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Viruses
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Virus-Like Particle Vaccines 2023
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Virus-Like Particle Vaccines 2023

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Immunology, Vaccines, and Antivirals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 December 2023) | Viewed by 5535

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Martin F. Bachmann

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
RIA, Immunology, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
Interests: virus-like particles; vaccines; therapeutic vaccines; vaccines for companion animals; immune responses; memory
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Monique Vogel

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Immunology, University Clinic for Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Interests: allergy; immunotherapy; IgE; CD23; virus-like particles
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The structure, uniformity, stability, and function of virus-like particles (VLPs) have encouraged their scientific utilization as a unique tool in various applications in biomedical fields. Their interaction with the innate immune system is of major importance for the adaptive immune response they induce. The innate immune cells and molecules recognize and interact with VLPs on the basis of two major characteristics: size and surface geometry.

VLP-based vaccines against hepatitis B, human papilloma, malaria, and hepatitis E have been developed and are available in many countries around the world. Given the inherent immunogenicity of VLPs, they render themselves ideal for the development of new vaccines against infectious diseases as well as noncommunicable diseases, such as chronic inflammation or cancer.

This Special Issue is designed to provide an up-to-date view of the latest progress in the development of VLP-based prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines and technologies for their generation.

Prof. Dr. Martin F Bachmann
Prof. Dr. Monique Vogel
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • virus-like-particles
  • immunotherapy
  • infection
  • innate immune response
  • therapeutic vaccines

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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29 pages, 7780 KiB  
Article
A Bioreactor-Based Yellow Fever Virus-like Particle Production Process with Integrated Process Analytical Technology Based on Transient Transfection
by Gregor Dekevic, Tobias Tertel, Lars Tasto, Deborah Schmidt, Bernd Giebel, Peter Czermak and Denise Salzig
Viruses 2023, 15(10), 2013; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15102013 - 27 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1067
Abstract
Yellow Fever (YF) is a severe disease that, while preventable through vaccination, lacks rapid intervention options for those already infected. There is an urgent need for passive immunization techniques using YF-virus-like particles (YF-VLPs). To address this, we successfully established a bioreactor-based production process [...] Read more.
Yellow Fever (YF) is a severe disease that, while preventable through vaccination, lacks rapid intervention options for those already infected. There is an urgent need for passive immunization techniques using YF-virus-like particles (YF-VLPs). To address this, we successfully established a bioreactor-based production process for YF-VLPs, leveraging transient transfection and integrating Process Analytical Technology. A cornerstone of this approach was the optimization of plasmid DNA (pDNA) production to a yield of 11 mg/L using design of experiments. Glucose, NaCl, yeast extract, and a phosphate buffer showed significant influence on specific pDNA yield. The preliminary work for VLP-production in bioreactor showed adjustments to the HEK cell density, the polyplex formation duration, and medium exchanges effectively elevated transfection efficiencies. The additive Pluronic F-68 was neutral in its effects, and anti-clumping agents (ACA) adversely affected the transfection process. Finally, we established the stirred-tank bioreactor process with integrated dielectric spectroscopy, which gave real-time insight in relevant process steps, e.g., cell growth, polyplex uptake, and harvest time. We confirmed the presence and integrity of YF-VLP via Western blot, imaging flow cytometry measurement, and transmission electron microscopy. The YF-VLP production process can serve as a platform to produce VLPs as passive immunizing agents against other neglected tropical diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Virus-Like Particle Vaccines 2023)
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Review

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24 pages, 1228 KiB  
Review
Virus-like Particle Vaccines and Platforms for Vaccine Development
by Milad Kheirvari, Hong Liu and Ebenezer Tumban
Viruses 2023, 15(5), 1109; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15051109 - 02 May 2023
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3769
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) have gained a lot of interest within the past two decades. The use of VLP-based vaccines to protect against three infectious agents—hepatitis B virus, human papillomavirus, and hepatitis E virus—has been approved; they are very efficacious and offer long-lasting immune [...] Read more.
Virus-like particles (VLPs) have gained a lot of interest within the past two decades. The use of VLP-based vaccines to protect against three infectious agents—hepatitis B virus, human papillomavirus, and hepatitis E virus—has been approved; they are very efficacious and offer long-lasting immune responses. Besides these, VLPs from other viral infectious agents (that infect humans, animals, plants, and bacteria) are under development. These VLPs, especially those from human and animal viruses, serve as stand-alone vaccines to protect against viruses from which the VLPs were derived. Additionally, VLPs, including those derived from plant and bacterial viruses, serve as platforms upon which to display foreign peptide antigens from other infectious agents or metabolic diseases such as cancer, i.e., they can be used to develop chimeric VLPs. The goal of chimeric VLPs is to enhance the immunogenicity of foreign peptides displayed on VLPs and not necessarily the platforms. This review provides a summary of VLP vaccines for human and veterinary use that have been approved and those that are under development. Furthermore, this review summarizes chimeric VLP vaccines that have been developed and tested in pre-clinical studies. Finally, the review concludes with a snapshot of the advantages of VLP-based vaccines such as hybrid/mosaic VLPs over conventional vaccine approaches such as live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Virus-Like Particle Vaccines 2023)
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