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Open AccessEditorial

Statement of Peer Review

by Branislav Buľko, Dana Baricová, Peter Demeter and Róbert Dzurňák

Eng. Proc. 2024, 64(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024064018 - 29 Apr 2024

In submitting the conference proceedings to Engineering Proceedings, the volume editors of the proceedings certify with the publisher that all the papers published in this volume have been subjected to peer review administered by the volume editors [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Scientific Conference Modern Metallurgy—Iron and Steelmaking 2023)

451 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Preface of the 30th International Scientific Conference on Modern Metallurgy—Iron and Steelmaking 2023

by Branislav Buľko, Dana Baricová, Peter Demeter and Róbert Dzurňák

Eng. Proc. 2024, 64(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024064019 - 29 Apr 2024

Abstract

The 30th International Scientific Conference on Modern Metallurgy—Iron and Steelmaking 2023 (IaSM 2023) was organized by the Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy, and Recycling at the Technical University of Košice in Slovakia, in collaboration with the Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VŠB—Technical University [...] Read more.

The 30th International Scientific Conference on Modern Metallurgy—Iron and Steelmaking 2023 (IaSM 2023) was organized by the Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy, and Recycling at the Technical University of Košice in Slovakia, in collaboration with the Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava in the Czech Republic—and the Faculty of Materials Engineering at the Silesian University of Technology in Poland [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Scientific Conference Modern Metallurgy—Iron and Steelmaking 2023)

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6 pages, 1635 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Extraction of Lead from Hydrometallurgical Processing of Copper Shaft Flue Dust

by Michaela Ruzickova, Martina Laubertova, Jarmila Trpcevska, Alexandra Kollova, Zita Takacova and Tomas Vindt

Eng. Proc. 2024, 64(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024064001 - 21 Feb 2024

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Abstract

Pyrometallurgical copper production is carried out in thermal aggregates. Input waste materials with a copper content between 5% and 99% Cu are treated in the individual aggregates. In a shaft furnace, except for molten black copper, slag and shaft flue dust (SFD) are [...] Read more.

Pyrometallurgical copper production is carried out in thermal aggregates. Input waste materials with a copper content between 5% and 99% Cu are treated in the individual aggregates. In a shaft furnace, except for molten black copper, slag and shaft flue dust (SFD) are produced as waste. SFD is emitted from the melt and then is captured by fabric filters. This kind of SFD is defined as ‘hazardous waste’ according to the European Waste Catalogue. SFD contains an attractive quantity of valuable metals like Zn, Sn and Pb. This work focuses on the hydrometallurgical treatment of SFD from secondary copper production with the aim of obtaining usable lead-based products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Scientific Conference Modern Metallurgy—Iron and Steelmaking 2023)

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5 pages, 1258 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Obtaining Usable Products by Processing Converter Flue Dust from Copper Production

by Alexandra Kollova, Martina Laubertova, Jarmila Trpcevska, Michaela Ruzickova and Katarina Pauerova

Eng. Proc. 2024, 64(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024064002 - 21 Feb 2024

Viewed by 217

Abstract

Copper converter flue dust (CFD) is one of the solid wastes generated during the pyrometallurgical production of secondary copper. Due to its fine-grained character and its content of toxic heavy metals, CFD is classified as hazardous waste. CFD contains lead, zinc, and tin [...] Read more.

Copper converter flue dust (CFD) is one of the solid wastes generated during the pyrometallurgical production of secondary copper. Due to its fine-grained character and its content of toxic heavy metals, CFD is classified as hazardous waste. CFD contains lead, zinc, and tin in the form of oxides. The aim of this paper is to design a complex hydrometallurgical process for CFD treatment in order to obtain commercially saleable products based on zinc, tin, and lead. The proposed CFD treatment process consists of leaching in acetic acid, cementation of lead from leachate by zinc, and subsequent precipitation of zinc with carbonate ions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Scientific Conference Modern Metallurgy—Iron and Steelmaking 2023)

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6 pages, 1564 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Optimizing Pig Iron Desulfurization Using Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs)

by Andrii Pylypenko, Peter Demeter, Branislav Buľko, Slavomír Hubatka, Lukáš Fogaraš, Jaroslav Legemza and Jaroslav Demeter

Eng. Proc. 2024, 64(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024064003 - 21 Feb 2024

Viewed by 314

Abstract

The aim of the presented research was to optimize a pig iron desulfurization process through data-driven machine learning methods. Utilizing historical data, chemical analysis of pig iron and slag, and the thermodynamics of the process including simulations of the chemical reactions between individual [...] Read more.

The aim of the presented research was to optimize a pig iron desulfurization process through data-driven machine learning methods. Utilizing historical data, chemical analysis of pig iron and slag, and the thermodynamics of the process including simulations of the chemical reactions between individual phases, a neural network was trained for the predictive modeling of desulfurization efficiency. The accuracy of the model was enhanced by integrating Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), which incorporate chemical reaction principles. The results show better performance of PINNs in comparison to the Feedforward Neural Network (FNN) in the generalization of the desulfurization process, bringing better reliability to the model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Scientific Conference Modern Metallurgy—Iron and Steelmaking 2023)

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5 pages, 506 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Determining Operating Parameters of an Electric Furnace for Casting of Bronze Age Replicas

by Martin Čižmár, Miroslav Variny and Tomáš Kurák

Eng. Proc. 2024, 64(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024064004 - 21 Feb 2024

Viewed by 221

Abstract

In previous work, a small electric furnace with a capacity of 3.5 kg of liquid copper, capable of reaching temperatures up to 1200 °C, and with nominal power input of 2.1 or 6.2 kW at 230 V was designed and constructed. The purpose [...] Read more.

In previous work, a small electric furnace with a capacity of 3.5 kg of liquid copper, capable of reaching temperatures up to 1200 °C, and with nominal power input of 2.1 or 6.2 kW at 230 V was designed and constructed. The purpose of this furnace was to melt metals for casting replicas of historical weapons, tools, and jewellery from the Bronze Age. The theoretical operating parameters, such as electric energy consumption and the time required to melt the batch of metal, were derived from the design calculations. This study focuses on the experimental determination of the furnace’s operating parameters. Experiments were conducted to determine surface heat losses from the furnace, as well as electric energy consumption and the time required to melt aluminium and copper batches of various quantities during cold starts and continuous furnace operation. The data from these experiments were subsequently analysed to determine the thermal efficiency of the furnace and the cost of energy consumed for melting a batch under given conditions. The experimental results indicate that the furnace does not reach a steady state regarding heat transfer within the time required for melting a batch during cold starts. As a result, the surface heat losses are lower than initially calculated in the theoretical analysis. This leads to shorter required melting times, lower energy consumption, and lower energy costs for the batch compared to design values. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Scientific Conference Modern Metallurgy—Iron and Steelmaking 2023)

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5 pages, 1489 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Enriching Natural Gas with Hydrogen: Implications for Burner Operation

by Róbert Dzurňák, Gustáv Jablonský, Katarína Pauerová and Richard Eliaš

Eng. Proc. 2024, 64(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024064005 - 21 Feb 2024

Viewed by 276

Abstract

This paper presents the results of increasing the hydrogen concentration in natural gas distributed within the territory of the Slovak Republic. The range of hydrogen concentrations in the mathematical model is considered to be from 0 to 100 vol.% for the resulting combustion [...] Read more.

This paper presents the results of increasing the hydrogen concentration in natural gas distributed within the territory of the Slovak Republic. The range of hydrogen concentrations in the mathematical model is considered to be from 0 to 100 vol.% for the resulting combustion products, temperature, and heating value, and for the scientific assessment of the environmental and economic implications. From a technical perspective, it is feasible to consider enriching natural gas with hydrogen up to a level of 20% within the Slovak Republic. CO₂ emissions are estimated to be reduced by 3.76 tons for every 1 TJ of energy at an operational cost of EUR 10,000 at current hydrogen prices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Scientific Conference Modern Metallurgy—Iron and Steelmaking 2023)

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6 pages, 2691 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Quality Assessment of Aluminium Castings Using Computed Tomography

by Martin Pinta, Ladislav Socha, Karel Gryc, Jana Sviželová and Kamil Koza

Eng. Proc. 2024, 64(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024064006 - 21 Feb 2024

Viewed by 236

Abstract

The article deals with the use of computed tomography, an advanced method for evaluating the quality of aluminium castings. Casting quality is a key factor in ensuring safety and reliability in industrial applications. Computed tomography is a comprehensive method allowing a three-dimensional, high-resolution [...] Read more.

The article deals with the use of computed tomography, an advanced method for evaluating the quality of aluminium castings. Casting quality is a key factor in ensuring safety and reliability in industrial applications. Computed tomography is a comprehensive method allowing a three-dimensional, high-resolution view of the internal structure of materials. The main focus of this paper is the study of BRACKET REAR aluminium castings, manufactured in two-piece moulds using a high-pressure die-casting technology. In this paper, four castings have been analysed which are produced in one cycle. The focus is on the problem of porosity and open stagnation in the castings. A numerical simulation has also been used to illustrate the occurrence of porosity, which can be used to determine both the occurrence of porosity and the occurrence of unfilled volume. The experimental part of the paper describes the methods used to evaluate the BRACKET REAR castings. The numerical simulation was performed in ProCAST 18.0 to determine the occurrence of porosity in the castings under study. The evaluation of computed tomography was performed in myVGL 3.0 2023 software to analyse the internal defects in the castings. The evaluation focused on assessing internal defects and their subsequent effect on the functionality of the final casting. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Scientific Conference Modern Metallurgy—Iron and Steelmaking 2023)

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5 pages, 764 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Optimization of the Steel Strip Heating Process by Changing the Excess Combustion Air

by Šimon Staško, Gustáv Jablonský, Augustín Varga and Róbert Dzurňák

Eng. Proc. 2024, 64(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024064007 - 21 Feb 2024

Viewed by 157

Abstract

Reducing energy consumption and increasing energy efficiency have been especially topical issues recently, affecting all areas of energy consumption, including industrial sectors. Continuous annealing lines, as important industrial production facilities, operate with high energy consumption, which can be analyzed and optimized using predictive [...] Read more.

Reducing energy consumption and increasing energy efficiency have been especially topical issues recently, affecting all areas of energy consumption, including industrial sectors. Continuous annealing lines, as important industrial production facilities, operate with high energy consumption, which can be analyzed and optimized using predictive mathematical models. For the purpose of this paper, a mathematical model was developed to compare five variants of different excess combustion air operating with the same heat input and fuel consumption. The reference variant had an excess combustion air with a value of 1.279 and the steel strip temperature at the outlet of the heating chamber was 609.5 °C. In terms of energy savings, variant 1 can be considered as the optimal variant, which had an excess combustion air value of 1.15 and a steel strip temperature at the outlet of the heating chamber of 637.3 °C. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Scientific Conference Modern Metallurgy—Iron and Steelmaking 2023)

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6 pages, 1344 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Impact of Iron Casting in Cupola Furnaces on the Environment

by Patrik Fedorko, Alena Pribulová, Jozef Petrík, Peter Blaško and Peter Futáš

Eng. Proc. 2024, 64(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024064008 - 21 Feb 2024

Viewed by 240

Abstract

The production of iron castings in cupola furnaces is a significant industrial process that has a notable impact on the environment. This paper examines and describes the environmental impact of this process, specifically focusing on the generation, characterization, and utilization of waste materials [...] Read more.

The production of iron castings in cupola furnaces is a significant industrial process that has a notable impact on the environment. This paper examines and describes the environmental impact of this process, specifically focusing on the generation, characterization, and utilization of waste materials through data analysis and collection. Approximately one hundred and two million metric tons of castings are produced worldwide each year, with approximately one ton of foundry waste generated for every ton of castings. The slag from this waste can amount to as much as 7.14 million metric tons annually. Most of the slag ends up in landfills, which is expensive and represents a waste of this potential secondary raw material. Therefore, it is necessary to find ways to utilize this waste in other processes or industrial sectors. Cupola slag, given its high phosphorus content, can be used as agricultural fertilizer or in the production of ceramic foam used in foundries as filters during casting. In the construction industry, slag can be used in the production of concrete as a partial substitute for fine aggregate. This concept not only mitigates the environmental impact of waste disposal, but also aligns with the circular economy concept, promoting resource efficiency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Scientific Conference Modern Metallurgy—Iron and Steelmaking 2023)

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5 pages, 1174 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Research and Development of New High-Entropy Alloys for Hydrogen Storage

by Dagmara Varcholová, Lenka Oroszová, Katarína Kušnírová and Karel Saksl

Eng. Proc. 2024, 64(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024064009 - 22 Feb 2024

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Abstract

Hydrogen is a key element in the changing energy sector and presents an accessible alternative to conventional fossil fuel sources. In this work, a system of ten high-entropy alloys was prepared based on the Hume-Rothery rules. One of the biggest advantages of these [...] Read more.

Hydrogen is a key element in the changing energy sector and presents an accessible alternative to conventional fossil fuel sources. In this work, a system of ten high-entropy alloys was prepared based on the Hume-Rothery rules. One of the biggest advantages of these alloys is their storage capacity, which reaches the highest value among all known alloys intended for hydrogen storage. Alloys based on Al-Ti-Nb-Zr elements with different atomic fractions show interesting accumulation capabilities with fast absorption kinetics and low specific gravity. Each alloy in this study underwent high-pressure gravimetric absorption and desorption tests. The main goals of this work were to prepare alloys with the lowest-possible specific gravity and the highest-possible storage capacity. One alloy from our system shows storage capacity values similar to commercial alloys, without any rare-earth elements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Scientific Conference Modern Metallurgy—Iron and Steelmaking 2023)

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5 pages, 491 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Valorization of a Crude Refinery’s By-Product: A Case Study on the Heavy Residue Gasifier

by Miroslav Variny, Slavomír Podolský and Tomáš Kurák

Eng. Proc. 2024, 64(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024064010 - 21 Feb 2024

Viewed by 277

Abstract

The conversion of locally available, low-value materials to useful products and media, thereby replacing high-quality and high-cost resources, belongs to one of the pillars of the circular economy of industrial conditions. A study on the potential implementation of a mixed oxygen- and steam-blown [...] Read more.

The conversion of locally available, low-value materials to useful products and media, thereby replacing high-quality and high-cost resources, belongs to one of the pillars of the circular economy of industrial conditions. A study on the potential implementation of a mixed oxygen- and steam-blown heavy vacuum residue gasifier in a refinery, processing 5 to 6 million t of crude oil per year, is performed, evaluating its mass and energy balance, and identifying and assessing the synergies of gasifier placement in a refinery, rather than its erection as a stand-alone plant. Industrial heat and power plants, as well as hydrogen production plants, represent the production units that are directly affected by gasifier implementation, while several other technical and economic issues result in: the operation of the steam network, in heavy residues’ handling, and in the refinery’s natural gas balance. Natural gas is currently the most important resource for hydrogen production in the refinery, and its partial replacement by hydrogen from a gasifier has different energetic and environmental impacts, based on the considered natural gas composition (current situation: natural gas with 10% vol. renewable hydrogen and natural gas with 20% vol. renewable hydrogen content). The power production and the overall refinery’s power balance, the carbon dioxide emissions both within the refinery and external ones, and natural gas balance change are all evaluated. The preliminary results show that while gasifier commissioning is associated with an over EUR 1 billion investment, it can represent one of the few available solutions of how to reasonably dispose of heavy residues, utilizing it from both energy content and material potential point of views. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Scientific Conference Modern Metallurgy—Iron and Steelmaking 2023)

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5 pages, 1075 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Multi-Criteria Evaluation of Environmentally Friendly Alternative Fuels

by Dominika Kraviarová, Ján Janošovský and Miroslav Variny

Eng. Proc. 2024, 64(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc20240640011 - 22 Feb 2024

Viewed by 294

Abstract

In order to fulfil the environmental goals set for the coming years, industrial companies are motivated to look for clean technologies and green solutions. Replacing common fuels in the transport sector can also contribute to the reduction of emissions. In this work, we [...] Read more.

In order to fulfil the environmental goals set for the coming years, industrial companies are motivated to look for clean technologies and green solutions. Replacing common fuels in the transport sector can also contribute to the reduction of emissions. In this work, we focus on four alternative fuels. The main raw materials are hydrogen together with carbon dioxide or used cooking oil. We analysed seven technologies for low-emission hydrogen production. However, in such types of production, there are often problems with combining the environmental side with the economic one because they are usually in conflict. The solution can be found using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). Individual fuels were compared, as well as hydrogen production processes, using three criteria: minimum selling price, carbon footprint, and maturity of technology, in order to find the most suitable alternative. The main advantage of our MCDA approach is the objectivity of the final ranking. On the other hand, the complexity of this method also provides the possibility of the subjective choice of criteria preferences, which allows each decision maker to focus on their target of interest. Data-driven decision making also provides an opportunity to incorporate sensitivity analysis into our study. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Scientific Conference Modern Metallurgy—Iron and Steelmaking 2023)

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6 pages, 2632 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Microstructural Characterization of IN617 and DMV617 Mod Alloys after Long-Time Aging at 700 °C

by Iwona Bednarczyk, Kinga Rodak, Adam Hernas and Vlastimil Vodárek

Eng. Proc. 2024, 64(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024064012 - 26 Feb 2024

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Abstract

In the present paper, microstructural changes in two alloys, IN617 and DMV617 mod, after 5 h and 1000 h of aging at 700 °C were investigated using scanning transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical properties of the samples were evaluated using hardness tests. Precipitates [...] Read more.

In the present paper, microstructural changes in two alloys, IN617 and DMV617 mod, after 5 h and 1000 h of aging at 700 °C were investigated using scanning transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical properties of the samples were evaluated using hardness tests. Precipitates were identified using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. After long-term aging, intensive precipitation of the M₂₃C₆ carbides and γ′ intermetallic phase in the microstructure of alloys was observed. In the IN617 alloy, continuous layers of M₂₃C₆ carbides along the grain boundaries after long-term aging were observed. The minor addition of boron to the DMV617 mod alloy is advantageous in microstructure formation during long-term aging because it decreases the agglomeration of M₂₃C₆ at the grain boundaries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Scientific Conference Modern Metallurgy—Iron and Steelmaking 2023)

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6 pages, 1550 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Preparation of Rotor Geometry for Setting up Numerical Model of Flow in Refining Ladle

by Lukáš Manoch, Ladislav Socha, Jana Sviželová, Karel Gryc and Adnan Mohamed

Eng. Proc. 2024, 64(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024064013 - 28 Feb 2024

Viewed by 174

Abstract

Foundry Degassing Units (FDU) are used for refining aluminum alloys. For an ideal refining process using an FDU unit, it is necessary to select several parameters, which are linked to each other. For a rotary impeller, we searched for several parameters, such as [...] Read more.

Foundry Degassing Units (FDU) are used for refining aluminum alloys. For an ideal refining process using an FDU unit, it is necessary to select several parameters, which are linked to each other. For a rotary impeller, we searched for several parameters, such as its optimal shape, speed in the liquid alloy, and distance from the bottom of the refining ladle, where the aforementioned parameters contribute to the overall wear and life of the rotor and, consequently, of the rotor shaft. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method can be used to determine the above-mentioned parameters. This paper describes the particular steps of preparation of rotor geometry for the subsequent setting up of the basic numerical model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Scientific Conference Modern Metallurgy—Iron and Steelmaking 2023)

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5 pages, 609 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The State and Perspectives of the Slovak Foundry

by Ondrej Kožej and Iveta Vasková

Eng. Proc. 2024, 64(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024064014 - 06 Mar 2024

Viewed by 211

Abstract

Foundries, to the same extent today as in the past, represent one of the strategic branches of all industry. In fact, all aspects of modern life depend on the casting and production of brake discs, medical implants, marine engines, and even aircraft components [...] Read more.

Foundries, to the same extent today as in the past, represent one of the strategic branches of all industry. In fact, all aspects of modern life depend on the casting and production of brake discs, medical implants, marine engines, and even aircraft components like turbine blades. Foundries provide supplies to all sectors of modern industry, including automotive, aircraft, medicine, power generation, etc. The Slovak economy largely depends on the automotive industry for which casting is necessary. Cast components are used not only for engines, chassis, and drives but also in vehicle bodies. This article reports information on the current number of foundries in Slovakia, the number of produced casting tons and melting methods, the casting techniques in various foundries, and the types of cast metals. It considers the income of individual foundries, the impact of the economic situation, and assumptions regarding further development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Scientific Conference Modern Metallurgy—Iron and Steelmaking 2023)

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6 pages, 1561 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Impact of Implementing Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms on the Steel Industry until 2034: A Forecasting Study

by Slavomír Hubatka, Branislav Buľko, Dana Baricová, Lukáš Fogaraš, Andrii Pylypenko, Dominik Dubec, Jaroslav Demeter and Peter Demeter

Eng. Proc. 2024, 64(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024064015 - 12 Mar 2024

Viewed by 377

Abstract

The metallurgical sector, a key component of European industries, plays a crucial role both in advanced economies and in the infrastructure development of emerging nations. As environmental concerns increasingly influence global trade policies, the introduction of Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms (CBAMs) becomes a [...] Read more.

The metallurgical sector, a key component of European industries, plays a crucial role both in advanced economies and in the infrastructure development of emerging nations. As environmental concerns increasingly influence global trade policies, the introduction of Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms (CBAMs) becomes a pivotal factor, especially those affecting the steel industry. This study focuses on assessing the impact of CBAM implementation on the steel industry’s evolution until 2034, utilizing a combination of econometric models and scenario analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Scientific Conference Modern Metallurgy—Iron and Steelmaking 2023)

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6 pages, 7128 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

An Introduction to the Methodology of Quality Monitoring of Zinc Alloy Castings Produced by HPDC in Additively Manufactured Shaped Mould Parts

by Kamil Koza, Karel Gryc, Ladislav Socha, Martin Pinta, Roman Kubeš, Václav Sochacký, Adnan Mohamed and Jaromír Trobl

Eng. Proc. 2024, 64(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024064016 - 02 Apr 2024

Viewed by 221

Abstract

Using 3D scanning, coordinate measuring machine, and roughness measurements we evaluated and compared zinc alloy castings produced in conventionally and additively manufactured shaped mould parts. Tests were conducted on castings from new shaped parts and subsequently after approximately every 100,000 shots. Castings from [...] Read more.

Using 3D scanning, coordinate measuring machine, and roughness measurements we evaluated and compared zinc alloy castings produced in conventionally and additively manufactured shaped mould parts. Tests were conducted on castings from new shaped parts and subsequently after approximately every 100,000 shots. Castings from conventional parts had higher dimensional stability, but both types showed decreasing dimensional deviations over time. Castings from new additively manufactured parts had higher roughness initially, but this improved with use. Overall, there were no significant issues, and the benefits of additive-shaped parts prevailed. However, more testing is needed for a final recommendation for use in real operating conditions, requiring hundreds of thousands more shots. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Scientific Conference Modern Metallurgy—Iron and Steelmaking 2023)

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5 pages, 2242 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Benefits of Using an Advanced Material for Production of Spherical Impact Pad for Tundish

by Branislav Buľko, Peter Demeter, Ivan Priesol, Slavomír Hubatka, Lukáš Fogaraš, Jaroslav Demeter, Martina Hrubovčáková, Andrii Pylypenko, Dominik Dubec, Dagmara Varcholová and Oleksii Lapenko

Eng. Proc. 2024, 64(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024064017 - 04 Apr 2024

Viewed by 184

Abstract

This study presents the development of a novel material for a spherical impact pad for tundishes during steel production, focusing on improving steel cleanliness and flow optimization. Traditional low-carbon and ultra-low carbon concrete (LCC/ULCC) materials are replaced with a new cement-free mixture, utilizing [...] Read more.

This study presents the development of a novel material for a spherical impact pad for tundishes during steel production, focusing on improving steel cleanliness and flow optimization. Traditional low-carbon and ultra-low carbon concrete (LCC/ULCC) materials are replaced with a new cement-free mixture, utilizing a sol–gel method binder. This innovative approach leads to the creation of IPC TECAST BPV CST, a refractory concrete with enhanced resistance to corrosion and shape stability under extreme conditions. The material’s effectiveness is demonstrated through operational tests, showing remarkable durability and no erosion defects after extensive use in casting liquid metal. The sol–gel binder significantly reduces the carbon footprint and energy consumption during the drying process, compared to traditional concretes. This study concludes that the new material not only withstands the dynamic environment of liquid steel but also ensures consistent dynamic flow conditions throughout the steel casting process, marking a significant advancement in tundish impact pad technology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Scientific Conference Modern Metallurgy—Iron and Steelmaking 2023)

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6 pages, 825 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Influence of Admixtures of Mineral Elements in Reducing Agents on the Structure of FeSi and FeSiCr Ferroalloys

by Wojciech Bialik, Stanisław Gil, Tomasz Pawlik, Sławomir Kozłowski and Konrad Kołtun

Eng. Proc. 2024, 64(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024064020 - 29 Apr 2024

Viewed by 16

Abstract

This publication presents the chemical compositions of carbon reducers used in the production of ferroalloys, with particular emphasis on the content of Al, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cr, Ti, P, or S in their mineral substances. A certain amount of these elements is transferred [...] Read more.

This publication presents the chemical compositions of carbon reducers used in the production of ferroalloys, with particular emphasis on the content of Al, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cr, Ti, P, or S in their mineral substances. A certain amount of these elements is transferred to the produced alloys, creating inclusions and precipitations in the metal structure. Most of them are undesirable and adversely affect the final effect of the production process. The work includes sample images of the microstructure of alloys, the chemical compositions of the samples at the test point, and diffragrams. On the basis of the obtained metallographic data, technological observations are made, especially of the crushing process and the amount of grain fractions obtained. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of International Scientific Conference Modern Metallurgy—Iron and Steelmaking 2023)

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