and is a part of hindlimb vascularization. It aims at identifying original metabolic pathways specifically involved in muscle damage and evaluating innovative therapeutic strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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2266 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Signature Garlic Phytochemical as a Potential Anti-Candidal Candidate Targeting Virulence Factors in Candida albicans

by Ziaul Hasan, Asimul Islam and Luqman Ahmad Khan

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14080 - 01 Mar 2023

Viewed by 438

Abstract

Resistance to presently available antifungals and their toxicities is a serious concern throughout the world. It is necessary to investigate innovative, more effective molecules especially derived from medicinally active plants with lesser side effects. Allyl methyl sulfide (AMS), an organosulfur derived from garlic [...] Read more.

Resistance to presently available antifungals and their toxicities is a serious concern throughout the world. It is necessary to investigate innovative, more effective molecules especially derived from medicinally active plants with lesser side effects. Allyl methyl sulfide (AMS), an organosulfur derived from garlic oil, was explored for its activity against Candida albicans strains. The minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of AMS were found to be 200 µg/mL and 250 µg/mL, and the Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) values of AMS were 400 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL for the selected strains, respectively. Fungal growth in C. albicans was 90% inhibited at their respective MIC values, as demonstrated by micro broth dilution experiments. After treatment with AMS, C. albicans’ release of extracellular proteinases, phospholipases, and biofilm formation was significantly inhibited. In C. albicans, AMS treatment also reduces attachment to buccal epithelial tissues as measured microscopically. In addition, AMS exhibited significant control over yeast to hypha transitions in C. albicans cells, which constitutes one of the major virulent features of the Candida species. All the findings of this study indicate that AMS may be a potential alternative to commonly used antifungals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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237 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Development of Medical Shampoo with a Plant-Based Substance for the Treatment of Seborrheic Dermatitis

by Viktor A. Filatov, Olesya Yu. Kulyak and Elena I. Kalenikova

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14084 - 01 Mar 2023

Viewed by 634

Abstract

Dermatological diseases of the scalp such as seborrheic dermatitis (SD) significantly affect the quality of life of a population. Medical shampoos with synthetic substances have adverse effects that can be alleviated by use of medical shampoos with plant-based substances. Therefore, the aim of [...] Read more.

Dermatological diseases of the scalp such as seborrheic dermatitis (SD) significantly affect the quality of life of a population. Medical shampoos with synthetic substances have adverse effects that can be alleviated by use of medical shampoos with plant-based substances. Therefore, the aim of this research was to develop a natural medical shampoo with a plant-based substance that is effective for the treatment of SD. The natural-based surfactants helped to achieve proper characteristics and pH-stability. The medical shampoo formulation with the novel substance, made from Melaleuca alternifolia leaf oil, 1,8-cineole and (-)-α-bisabolol, at a concentration of 0.75% exhibited high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus with log10CFU reduction >1.0. Interestingly, the antifungal activity against Candida albicans (a model host of Malassezia species) was comparable to that of ketoconazole, climbazole and piroctone olamine when using the broth microdilution method. The shampoo formulation with a combination of natural-based surfactants possessed the optimal characteristics, such as physical appearance, pH-stability and density foam stability. Therefore, the developed natural-based medical shampoo with a substance of plant origin could be used for the prophylaxis and alleviation of SD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

9753 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

GC-MS Based Metabolite Profiling, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Aqueous Extract of Myrica esculenta through In Vitro and In Silico Approach

by Amit Kumar Shrivastava, Dipendra Chaudhary, Laxmi Shrestha, Maaweya E. Awadalla, Samia T. Al-Shouli, Anjan Palikhey, Wafa Ali Eltayb, Anamika Gupta, Pramodkumar P. Gupta, Mala Parab, Anchal Trivedi, Aditi Srivastava and Mohnad Abdalla

Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 21(1), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECB2023-14079 - 01 Mar 2023

Viewed by 725

Abstract

In the present study was to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract of the bark and root of Myrica esculenta and their active phytoconstituents through in vitro and in silico studies. The bioactive phytoconstituent of Myrica esculenta was determined by GC-MS [...] Read more.

In the present study was to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract of the bark and root of Myrica esculenta and their active phytoconstituents through in vitro and in silico studies. The bioactive phytoconstituent of Myrica esculenta was determined by GC-MS spectroscopy techniques. After that, total phenolic and flavonoid content of both bark and root extract was determined. Furthermore, in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was determined in both extracts. The molecular docking analysis determined the binding affinity of bioactive compounds against inflammatory proteins such as COX-1, COX-2, IL-10, and TNF-α. The present study revealed that bark extract of Myrica esculenta has the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content compared with root extract (553.44 ± 18.38 mg GAE/g equivalent and 336.02 ± 8.04 mg quercetin/g equivalent, respectively). Similarly, the bark extract showed good inhibitory activity with 5-LOX and HYA assay (IC₅₀ 11.26 ± 3.93 and 21.61 ± 8.27 µg/mL, respectively), but 15-Lox inhibitory assay root extract showed the highest inhibitory activity, IC₅₀ 16.95 ± 5.92 µg/mL. The docking result showed that myricetin, arjunolic acid, and myricanone have the highest binding affinity with all inflammatory proteins in respective order: myricetin > arjunolic acid > celecoxib > myricanone > myricitrin > 3-epi-ursonic acid. The MD simulation of COX-1 and myricetin showed the highest stability and low deviation at 310 K through RMSD values (1.07–2.3 Å) as compared with COX-1 and myricitrin (0.193–1.885 Å) and TNF-α and myricanone (1.377 to 3.457 Å), respectively, when analyzed at 100 ns time frame. The extracts and their active constituents showed good anti-inflammatory activity. Further study is essential to define their mechanism of action. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Electronic Conference on Biomedicines)

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