Dear Colleagues,

The intricate immune signals between both innate and adaptive branches of the immune system not only represent our first line of defense but also allow us to normally develop during ontogeny. These interactions take place sequentially to establish adequate metabolic and microbial commensal response(s), offering protection to exogenous biological entities and to an exaggerated inflammation. Complex cellular and humoral networks of adaptive immune cells and metabolic products are well known. However, fundamental questions remain unanswered about the interconnexion between innate and adaptive immune response(s) to immunoevasion. These will improve our knowledge on immunometabolic diseases, cancer, virus clearance, and recovery of immunocompetence. Identification and development of those with a concerted perspective will overcome the usually fragmented and compartmentalized approach to addressing the underlying immune alterations. Integrating both components in the context of its relationship to exposures (i.e., diet, environment, microbiota) and the host’s intrinsic and modifiable factors and disease outcomes will contribute toward vaccine and immunotherapeutic design and evaluation. 

Dr. Jose Moisés Laparra
Dr. Juan Antonio Giménez-Bastida
Guest Editors

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• innate immunity
• adaptive immunity
• trained immunity
• cancer
• virus
• neuroimmunology