Research and Development on Tribology and Lubrication in Materials and Manufacturing

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19 pages, 6153 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Crosslinked Polymer Coatings of Poly (Acrylic Acid-co-acrylamide)/Polyethyleneimine (P(AA-co-AAm)/PEI) on Titanium Alloy with Excellent Lubrication Performance for Artificial Joints

by Yaling Deng, Yu Xu, Lei Nie and Yiyang Huang

Coatings 2024, 14(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14010028 - 25 Dec 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 900

Abstract

The development of coatings with efficient lubrication and load-bearing capacity is an urgent need for artificial joints. Here, we successfully fabricated poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/polyethyleneimine (P(AA-co-AAm)/PEI) coating on titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) surface via UV irradiation and thermal treatment technique. The dual crosslinked network structures were composed of a P(AA-co-AAm) network via free radical polymerization and a PAA-co-PEI network via thermal crosslinking of amine and carboxyl groups. The thermally crosslinked P(AA-co-AAm)/PEI coatings exhibit a stable low friction coefficient (approximately 0.022) and exceptionally low wear volume, with a 93.8% and 92.6% reduction, respectively, in comparison to the pristine Ti6Al4V. These thermally crosslinked P(AA-co-AAm)/PEI hydrogel coatings exhibit excellent lubrication and anti-wear properties, providing a strategy for developing novel lubricating coatings in the biomedical field. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Research and Development on Tribology and Lubrication in Materials and Manufacturing)

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14 pages, 3325 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation of the Lubrication Performance of γ-Al₂O₃/ZnO Hybrid Nanofluids for Titanium Alloy

by Ye Yang, Hao Luan, Fengbin Liu, Lina Si, Hongjuan Yan and Chenhui Zhang

Metals 2023, 13(10), 1701; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13101701 - 06 Oct 2023

Viewed by 620

Abstract

Titanium alloys are difficult to machine and have poor tribological properties. This paper investigates the lubricating performance of γ-Al₂O₃/ZnO hybrid nanofluids for Ti-6Al-4V. Pure and hybrid nanofluids are compared, and the effects of γ-Al₂O₃/ZnO ratios are studied. The results show that γ-Al₂O₃/ZnO hybrid nanofluids outperform pure nanofluids in terms of lower friction coefficients and better surface quality. Moreover, the hybrid nanofluid with a mass ratio of Al₂O₃ to ZnO of 2:1 demonstrates the best lubrication performance with a reduced friction coefficient of up to 22.1% compared to the base solution, resulting in improved surface quality. Al₂O₃ nanoparticles can adhere to the surface of ZnO nanoparticles and work as a coating, which further enhances the lubrication performance of the water-based nanofluid. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Research and Development on Tribology and Lubrication in Materials and Manufacturing)

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30 pages, 2752 KiB

Open AccessReview

Enhancing the Tribological Performance of Tool Steels for Wood-Processing Applications: A Comprehensive Review

by Musa Muhammed, Mousa Javidani, Majid Heidari and Mohammad Jahazi

Metals 2023, 13(8), 1460; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13081460 - 14 Aug 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1980

Abstract

The stochastic nature of tool wear during wood machining, owing to the dynamic properties of the biological material and its dependence on various factors, has raised significant industrial and research concerns in recent years. Explicitly, the tool wear is a product of the interaction between wood properties (such as hardness, density, and contamination level) and machining parameters (such as cutting speed, feed rate, and rake angle) alongside ambient conditions (such as temperature and humidity). The objective of this review paper is to provide an overview of recent advancements in the field of wood machining. To begin with, it highlights the important role of wood properties and ambient conditions influencing tool wear. Furthermore, the paper examines the various mechanisms involved in the wood-machining process and discusses their cost implications from an industrial perspective. It also covers technological advancements in the characterization of tool wear and explores the relationship between this parameter and other machining variables. It provides critical and analytical discussions on various methods for enhancing tool wear, including heat treatment, cryogenic treatment, thermochemical treatment, coating deposition, and hybrid treatments. Additionally, the paper incorporates statistical analysis to achieve two objectives. Firstly, it aims to identify the most significant wood property that affects tool wear and establish the correlation between this parameter and wood properties. Secondly, it investigates the effect of heat treatment parameters and carbide characteristics on tool wear as well as their correlation. Lastly, the review provides recommendations based on relevant literature for prospective researchers and industrial counterparts in the field. These recommendations aim to guide further exploration and practical applications in the subject matter. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Research and Development on Tribology and Lubrication in Materials and Manufacturing)

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13 pages, 6133 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Comparative Analysis of the Lubricating Performance of an Eco-Friendly Lubricant vs Mineral Oil in a Metallic System

by J. Santos García-Miranda, Luis Daniel Aguilera-Camacho, María Teresa Hernández-Sierra and Karla J. Moreno

Coatings 2023, 13(8), 1314; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13081314 - 27 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1051

Abstract

Eco-friendly lubricant research continues to increase since it has a comparative performance to commercial mineral lubricants to overcome the effects of environmental impact. However, the efficiency of these green lubricants depends on specific applications. In this study, we analyzed the friction and wear performance of a castor/sesame oil mixture as an eco-friendly lubricant and its comparison to a commercial mineral lubricant tested in a metallic system employed in bearing elements. For this purpose, AISI 8620 steel against ISO 100Cr6 was used as tribological pair. The friction and wear tests were carried out through a Tribometer of ball-on-disk configuration under boundary lubricating conditions, whereas the worn surfaces were investigated by using optical and electron microscopy. The physical properties and the rheological properties of the lubricants were also determined. The friction and wear performance between the eco-friendly lubricant and mineral oil were similar so that the CLE were comparable. The CLE values in terms of friction and wear ranged from 86% to 99.4%, respectively. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Research and Development on Tribology and Lubrication in Materials and Manufacturing)

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15 pages, 3233 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Effect of a Natural-Based Emulsion on the Cold Rolling Process

by Mattia Antonicelli, Umberto Liuzzo and Gianfranco Palumbo

J. Manuf. Mater. Process. 2023, 7(4), 121; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp7040121 - 23 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1281

Abstract

Lubrication in the cold rolling process plays a key role in withstanding the loads between the strip and the work rolls, as well as in ensuring high surface quality, tight geometric tolerances, and large thickness reductions. Most of the currently used lubricants have synthetic or semi-synthetic formulations, but the research for greener alternatives, able to guarantee very low environmental impact during both the preparation (use of natural raw components) and the disposal, is increasingly playing a key role. In the present work, the lubricating performance of a natural-based emulsion and a mineral-based one has been assessed in terms of rolling forces, Coefficient of Friction (CoF) at the roll/strip interface, and work rolls’ wear. Data from the two-stands reversing cold mill (RCM) at the Marcegaglia plant (Ravenna, Italy) were used for comparing the investigated lubricants. In particular, data about the forces and the wear evolution during the rolling process were acquired over quite a long period (11 months), thus being related to a large type of steel. In addition, the CoF was evaluated using the CSM High-Temperature pin-on-disk Tribometer (THT) and replicating the operating conditions in which the two lubricants are currently used. Laboratory tests revealed that the green lubricant is characterized by a better lubricating performance (the CoF value of the green lubricant is about 10% lower than the one of the semi-synthetic formulation). Such a result was confirmed by both the rolling forces (an average reduction equal to 5.6% was obtained by using the green lubricant) and by the work rolls’ wear (less frequent maintenance of the rolls), thus determining a large and valuable reduction of the process-related costs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Research and Development on Tribology and Lubrication in Materials and Manufacturing)

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12 pages, 2787 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effectiveness of Lubricants and Fly Ash Additive on Surface Damage Resistance under ASTM Standard Operating Conditions

by Tuan-Anh Bui, Van-Hung Pham, Duc-Toan Nguyen and Ngoc-Tam Bui

Coatings 2023, 13(5), 851; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13050851 - 30 Apr 2023

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1140

Abstract

This study investigated the effectiveness of lubricants and additives in preventing surface damage and wear, which is critical for numerous industrial applications. The ASTM standard operation conditions were employed for a series of experiments using a four-ball friction and wear tester, testing three different oils (A, B, and C) with and without 0.5% fly ash additive. The experiments were analyzed using a microscope to evaluate the effectiveness of oils and additives in preventing surface damage. The study found that certain anti-wear additives significantly reduced the size of wear scars on the balls, indicating their effectiveness in reducing surface damage. These findings have important implications for developing new lubricant formulations and optimizing industrial processes that involve sliding and rolling contacts. The study emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate oils and additives for specific applications to minimize surface damage and wear, which is crucial for improving the performance and lifespan of machine components. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Research and Development on Tribology and Lubrication in Materials and Manufacturing)

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12 pages, 35009 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Nano Fluids with Minimum Quantity Lubrication in Turning of Ni-Base Superalloy UDIMET 720

by Onur Özbek

Lubricants 2023, 11(4), 159; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11040159 - 29 Mar 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1372

Abstract

This article focuses on turning superalloy Udimet 720, which is difficult to work with, using different coolant/lubricant methods. The study includes delivering Graphene and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes nanopowders homogeneously dispersed in vegetable oil to the cutting area with the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) method. Experiments at different cutting speeds and feed rates were repeated in four different cutting environments. Compared to dry turning, the cutting zone temperature of the cutting fluid delivered to the cutting zone by MQL methods decreased. In addition, thanks to the nanopowders, it formed an oil film by better penetrating the cutting tool-chip interface and reducing the cutting tool’s wear. With the reduced cutting tool wear, the cutting tool could maintain its form for a longer period of time, so better quality surfaces were obtained on the workpiece surface. As a result of the study, it was found that cutting zone temperature improved by 30%, tool wear by 51.8% and surface roughness by 43.9%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Research and Development on Tribology and Lubrication in Materials and Manufacturing)

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13 pages, 4173 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Materials on Dry Friction and Wear Performance of Harmonic Reducer Circular Spline

by Guyue Hu, Yi Ge, Tong Wu, Xiaobiao Mu, Fengyao Ren, Zhuhao Shao and Chaolei Zhang

Metals 2023, 13(2), 378; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13020378 - 13 Feb 2023

Viewed by 1408

Abstract

Ductile iron and alloy steel are mostly used as the circular spline materials of harmonic reducers. The study of the differences in wear resistance of different circular spline materials is a strong basis for the design of high-precision and long-life harmonic reducers. The dry friction behaviors under room temperature of two ductile iron (low-load SHF and high-load SHG) alloys and steel (40Cr) circular spline materials were studied with a quantitative analysis of the alloy composition, microstructure, hardness and wear resistance. The results showed that the microstructures of SHF, SHG and 40Cr were graphite nodules within a tempered sorbite matrix, graphite nodules within a pearlite matrix and tempered sorbite, respectively. The hardness was inversely proportional to the wear resistance. The wear resistance of ductile iron was better than that of 40Cr, with SHF having the best wear resistance. The microstructure of the SHF and SHG ductile iron had a length of 8.1 μm, 5.9 μm (Ti, V, Mo)/C and Cu/Mg second-phase particles. Compared with tempered sorbite, the self-lubricating layer formed by the graphite nodules can effectively reduce wear. The proportion and average diameter of the SHF graphite were 1.2% and 30.9% higher, respectively, than those of the SHG graphite, providing a higher graphite spalling probability and longer graphite lubrication distance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Research and Development on Tribology and Lubrication in Materials and Manufacturing)

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Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Coatings coatings	3.4	4.7	2011	13.8 Days	CHF 2600
Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing jmmp	3.2	5.5	2017	14.2 Days	CHF 1800
Lubricants lubricants	3.5	4.1	2013	14.8 Days	CHF 2600
Metals metals	2.9	4.4	2011	15 Days	CHF 2600
Nanomaterials nanomaterials	5.3	7.4	2010	13.6 Days	CHF 2900

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