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Viruses
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Disorders Caused by Viral Hepatitis beyond the Liver: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis,...
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Disorders Caused by Viral Hepatitis beyond the Liver: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Virology and Viral Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2024 | Viewed by 788

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ibrahim M. Sayed

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical & Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
Interests: viral hepatitis; new emerging pathogen; acute hepatitis of unknown etiology; pathogenesis; animal model
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mohamed El-Mokhtar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
Interests: biofilm

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Viral hepatitis can replicate beyond the liver. Extrahepatic manifestations have been reported in association with several viruses such as HBV, HCV, HEV, and others. These disorders include neurological disorders, cryoglobulinemia vasculitis, renal complications, rheumatologic manifestations, acute pancreatitis, and haematological disorders. The extrahepatic disorders of these viruses develop either via direct virus replication in these organs or indirectly via various host immune-mediated mechanisms, including the deposition and formation of viral–protein–IgM/IgG complexes in the organs.

The Special Issue, entitled "Disorders Caused by Viral Hepatitis Beyond the Liver: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment", aims to present recent research addressing the mysteries of virus-induced extrahepatic disorders. The scope of this Special Issue includes, but is not limited to, the following:

  • Viral hepatitis;
  • Extrahepatic disorders;
  • Replication;
  • Pathogenesis;
  • In vitro or in vivo culture model for studying extrahepatic disorders;
  • Diagnosis;
  • Treatment.

Dr. Ibrahim M. Sayed
Dr. Mohamed El-Mokhtar
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • viral hepatitis
  • extrahepatic disorders
  • replication
  • pathogenesis
  • in vitro or in vivo culture model for studying extrahepatic disorders
  • diagnosis
  • treatment

Published Papers (1 paper)

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23 pages, 397 KiB  
Review
Burden, Outcome, and Comorbidities of Extrahepatic Manifestations in Hepatitis B Virus Infections
by Busara Songtanin, Nattanicha Chaisrimaneepan, Roberto Mendóza and Kenneth Nugent
Viruses 2024, 16(4), 618; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16040618 - 16 Apr 2024
Viewed by 567
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections affect approximately 296 million people around the world, and the prevalence of any past or present HBV infection during the years 2015–2018 was as high as 4.3%. Acute HBV infection often presents with nonspecific symptoms and is usually [...] Read more.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections affect approximately 296 million people around the world, and the prevalence of any past or present HBV infection during the years 2015–2018 was as high as 4.3%. Acute HBV infection often presents with nonspecific symptoms and is usually self-limited, but 5% of patients can have persistent infections leading to chronic HBV infection and the risk of turning into chronic HBV infection is significantly higher in babies with vertical transmission (95%). Patients with chronic HBV infection are usually asymptomatic, but 15 to 40% of chronic HBV carriers develop cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition to liver-related disorders, HBV is also associated with several extrahepatic complications, including glomerulonephritis, cryoglobulinemia, neurologic disorders, psychological manifestations, polyarthritis, and dermatologic disorders. Making the diagnosis of HBV can be challenging since patients with chronic infections can remain symptom-free for decades before developing cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma, and patients with acute HBV infection may have only mild, nonspecific symptoms. Therefore, understanding how this virus causes extrahepatic complications can help clinicians consider this possibility in patients with diverse symptom presentations. The pathophysiology of these extrahepatic disorders likely involves immune-related tissue injury following immune complex formation and inflammatory cascades. In some cases, direct viral infection of extrahepatic tissue may cause a clinical syndrome. Currently, the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases recommends treatment of chronic HBV infections with interferon therapy and/or nucleos(t)ide analogs, and this treatment has been reported to improve some extrahepatic disorders in some patients with chronic HBV infection. These extrahepatic complications have a significant role in disease outcomes and increase medical costs, morbidity, and mortality. Therefore, understanding the frequency and pathogenesis of these extrahepatic complications provides important information for both specialists and nonspecialists and may help clinicians identify patients at an earlier stage of their infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disorders Caused by Viral Hepatitis beyond the Liver: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment)
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