Journal Description
Medical Sciences Forum
Medical Sciences Forum
is an open access journal dedicated to publishing findings resulting from academic conferences, workshops and similar events in all areas of medical sciences, for advances in basic, translational and clinical research and related disciplines. The conference organizers and proceedings editors are responsible for managing the peer-review process and selecting papers for conference proceedings.
Latest Articles
Understanding “Eco Anxiety” in Adolescents and Young Adults
Med. Sci. Forum 2024, 25(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2024025004 - 06 Mar 2024
Abstract
As environmental issues become more complex, so do our emotional responses to them. Paul Robbins and Sarah A. Moore offer the term “ecological anxiety” to frame scholarly discourse around a fearful response to the “negative normative influence of humans on the earth” and
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As environmental issues become more complex, so do our emotional responses to them. Paul Robbins and Sarah A. Moore offer the term “ecological anxiety” to frame scholarly discourse around a fearful response to the “negative normative influence of humans on the earth” and the “inherent influence of normative human values within one’s own science”. This comprehensive literature review unpacks the implications of “eco anxiety” within. The eco anxiety framework is relatively new, with minimal consensus on symptomatic criteria. To appropriately reflect the thoughts, emotions, and experiences of adolescents and young adults, this literature review encourages more accessible climate communication for the sake of the public and science community. Furthermore, more avenues of research are needed to study the term eco anxiety to fit a global context extending beyond Western understanding.
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Synthesis of Lignin Nanoparticles: Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches
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Rossella Grappa, Virginia Venezia, Brigida Silvestri, Aniello Costantini and Giuseppina Luciani
Med. Sci. Forum 2024, 25(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2024025003 - 26 Feb 2024
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Lignin, a main byproduct from paper manufacturing and biorefineries, is now emerging as a new low-cost, renewable starting material for new product development. Its biocompatibility and safety make it valuable for creating novel and value-added products. Lignin, a polymer with many hydrophilic and
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Lignin, a main byproduct from paper manufacturing and biorefineries, is now emerging as a new low-cost, renewable starting material for new product development. Its biocompatibility and safety make it valuable for creating novel and value-added products. Lignin, a polymer with many hydrophilic and active groups, confers many useful properties. However, there are several challenges to overcome due to its complex chemical structure and heterogeneous self-assembly behavior. Nanostructured systems using lignin could address these challenges, finding applications in food science, cosmetics, and healthcare. This study explores two main green synthesis approaches for lignin nanoparticles: bottom-up based on the self-assembly in a solvent–antisolvent system and top-down based on the ultrasonication. These nanoparticles are evaluated for morphology, estimation of phenolic content and antioxidant effects. Specifically, the antisolvent nanostructures show a spherical conformation with a higher antioxidant activity due to a better organization of phenolic hydroxyl groups. Obtained result have been exploited to draw an efficient and cheap technological route for lignin valorization.
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Towards a One Health Assessment of Artisanal and Informal Mining in Benue State, Nigeria
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Samuel N. Paul, Chiara Frazzoli and Orish E. Orisakwe
Med. Sci. Forum 2024, 25(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2024025002 - 22 Feb 2024
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This study evaluated the eco-health risk associated with exposure to lead (Pb) in mining sites in Benue State, Nigeria. Lead contamination was assessed in 48 water samples and 40 human blood samples. An Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used for Pb analysis and ELISA
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This study evaluated the eco-health risk associated with exposure to lead (Pb) in mining sites in Benue State, Nigeria. Lead contamination was assessed in 48 water samples and 40 human blood samples. An Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used for Pb analysis and ELISA kits for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) analysis. A correlation was found between the blood Pb level (BLL) and the upregulation of KIM-1. The BLL of females was slightly higher than males, resulting in a higher inflammatory response through increased TNF-α levels. An increased inflammatory response due to chronic Pb exposure was observed with age. Miners and farmers around the mining sites recorded higher TNF-α levels compared to businesspeople, thus suggesting direct exposure to other mining-associated contaminants. Artisanal and informal mining impact environmental health and the Pb body burden.
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Public Health Implications of Antimicrobial Resistance in Wildlife at the One Health Interface
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Julio A. Benavides, Marilia Salgado-Caxito, Carmen Torres and Sylvain Godreuil
Med. Sci. Forum 2024, 25(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2024025001 - 31 Jan 2024
Cited by 1
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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and carbapenem-resistant (CARBA) Enterobacterales is a main global cause of human deaths and a major health burden to domestic animals. AMR circulation in wildlife has also been reported worldwide, but the public health impact and
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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and carbapenem-resistant (CARBA) Enterobacterales is a main global cause of human deaths and a major health burden to domestic animals. AMR circulation in wildlife has also been reported worldwide, but the public health impact and the policy actions that could limit this circulation remain unknown. Here, we summarize the key trends of AMR in wildlife, clarify the use of the term ‘reservoir’ when referring to AMR in wildlife, identify whether national plans to tackle AMR in Latin America and Europe include wildlife, and discuss the public health implications of this circulation. We provide recommendations for AMR surveillance and prevention among wild animals, as well as the key scientific knowledge gaps that are hindering understanding its dynamics. We expect our conclusions to shed light on the necessity and degree of prevention and control regarding AMR in wildlife at the human–animal–environment interface.
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Prevalence of Self-Medicated Use of Antibiotics among the Population in Ernakulam District in Kerala, India
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Divya Nair, Padinchare Veettil Gayathri and Girish Gopinath
Med. Sci. Forum 2024, 24(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECA2023-16478 - 26 Jan 2024
Abstract
Self-medication (SM) of antibiotics has become a prevalent reason for the development of antibiotic resistance. This study aims to assess the use of self-medication practices with antibiotics and related factors among the population of Ernakulam district, Kerala. Sore throat (34%) and cough (26%)
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Self-medication (SM) of antibiotics has become a prevalent reason for the development of antibiotic resistance. This study aims to assess the use of self-medication practices with antibiotics and related factors among the population of Ernakulam district, Kerala. Sore throat (34%) and cough (26%) are found to be the major reasons for the self-usage of antibiotics among people. Various antibiotics commonly used for self-medication were amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin. Reasons for the use of antibiotic self-medication were previous successful experiences (7.7%), convenience (11.5%), and to save costs (3.8%). Improper antibiotic use may lead to drug overuse and thereby antibiotic resistance. Hence, it should be taken only under strict supervision by an expert.
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Antibiotics)
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
MUSHROOMS4LIFE: Decoding the Molecular Basis of a Cancer-Fighting Small RNA Extracted from Edible Mushrooms
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Inês Sá, Miguel Ribeiro, Fernando M. Nunes, Guilhermina Marques, Raquel Chaves and Daniela Ferreira
Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 23(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2023023009 - 23 Jan 2024
Abstract
Edible mushrooms have been considered an excellent source of nutraceuticals with high potential to prevent diseases such as cancer. Recently the anti-cancer potential of a small RNA (sRNA) fraction isolated from C. cibarius was described. To better understand its molecular nature, a study
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Edible mushrooms have been considered an excellent source of nutraceuticals with high potential to prevent diseases such as cancer. Recently the anti-cancer potential of a small RNA (sRNA) fraction isolated from C. cibarius was described. To better understand its molecular nature, a study was carried out regarding the anti-cancer potential of sRNAs isolated from different mushroom species. Apart from the isolation of RNA-rich fractions by anion exchange chromatography, miRNA’s extraction was also carried out using a commercial kit. The anti-proliferative activity of the different samples was tested in normal and cancer cell lines. Our data demonstrated differences regarding sRNA anti-cancer activity in different mushroom species, and this suggests that the sRNA fractions with anti-cancer potential are enriched in a specific sequence. These results reaffirm mushrooms as a source of bioactive compounds. In particular, the RNA-enriched isolated fractions demonstrated important anticancer potential.
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Meeting Molecules 4 Life)
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Protein Extraction from Arthrospira platensis for Use in Food Processing
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Elisa Costa, Miguel Ribeiro, Luís Filipe-Ribeiro, Fernanda Cosme and Fernando M. Nunes
Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 23(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2023023008 - 15 Jan 2024
Abstract
Algae protein has emerged as a sustainable and non-allergenic alternative to animal protein as the market seeks to reduce reliance on traditional animal protein sources. To effectively utilize algae protein isolates, particularly from Arthrospira platensis, it is essential to develop an efficient
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Algae protein has emerged as a sustainable and non-allergenic alternative to animal protein as the market seeks to reduce reliance on traditional animal protein sources. To effectively utilize algae protein isolates, particularly from Arthrospira platensis, it is essential to develop an efficient method for protein extraction and isolation that can be scaled up. This work aims to optimize the extraction conditions to obtain high-purity protein extracts. HPLC-DAD was used to determine the total and free amino acid profiles, while SDS-PAGE and HPLC-MS/MS were used for the protein characterization. An optimized extraction method was selected based on achieving the highest protein content and purity.
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Meeting Molecules 4 Life)
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Shotgun Proteomics: A Powerful Tool for Investigating the Chemical Complexity of Biscuit Melanoidins
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João Siopa, Miguel Ribeiro, Fernanda Cosme and Fernando M. Nunes
Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 23(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2023023007 - 12 Jan 2024
Abstract
Melanoidins are the final products of the Maillard reaction (MR), a non-enzymatic browning reaction that occurs during food thermal processing, including biscuits, which are widely consumed. This work developed a novel technique for extracting biscuit melanoidins. Using shotgun proteomics, proteins involved in melanoidin
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Melanoidins are the final products of the Maillard reaction (MR), a non-enzymatic browning reaction that occurs during food thermal processing, including biscuits, which are widely consumed. This work developed a novel technique for extracting biscuit melanoidins. Using shotgun proteomics, proteins involved in melanoidin formation were studied, and potential MR-induced protein modifications were investigated to elucidate the chemical structure and formation of biscuit melanoidins. It was observed that gluten proteins and soluble wheat flour-derived proteins were involved in melanoidin formation, along with the detection of protein modifications. These findings highlight shotgun proteomics as a promising tool for understanding biscuit melanoidins.
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Meeting Molecules 4 Life)
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Enzymatic Reduction of Sugar Content in Sucrose-Rich Fruit Products
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Tiago Durães, Miguel Azevedo, Fernanda Cosme and Fernando M. Nunes
Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 23(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2023023006 - 12 Jan 2024
Abstract
Sugar is essential to organisms, but excessive consumption can lead to certain diseases. Overconsumption is a major concern in modern society, especially in developed countries. The purpose of this study was to convert sucrose present in sucrose-rich fruit concentrates into fructooligosaccharides (FOS) using
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Sugar is essential to organisms, but excessive consumption can lead to certain diseases. Overconsumption is a major concern in modern society, especially in developed countries. The purpose of this study was to convert sucrose present in sucrose-rich fruit concentrates into fructooligosaccharides (FOS) using the enzymes invertase (Inv) or fructosyltransferase (FTase). FOS are oligosaccharides (OS) that bypass part of the digestive system and reach the colon, where they are metabolized by gut bacteria. This can simultaneously exert prebiotic effects while reducing a product’s calories. Based on these results, it was concluded that there is potential for enzymatically reducing a product’s caloric value while converting sucrose into FOS, thus enriching the product’s dietary fiber content.
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Meeting Molecules 4 Life)
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Open AccessEditorial
Preface and Statement of Peer Review
by
Miguel Ribeiro, Fernanda Cosme, Lucinda V. Reis, Paula Lopes, Rui Campos and Alice Vilela
Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 23(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2023023005 - 26 Dec 2023
Abstract
The inaugural international meeting of Molecules4Life (M4L) took place from the 20th to the 22nd of September 2023 at the School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal [...]
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Meeting Molecules 4 Life)
Open AccessProceeding Paper
The Theoretical Description for Aesculetin and Quercetin Cathodic Electrochemical Determination in Wines
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Volodymyr V. Tkach, José Inácio F. da Paiva Martins, Zoriana M. Romanova, Viktoria V. Paientko, Sílvio C. de Oliveira, Jarem R. Garcia, Olha V. Skrypska, Yana G. Ivanushko and Petro I. Yagodynets
Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 23(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2023023004 - 12 Dec 2023
Abstract
In this work, the possibility of cathodical electroanalytical determination of aesculetin and quercetin, the most representative polyphenolic coumarin and flavonoid, is theoretically described. The cathodic reaction is given by the electrochemical reduction of 2- and 4-pyrone rings simultaneously on a vanadium(III) oxyhydroxide-modified electrode
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In this work, the possibility of cathodical electroanalytical determination of aesculetin and quercetin, the most representative polyphenolic coumarin and flavonoid, is theoretically described. The cathodic reaction is given by the electrochemical reduction of 2- and 4-pyrone rings simultaneously on a vanadium(III) oxyhydroxide-modified electrode at a pH correspondent to wine (3 < pH ≤ 7). Analysis of the mathematical model, corresponding to the reaction mechanism, lets us conclude that, although the oscillatory behavior remains highly probable, the cathodic electroanalytical process, based on VO(OH)-assisted reaction, may be even more efficient than anodic oxidation of the polyphenolic compounds in the same conditions.
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Meeting Molecules 4 Life)
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Green Synthesis of Luminescent Carbon Nanomaterials from Porphyridium cruentum Microalgae
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Inês Chouzende, Alexandra Isabel Costa, Patrícia David Barata, Sónia Martins, Magda Cardoso Semedo, Fernando Manuel Henriques Cardoso, Maria Luísa Lobo and José Virgílio Prata
Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 23(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2023023003 - 08 Dec 2023
Abstract
Microalgae (µAlgae) biomass was employed as a sustainable source for the synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots (μAlgae-CNDs) using a hydrothermal carbonization method and ethylenediamine (ED) as a nitrogen additive. The μAlgae-CNDs synthesized with a ratio of 0.64 of
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Microalgae (µAlgae) biomass was employed as a sustainable source for the synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots (μAlgae-CNDs) using a hydrothermal carbonization method and ethylenediamine (ED) as a nitrogen additive. The μAlgae-CNDs synthesized with a ratio of 0.64 of ED did not show cytotoxicity against non-tumor NIH 3T3 cells and sarcoma S180 cells, revealing some potential attractive properties for bioimaging.
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Meeting Molecules 4 Life)
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
A Game with a Purpose: Designing Structural Modifications in Polymyxin B to Face Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria
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Inês Machado, João Inácio, Paula Jorge and Filipe Teixeira
Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 23(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2023023002 - 07 Dec 2023
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a silent pandemic that presents an urgent threat to human health. Recently, polymyxins have been revived as a last-line therapeutic option, despite their toxicity. As such, there is a need for fast and reliable approaches to devise novel polymyxin
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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a silent pandemic that presents an urgent threat to human health. Recently, polymyxins have been revived as a last-line therapeutic option, despite their toxicity. As such, there is a need for fast and reliable approaches to devise novel polymyxin analogues. In this work, machine learning was employed to devise a semi-quantitative model of the activity of polymyxin-like molecules. Four learning algorithms and ten families of molecular descriptors were explored. Top performance was observed for an AdaBoost model using the Kier and Hall topological indexes, allowing for the exploration of the systematic changes in the structure of polymyxin B.
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Meeting Molecules 4 Life)
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Peptide Co-Agonists for Combined Activation of the APJ and GLP-1 Receptors with Insulinotropic and Satiety Actions Show Potential for Alleviation of Metabolic Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes
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Finbarr O’Harte, Vadivel Parthsarathy, Sarah Craig, Ethan Palmer and Nigel Irwin
Med. Sci. Forum 2023, 23(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/msf2023023001 - 07 Dec 2023
Abstract
Stable analogues of the adipokine apelin-13 have shown promising therapeutic potential via APJ receptor activation in isolated β-cells and in animal models of obesity-related diabetes. Incretin mimetics such as exenatide that bind to GLP-1 receptors are well-established Type 2 diabetes treatment options. We
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Stable analogues of the adipokine apelin-13 have shown promising therapeutic potential via APJ receptor activation in isolated β-cells and in animal models of obesity-related diabetes. Incretin mimetics such as exenatide that bind to GLP-1 receptors are well-established Type 2 diabetes treatment options. We developed novel hybrid co-agonist peptide analogues incorporating both exendin-4(1-30) covalently linked to apelin (ELA). The dose-dependent (10−12 to 10−6 M) actions of ELA and component peptides were tested on acute (20 min) insulin secretion from cultured pancreatic BRIN-BD11 β-cells at 5.6 mmol/L glucose. In addition, separate tests were performed in the presence or absence of specific APJ and GLP-1 receptor antagonists. The co-agonist ELA peptide showed markedly greater insulinotropic actions (1.6 to 3.3-fold) than equimolar concentrations of either component peptide alone or in combination (p < 0.001). ELA and related acylated analogues (25 nmol/kg i.p. injection) were also tested on cumulative food intake in trained 21 h-fasted adult mice (n = 8), with food intake measured at 30 min intervals up to 180 min. The ELA co-agonist peptides significantly reduced food intake (3.1-fold by 180 min) in mice (p < 0.001) versus saline-treated controls. ELA peptides showed marked improvements in both insulin secretion and appetite control, raising interest in their therapeutic potential.
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Impact of COVID-19 on Influenza Virus Vaccination Coverage
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Otávio Reis, Bruno Fernandes, Luara Santos and Paula Távora
Med. Sci. Forum 2024, 26(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/IECV2023-16529 - 01 Dec 2023
Abstract
Influenza vaccination is pivotal in alleviating healthcare burdens and possibly curbing COVID-19 infections due to symptom overlap. Despite previous suboptimal vaccination rates, the exceptional circumstances of the pandemic may have impacted influenza vaccine coverage in 2020 and 2021. This quantitative analytical study of
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Influenza vaccination is pivotal in alleviating healthcare burdens and possibly curbing COVID-19 infections due to symptom overlap. Despite previous suboptimal vaccination rates, the exceptional circumstances of the pandemic may have impacted influenza vaccine coverage in 2020 and 2021. This quantitative analytical study of a cross-sectional nature examines influenza vaccination adherence from 2019 to 2021 at a private vaccination clinic in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, while considering demographic variables. Socioeducational measures and government vaccination incentives seem to have played a significant role in this increase. Nonetheless, the substantial surge observed between 2019 and 2020 is likely linked to the population’s heightened COVID-19-related apprehensions.
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Vaccines)
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Factors Driving the Attitudes and Hesitancy of Albanian Parents toward COVID-19 Vaccination of Children
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Irsida Mehmeti and Emiljan Karma
Med. Sci. Forum 2024, 26(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/IECV2023-16531 - 01 Dec 2023
Abstract
In June 2022, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized the use of Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 mRNA vaccines for children aged 6 months–4 years in the United States. Vaccine hesitancy is context-, time-, place-, and vaccine-specific. This study aims to analyze the
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In June 2022, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized the use of Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 mRNA vaccines for children aged 6 months–4 years in the United States. Vaccine hesitancy is context-, time-, place-, and vaccine-specific. This study aims to analyze the different factors influencing the perceptions and attitudes of Albanian parents toward COVID-19 vaccination of children. The anti-COVID-19 vaccine remains unapproved for children younger than 12 in Albania. A validated questionnaire composed of 33 elements was used for the purpose of this study. A total of 600 parents/caregivers responded to the questionnaire. The negative perceptions toward vaccination of their child were linked to mild forms of the disease faced by their children and fear of adverse events.
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Vaccines)
Open AccessProceeding Paper
Perception, Attitude and Intention towards COVID-19 Vaccination
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Aarti Chahal, Rosy Dhall, Jyotika Kundu and Nidhi Kataria
Med. Sci. Forum 2024, 26(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/IECV2023-16527 - 01 Dec 2023
Abstract
To overcome the situation due to the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination became essential. So, it is important to understand the overall perception, attitude, and intention of the general population towards vaccination. This study aimed to investigate the combined effect of usefulness and trust on
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To overcome the situation due to the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination became essential. So, it is important to understand the overall perception, attitude, and intention of the general population towards vaccination. This study aimed to investigate the combined effect of usefulness and trust on the attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination and to understand the perceptions of vaccinated and unvaccinated people towards vaccination. The self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. In the descriptive research design, Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the combined effect of usefulness and trust on attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination and one-way ANOVA was used to test the difference in perceptions of vaccinated and unvaccinated people. Simple random sampling was used in this study. The questionnaire-based data were collected from 400 respondents in Haryana from 24 April 2021 to 13 May 2021. The results showed that more than 70% of the respondents were not vaccinated, around 16% received their one dose of a vaccine, and less than 15% received two doses of a vaccine. Usefulness and trust had an impact on the attitude towards vaccination. There was significant difference between those who did not receive any doses of a vaccine, i.e., either Covishield (viral vector vaccine) or Covaxin (inactivated viral vaccine), and those who received two doses of a vaccine. The results reveal that attitude is strengthened by a positive relationship between trust and usefulness. Even though there were a large number of people who were not vaccinated at the time of the survey, these people had a positive perception of the vaccine. Hence, they were most likely to get vaccinated in the future. It was also found that the vaccine history of the respondents played an important role in future vaccination intention. Awareness programs are important as people need to be well informed about the benefits of vaccination.
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Vaccines)
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Challenges Faced by States and the WHO in Efficiently Regulating the Use of mRNA Vaccines
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Rabaï Bouderhem
Med. Sci. Forum 2024, 26(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/IECV2023-16530 - 01 Dec 2023
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there is no formal regulatory guidance specifically for mRNA-based vaccines. However, the WHO provides information and regulatory considerations regarding key aspects of the manufacture and quality control, and nonclinical and clinical evaluation, of preventive mRNA vaccines
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According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there is no formal regulatory guidance specifically for mRNA-based vaccines. However, the WHO provides information and regulatory considerations regarding key aspects of the manufacture and quality control, and nonclinical and clinical evaluation, of preventive mRNA vaccines against infectious disease for human use. The global research and development of mRNA vaccines have been prodigious over the past decade, and the work in this field has been stimulated by the urgent need for rapid development of vaccines in response to an emergent disease such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. In the European Union (EU), no regulatory guidelines presently exist that specifically address mRNA-based vaccines. The existing regulatory framework, however, clearly defines that mRNA-based vaccines in most cases have to be centrally approved. In the UK, both mRNA vaccines were granted temporary regulatory authorization under Regulation 174 of the Human Medicine Regulations 2012. The potential of mRNA vaccine as a technology to rapidly respond to public health emergencies of infectious diseases, in addition to application for prophylactic vaccines for additional infectious diseases, have underscored the need for international regulatory convergence for mRNA vaccines. The challenges faced by states in the use of mRNA vaccines include not only regulatory gaps but also technical issues such as the need for cold storage and transportation.
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 1st International Electronic Conference on Vaccines)
Open AccessProceeding Paper
Antibiotics in a Changing World: Resistance, Ecology, and Public Health Conundrums
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Md. Mehedi Hasan, Md. Milon Rana and Tajkuruna Akter Tithy
Med. Sci. Forum 2024, 24(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECA2023-16389 - 30 Nov 2023
Abstract
The world of antibiotics is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by the dual challenges of antimicrobial resistance and ecological ramifications associated with their use. This thesis provides a comprehensive examination of the intricate relationship between antibiotics, public health, and the environment, shedding light
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The world of antibiotics is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by the dual challenges of antimicrobial resistance and ecological ramifications associated with their use. This thesis provides a comprehensive examination of the intricate relationship between antibiotics, public health, and the environment, shedding light on the multifaceted problems that this interplay creates. The research scrutinizes the global crisis of antibiotic resistance, investigating its origins, underlying mechanisms, and its alarming proliferation. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose a serious threat to the effectiveness of these crucial drugs in the fight against infectious diseases. This necessitates a re-evaluation of antibiotic use and the development of innovative strategies to curb resistance, while also focusing on the ecological consequences of antibiotic utilization. While antibiotics are designed to target specific pathogens, their impact extends to the broader microbial communities they encounter. This research delves into the effects of antibiotics on ecosystem balance, with a particular emphasis on their contribution to the growing problem of environmental antibiotic resistance. This thesis offers a holistic perspective on the evolving landscape of antibiotics through a comprehensive analysis of these interconnected aspects. It emphasizes the urgent need for a global response to address resistance, advocates for a balanced approach to antibiotic usage, and underscores the pivotal role of public health strategies in managing these intricate challenges.
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Antibiotics)
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Open AccessProceeding Paper
Nanoemulsions: A Promising Strategy in the Fight against Bacterial Infections
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Thais Mariana Bezerra Tavares, Hélida Maravilha Dantas e Sousa Almeida, Marina Victória Moura Lage, Renata de Carvalho Feitosa and Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Júnior
Med. Sci. Forum 2024, 24(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECA2023-16402 - 30 Nov 2023
Abstract
In recent years, bacterial infections have become a major global concern, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, the development and commercialization of new antibacterial drugs have been slow, while pathogens continue to rapidly adapt and evolve. To address this challenge, nanotechnology offers a
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In recent years, bacterial infections have become a major global concern, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, the development and commercialization of new antibacterial drugs have been slow, while pathogens continue to rapidly adapt and evolve. To address this challenge, nanotechnology offers a promising strategy by protecting, targeting, and releasing active compounds to fight against these emerging strains. The aim of this study was to explore the antibacterial potential of nanoemulsions (NEs), as reported in the scientific literature. A literature review was carried out utilizing the keywords “nanoemulsion”, “antibiotic activity”, “antibacterial activity”, and “antimicrobial activity”. All of the scientific articles that were related to the area of health and published in the last 5 years were included. All of the studies indicated that oil-based NEs with inherent antibacterial activity, even without the presence of drugs, had superior action against strains compared to non-emulsified oil, as well as other systems incorporating drugs or actives. Although the results are promising, further investigations and testing of formulations against resistant bacterial strains are necessary. This review aims to provide valuable insights for researchers and contribute to future advancements in this field.
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(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Electronic Conference on Antibiotics)
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