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Viruses
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Acute Lung Injury Induced by Viral Infection
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Acute Lung Injury Induced by Viral Infection

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Virology and Viral Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (16 December 2023) | Viewed by 9216

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Zhimin Tao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Interests: nanomedicine for acute lung injury; novel cancer immunotherapy; advanced drug delivery systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infection via airborne or droplet transmission can cause respiratory illness with various degrees of presentation from asymptomatic, mild, severe, or critical conditions causing death. Viral-infection-induced acute lung injury, via direct or indirect insults, can progress to multiple organ dysfunction and refractory respiratory failure, leading to high death rates. In this Special Topic Issue, the focus will be on the diagnosis, epidemiology, pathogenic mechanisms, clinical characteristics, and therapeutic strategies for various viruses that can infect humans and cause multisystem inflammation and acute lung injury. This may include SARS-CoV-2 and its new variants, highly pathogenic influenza viruses, and many non-respiratory viruses that cause severe infections in humans and trigger acute lung injury indirectly. We are calling for submissions from clinicians and researchers in the fields of infectious disease, critical care/internal medicine, emergency medicine, clinical epidemiology, pathology, virology/microbiology, comparative medicine, and more. Types of investigations include experimental and/or clinical research articles, prospective or retrospective reports, controlled trials or observational studies, and systematic reviews or meta-analyses, with emphasis on viral-infection-related disorders or syndromes that lead to specific acute lung injury and therapeutics.

Prof. Dr. Zhimin Tao
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • acute lung injury
  • acute respiratory distress syndrome
  • viral infection
  • clinical management
  • experimental medicine

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review, Other

15 pages, 784 KiB  
Article
Impact of Administering Intravenous Azithromycin within 7 Days of Hospitalization for Influenza Virus Pneumonia: A Propensity Score Analysis Using a Nationwide Administrative Database
by Takatomo Tokito, Takashi Kido, Keiji Muramatsu, Kei Tokutsu, Daisuke Okuno, Hirokazu Yura, Shinnosuke Takemoto, Hiroshi Ishimoto, Takahiro Takazono, Noriho Sakamoto, Yasushi Obase, Yuji Ishimatsu, Yoshihisa Fujino, Kazuhiro Yatera, Kiyohide Fushimi, Shinya Matsuda and Hiroshi Mukae
Viruses 2023, 15(5), 1142; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15051142 - 10 May 2023
Viewed by 1825
Abstract
The potential antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effectiveness of azithromycin against severe influenza is yet unclear. We retrospectively investigated the effect of intravenous azithromycin administration within 7 days of hospitalization in patients with influenza virus pneumonia and respiratory failure. Using Japan’s national administrative database, we [...] Read more.
The potential antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effectiveness of azithromycin against severe influenza is yet unclear. We retrospectively investigated the effect of intravenous azithromycin administration within 7 days of hospitalization in patients with influenza virus pneumonia and respiratory failure. Using Japan’s national administrative database, we enrolled and classified 5066 patients with influenza virus pneumonia into severe, moderate, and mild groups based on their respiratory status within 7 days of hospitalization. The primary endpoints were total, 30-day, and 90-day mortality rates. The secondary endpoints were the duration of intensive-care unit management, invasive mechanical ventilation, and hospital stay. The inverse probability of the treatment weighting method with estimated propensity scores was used to minimize data collection bias. Use of intravenous azithromycin was proportional to the severity of respiratory failure (mild: 1.0%, moderate: 3.1%, severe: 14.8%). In the severe group, the 30-day mortality rate was significantly lower with azithromycin (26.49% vs. 36.65%, p = 0.038). In the moderate group, the mean duration of invasive mechanical ventilation after day 8 was shorter with azithromycin; there were no significant differences in other endpoints between the severe and moderate groups. These results suggest that intravenous azithromycin has favorable effects in patients with influenza virus pneumonia using mechanical ventilation or oxygen. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acute Lung Injury Induced by Viral Infection)
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16 pages, 2092 KiB  
Article
The Flavonoid Cyanidin Shows Immunomodulatory and Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Properties, Including SARS-CoV-2
by Josefina Vicente, Martina Benedetti, Paula Martelliti, Luciana Vázquez, María Virginia Gentilini, Freddy Armando Peñaranda Figueredo, Mercedes Soledad Nabaes Jodar, Mariana Viegas, Andrea Alejandra Barquero and Carlos Alberto Bueno
Viruses 2023, 15(4), 989; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15040989 - 18 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1730
Abstract
New antiviral treatments are needed to deal with the unpredictable emergence of viruses. Furthermore, vaccines and antivirals are only available for just a few viral infections, and antiviral drug resistance is an increasing concern. Cyanidin (a natural product also called A18), a key [...] Read more.
New antiviral treatments are needed to deal with the unpredictable emergence of viruses. Furthermore, vaccines and antivirals are only available for just a few viral infections, and antiviral drug resistance is an increasing concern. Cyanidin (a natural product also called A18), a key flavonoid that is present in red berries and other fruits, attenuates the development of several diseases, through its anti-inflammatory effects. Regarding its mechanism of action, A18 was identified as an IL-17A inhibitor, resulting in the attenuation of IL-17A signaling and associated diseases in mice. Importantly, A18 also inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway in different cell types and conditions in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we report that A18 restricts RSV, HSV-1, canine coronavirus, and SARS-CoV-2 multiplication, indicating a broad-spectrum antiviral activity. We also found that A18 can control cytokine and NF-κB induction in RSV-infected cells independently of its antiviral activity. Furthermore, in mice infected with RSV, A18 not only significantly reduces viral titers in the lungs, but also diminishes lung injury. Thus, these results provide evidence that A18 could be used as a broad-spectrum antiviral and may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic targets to control these viral infections and pathogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acute Lung Injury Induced by Viral Infection)
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16 pages, 1799 KiB  
Article
COVID-19 and Pulmonary Angiogenesis: The Possible Role of Hypoxia and Hyperinflammation in the Overexpression of Proteins Involved in Alveolar Vascular Dysfunction
by Anna Flavia Ribeiro Santos Miggiolaro, Felipe Paes Gomes da Silva, David Batista Wiedmer, Thiago Mateus Godoy, Nicolas Henrique Borges, Giulia Werner Piper, Alessandro G. G. Oricil, Carolline Konzen Klein, Elisa Carolina Hlatchuk, Júlio César H. Dagostini, Mariana Collete, Mayara Pezzini Arantes, Raissa C. D’Amico, Anderson A. Dutra, Marina Luise Viola de Azevedo and Lucia de Noronha
Viruses 2023, 15(3), 706; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15030706 - 08 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1789
Abstract
COVID-19 has been considered a vascular disease, and inflammation, intravascular coagulation, and consequent thrombosis may be associated with endothelial dysfunction. These changes, in addition to hypoxia, may be responsible for pathological angiogenesis. This research investigated the impact of COVID-19 on vascular function by [...] Read more.
COVID-19 has been considered a vascular disease, and inflammation, intravascular coagulation, and consequent thrombosis may be associated with endothelial dysfunction. These changes, in addition to hypoxia, may be responsible for pathological angiogenesis. This research investigated the impact of COVID-19 on vascular function by analyzing post-mortem lung samples from 24 COVID-19 patients, 10 H1N1pdm09 patients, and 11 controls. We evaluated, through the immunohistochemistry technique, the tissue immunoexpressions of biomarkers involved in endothelial dysfunction, microthrombosis, and angiogenesis (ICAM-1, ANGPT-2, and IL-6, IL-1β, vWF, PAI-1, CTNNB-1, GJA-1, VEGF, VEGFR-1, NF-kB, TNF-α and HIF-1α), along with the histopathological presence of microthrombosis, endothelial activation, and vascular layer hypertrophy. Clinical data from patients were also observed. The results showed that COVID-19 was associated with increased immunoexpression of biomarkers involved in endothelial dysfunction, microthrombosis, and angiogenesis compared to the H1N1 and CONTROL groups. Microthrombosis and vascular layer hypertrophy were found to be more prevalent in COVID-19 patients. This study concluded that immunothrombosis and angiogenesis might play a key role in COVID-19 progression and outcome, particularly in patients who die from the disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acute Lung Injury Induced by Viral Infection)
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Review

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15 pages, 694 KiB  
Review
Thromboembolic Events in Patients with Influenza: A Scoping Review
by Raffaella Rubino, Claudia Imburgia, Silvia Bonura, Marcello Trizzino, Chiara Iaria and Antonio Cascio
Viruses 2022, 14(12), 2817; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14122817 - 17 Dec 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2088
Abstract
Introduction: Influenza is an acute respiratory infection that usually causes a short-term and self-limiting illness. However, in high-risk populations, this can lead to several complications, with an increase in mortality. Aside from the well-known extrapulmonary complications, several studies have investigated the relationship between [...] Read more.
Introduction: Influenza is an acute respiratory infection that usually causes a short-term and self-limiting illness. However, in high-risk populations, this can lead to several complications, with an increase in mortality. Aside from the well-known extrapulmonary complications, several studies have investigated the relationship between influenza and acute cardio and cerebrovascular events. Reviews of the thromboembolic complications associated with influenza are lacking. Objectives: the study aims to conduct a scoping review to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients suffering from influenza and thromboembolic complications. Materials and methods: A computerized search of historical published cases using PubMed and the terms “influenza” or “flu” and “thrombosis”, “embolism”, “thromboembolism”, “stroke”, or “infarct” for the last twenty-five years was conducted. Only articles reporting detailed data on patients with thromboembolic complications of laboratory-confirmed influenza were considered eligible for inclusion in the scoping review. Results: Fifty-eight cases with laboratory documented influenza A or B and a related intravascular thrombosis were retrieved. Their characteristics were analyzed along with those of a patient who motivated our search. The localizations of thromboembolic events were pulmonary embolism 21/58 (36.2%), DVT 12/58 (20.6%), DVT and pulmonary embolism 3/58 (5.1%), acute ischemic stroke 11/58 (18.9%), arterial thrombosis 4/58 (6.8%), and acute myocardial infarction 5/58 (8.6%). Discussion: Our findings are important in clarifying which thromboembolic complications are more frequent in adults and children with influenza. Symptoms of pulmonary embolism and influenza can be very similar, so a careful clinical evaluation is required for proper patient management, possible instrumental deepening, and appropriate pharmacological interventions, especially for patients with respiratory failure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acute Lung Injury Induced by Viral Infection)
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Other

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8 pages, 595 KiB  
Brief Report
Assessing Pulmonary Epithelial Damage in Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome: Challenging the Predominant Role of Vascular Endothelium through sRAGE as a Potential Biomarker
by Gabriela Meza-Fuentes, René López, Cecilia Vial, Lina Jimena Cortes, Mauricio A. Retamal, Iris Delgado and Pablo Vial
Viruses 2023, 15(10), 1995; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15101995 - 26 Sep 2023
Viewed by 835
Abstract
Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) is a severe respiratory illness primarily associated with microvascular endothelial changes, particularly in the lungs. However, the role of the pulmonary epithelium in HCPS pathogenesis remains unclear. This study explores the potential of soluble Receptors for Advanced Glycation End-products [...] Read more.
Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) is a severe respiratory illness primarily associated with microvascular endothelial changes, particularly in the lungs. However, the role of the pulmonary epithelium in HCPS pathogenesis remains unclear. This study explores the potential of soluble Receptors for Advanced Glycation End-products (sRAGE) as a biomarker for assessing pulmonary epithelial damage in severe HCPS, challenging the prevailing view that endothelial dysfunction is the sole driver of this syndrome. We conducted a cross-sectional study on critically ill HCPS patients, categorizing them into mild HCPS, severe HCPS, and negative control groups. Plasma sRAGE levels were measured, revealing significant differences between the severe HCPS group and controls. Our findings suggest that sRAGE holds promise as an indicator of pulmonary epithelial injury in HCPS and may aid in tracking disease progression and guiding therapeutic strategies. This study brings clarity on the importance of investigating the pulmonary epithelium’s role in HCPS pathogenesis, offering potential avenues for enhanced diagnostic precision and support in this critical public health concern. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acute Lung Injury Induced by Viral Infection)
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