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Volume 3
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Electron. Mater., Volume 3, Issue 3 (September 2022) – 5 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): Currently, as the next generation of display progresses with high performance and high integration, the surface mounting technology of components is very important such as ACFs. However, the conductive ball used inside ACFs has had problems with particle size and non-uniform metal coating. To solve these problems, by optimizing the factors affecting the polymer beads, a perfect spherical polymer bead was manufactured. In addition, the conductive ball manufacturing process was optimized by confirming the factors affecting the metal coating. The metal coating on the surface was applied with a uniform thickness by considering the specific surface area and concentration of the conductive balls. As a result, conductive balls for ACFs with uniform size and metal thickness were obtained. View this paper
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2 pages, 155 KiB  
Editorial
Characterization of Electronic Materials
by Wojciech Pisula
Electron. Mater. 2022, 3(3), 263-264; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat3030022 - 14 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1695
Abstract
Electronic materials are of great interest due to their potential to be applied in a broad range of important electronic devices including transistors, sensors, solar cells and others [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers of Electronic Materials II)
11 pages, 42615 KiB  
Article
A Study on the Optimization of the Conductive Ball Manufacturing Process, Used for Anisotropic Conductive Films
by Jong-Keun Choi, Young-Gyun Kim and Kwan-Young Han
Electron. Mater. 2022, 3(3), 252-262; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat3030021 - 19 Aug 2022
Viewed by 1644
Abstract
Currently, as the next-generation of display progresses—with high performance and high integration—the surface mounting technology of components is very important. In particular, in the case of flexible displays, such as rollable and bendable displays, ACF that connects wires to any curvature is essential. [...] Read more.
Currently, as the next-generation of display progresses—with high performance and high integration—the surface mounting technology of components is very important. In particular, in the case of flexible displays, such as rollable and bendable displays, ACF that connects wires to any curvature is essential. However, the conductive ball used inside the ACF has had problems with particle size and non-uniform metal coating. It was confirmed that the presence of solvent and oxygen, which are used in polymer synthesis, affects the sphere formation of polymer beads. By optimizing the factors affecting the polymer beads, a perfect spherical polymer bead was manufactured. In addition, the conductive ball manufacturing process was optimized by confirming the factors affecting the metal coating. The metal coating on the surface of the polymer bead was applied with a uniform thickness by considering the specific surface area and concentration of the conductive balls, and, through this optimized process, conductive balls for anisotropic conductive films with uniform size and metal thickness were obtained. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers of Electronic Materials II)
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17 pages, 2809 KiB  
Review
Progress in Hexagonal Boron Nitride (h-BN)-Based Solid-State Neutron Detector
by Samiul Hasan and Iftikhar Ahmad
Electron. Mater. 2022, 3(3), 235-251; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat3030020 - 03 Aug 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2794
Abstract
This article will briefly review the progress of h-BN based solid-state metal semiconductor metal (MSM) neutron detectors. In the last decade, several groups have been working on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)-based solid-state neutron detectors. Recently, the detection efficiency of 59% has been reported. [...] Read more.
This article will briefly review the progress of h-BN based solid-state metal semiconductor metal (MSM) neutron detectors. In the last decade, several groups have been working on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)-based solid-state neutron detectors. Recently, the detection efficiency of 59% has been reported. Efficient, low-cost neutron detectors made from readily available materials are essential for various applications. Neutron detectors are widely used to detect fissile materials and nuclear power plants for security applications. The most common and widely used neutron detectors are 3He based, which are sometimes bulky, difficult to transport, have high absorption length, need relatively high bias voltage (>1000 V), and have low Q-value (0.764 MeV). In addition, 3He is not a readily available material. Thus, there is a strong need to find an alternative detection material. The 10B isotope has a high neutron absorption cross-section, and it has been tested as a coating on the semiconducting materials. Due to the two-step process, neutron capture through 10B and then electron–hole pair generation in a typical semiconducting material, the efficiency of these devices is not up to the mark. The progress in h-BN based detectors requires a review to envision the further improvement in this technology. Full article
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8 pages, 3255 KiB  
Article
Tunnel Spin-Polarization of Ferromagnetic Metals and Ferrimagnetic Oxides and Its Effect on Tunnel Magnetoresistance
by Gunnar Suchaneck
Electron. Mater. 2022, 3(3), 227-234; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat3030019 - 28 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1675
Abstract
This work presents an examination and unification of fragmented data on spin polarization in half-metallic, ferrimagnetic oxides. It also includes well understood ferromagnetic metals for comparison. The temperature and disorder dependencies of the spin polarization are evaluated. Both the temperature dependence of the [...] Read more.
This work presents an examination and unification of fragmented data on spin polarization in half-metallic, ferrimagnetic oxides. It also includes well understood ferromagnetic metals for comparison. The temperature and disorder dependencies of the spin polarization are evaluated. Both the temperature dependence of the tunnel magnetoresistance and, for the very first time, its temperature coefficient are calculated based on the simplified Julliére model. The tunnel magnetoresistance in the magnetic tunnel junctions deteriorates due to the temperature dependence of the spin polarization the lower the Curie temperature is. As a result, magnetic tunnel junctions—consisting of ferromagnetic oxides with a Curie temperature not far above room temperature—are not promising for room temperature applications. Additionally, ferrimagnetic oxides possessing a Curie temperature below 650 K are not suitable for room temperature applications because of an unacceptable temperature coefficient exceeding −2%. Full article
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9 pages, 1863 KiB  
Article
Prototyping and Evaluation of Graphene-Based Piezoresistive Sensors
by Lucas Florêncio, Jéssica Luzardo, Marcelo Pojucan, Victor Cunha, Alexander Silva, Rogério Valaski and Joyce Araujo
Electron. Mater. 2022, 3(3), 218-226; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat3030018 - 22 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1883
Abstract
In this work, the electrical properties of graphene papers were investigated with the aim of developing pressure sensor prototypes for measuring pressures up to 2 kPa. In order to determine which graphene paper would be the most suitable, three different types of graphene [...] Read more.
In this work, the electrical properties of graphene papers were investigated with the aim of developing pressure sensor prototypes for measuring pressures up to 2 kPa. In order to determine which graphene paper would be the most suitable, three different types of graphene papers, synthesized by different routes, were prepared and electrically characterized. The results of electrical characterizations, in terms of electrical conductivity and sheet resistance of graphene papers, are presented and discussed. Prototypes of pressure sensors are proposed, using graphene papers obtained by chemical oxidation (graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide) and by electrochemical exfoliation. The prototypes were tested in static compression/decompression tests in the working range of 0 kPa to 1.998 kPa. The compression/decompression sensitivity values observed in these prototype sensors ranged from 20.8% ΔR/kPa for graphene sensors obtained by electrochemical exfoliation to 110.7% ΔR/kPa for those prepared from graphene oxide obtained by chemical oxidation. More expressive sensitivity values were observed for the sensors fabricated from GO, intermediate values for those made of rGO, while prototypes made of EG showed lower sensitivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Application of Graphene-Based Materials)
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