Mosquito-Borne Virus Discovery, Diagnostics and Vaccines

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Insect Viruses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2024 | Viewed by 821

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Virology, Department of Tropical Viral Vaccine Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
2. Center for Vaccines and Therapeutic Antibodies for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shimane University, Izumo 690-8504, Japan
Interests: dengue virus; zika virus; chikungunya virus; serology; molecular epidemiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
DEJIMA Infectious Disease Research Alliance (DIDA), Vaccine Research Development Center (VRDC), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
Interests: Japanese encephalitis virus; O Nyong Nyong virus; mayaro virus; getah virus; dengue virus; pathogenesis; molecular epidemiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mosquito-borne viral diseases have dramatically increased and become challenges for public health systems around the world. Rising urbanization, global travel, climate change and global warming and the migration of populations have expanded the potential for mosquitoes to proliferate, hence causing disease on a wider scale. Mosquito-borne viral diseases are a group of viral illnesses predominantly transmitted by mosquitoes, including viruses from the Flaviviridae and Togaviridae families, which are the most important arboviruses that cause diseases in humans. This trend has raised significant concerns for public health. Despite decades of research, there are currently no approved antiviral drugs or safe and effective vaccines for the prevention and treatment of flavivirus and alphavirus infection.  Hence, it is urgent to understand and determine viral- and host-enhancing mosquito-borne viral diseases to develop vaccines and encourage antiviral drug discovery.

In this Special Issue, we will gather a collection of research papers and reviews considering serological aspects, molecular diagnosis approaches for treating mosquito-borne viral diseases including flaviviruses, such as  DENV (Dengue virus), JEV (Japanese encephalitis virus), ZIKV (Zika virus), YFV (Yellow Fever virus), WNV (West Nile virus) and alphaviruses, such CHIKV (Chikungunya irus), ONNV (O Nyong Nyong virus), SINV (Sinbis virus), SFV (Semliki Forest virus) and RRV (Ross River Virus), as well as virus–host interactions and viral pathogenesis in animal models, to promote the discovery of antiviral drugs discovery and vaccine development. We look forward to receiving your submissions.

Dr. Mya Myat Ngwe Tun
Dr. Basu Dev Pandey
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mosquito-borne viruses
  • diagnostic approach
  • serology
  • molecular epidemiology
  • pathogenesis
  • antiviral drug
  • vaccine development
  • vitro assay
  • vivo assay (animal model)

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 3665 KiB  
Article
Molecular and Entomological Characterization of 2023 Dengue Outbreak in Dhading District, Central Nepal
by Sandesh Rimal, Sabin Shrestha, Sunita Wagle Paudel, Yogendra Shah, Govinda Bhandari, Kishor Pandey, Anjana Kharbuja, Merveille Kapandji, Ishan Gautam, Rajshree Bhujel, Yuki Takamatsu, Rudramani Bhandari, Chonticha Klungthong, Sanjaya Kumar Shrestha, Stefan Fernandez, Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige, Basu Dev Pandey, Takeshi Urano, Kouichi Morita, Mya Myat Ngwe Tun and Shyam Prakash Dumreadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Viruses 2024, 16(4), 594; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16040594 - 12 Apr 2024
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Abstract
In 2023, Nepal faced its second largest dengue outbreak ever, following a record-breaking number of dengue cases in 2022, characterized by the expansion of infections into areas of higher altitudes. However, the characteristics of the 2023 circulating dengue virus (DENV) and the vector [...] Read more.
In 2023, Nepal faced its second largest dengue outbreak ever, following a record-breaking number of dengue cases in 2022, characterized by the expansion of infections into areas of higher altitudes. However, the characteristics of the 2023 circulating dengue virus (DENV) and the vector density remain poorly understood. Therefore, we performed DENV serotyping, clinical and laboratory assessment, and entomological analysis of the 2023 outbreak in central Nepal. A total of 396 fever cases in Dhading hospital suspected of being DENV positive were enrolled, and blood samples were collected and tested by different techniques including PCR. Of these, 278 (70.2%) had confirmed DENV infection. Multiple serotypes (DENV-1, -2, and -3) were detected. DENV-2 (97.5%) re-emerged after six years in Dhading while DENV-3 was identified for the first time. Dengue inpatients had significantly higher frequency of anorexia, myalgia, rash, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and thrombocytopenia (p < 0.05). In this area, Aedes mosquitoes largely predominated (90.7%) with the majority being A. aegypti (60.7%). We also found high levels of Aedes index (20.0%) and container index (16.7%). We confirmed multiple DENV serotype circulation with serotype re-emergence and new serotype introduction, and high vector density in 2023. These findings call for the urgent initiation and scaling up of DENV molecular surveillance in human and mosquito populations for dengue control and prevention in Nepal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mosquito-Borne Virus Discovery, Diagnostics and Vaccines)
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