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Symmetry
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Mechanics and Filtering Technology of Waste Particles
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Mechanics and Filtering Technology of Waste Particles

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Computer".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 7996

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Rimantas Kačianauskas

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Guest Editor
Institute of Mechanical Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, J. Basanavičiaus st. 28, 03224 Vilnius, Lithuania
Interests: discrete element method; granular matter; particulate solids; aerosols; computational mechanics of structures and materials by applying the finite element method: linear and nonlinear analysis; structural dynamics; seismic analysis; contact mechanics; fracture mechanics; coupled problems
Dr. Jonas Matijošius

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Guest Editor
Department of Automotive Transport, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saulėtekio 11, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
Interests: alternative fuels
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Artūras Kilikevičius

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Automotive Transport, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saulėtekio 11, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
Interests: mechanical properties; finite analysis; structural analysis; construction; construction engineering; dynamics nonlinear analysis; solid mechanics

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Symmetry is presented in many mechanical processes important in the theoretical and experimental study of air pollution reduction in transportation, manufacturing, construction, environmental, and other fields. This is very important when considering the processes that also take place during the combustion of fuels (biofuels, wood, agricultural and municipal waste, fuels used in cogeneration power-plants). Using the analysis of symmetric processes, it is possible to examine the existing and promising methods for finding the effect of air pollution reduction. Tightening environmental requirements for air pollution are becoming topical issues in the development of modern transport, building, and other mechanical systems. These environmental requirements have placed a strong focus on limiting the concentration and quantity of particulates. Increasing particulate filtration efficiency is therefore becoming an important topic. One way to reduce particulate air pollution is to use the acculturation agglomeration method. Emphasis is placed on the agglomeration effect of small particles, the particles that have the greatest impact on human health. Different kinds of agglomeration (e.g., acoustic) could be presented.

In this Special Issue of Symmetry, we will focus on the reasons for and consequences of the prevalent use of symmetry in many agglomerations of theoretical and experimental particle topics, such as reducing particle emissions from the transport sector, monitoring and reducing particulate emissions in manufacturing processes by using new filtration methods, considering the particulate matter pollution of the general building process, reducing combustion exhaust, and applying particle technology in the production of structural and functional materials and in environment- and energy-related matters. Studies of particle–particle interactions and suspension rheology or interactions between particles and their environment, including the delivery of particulate products to the body, that model particle agglomeration processes where symmetry, or the deliberate lack of symmetry, is present are also welcome.

Prof. Dr. Rimantas Kačianauskas
Dr. Jonas Matijošius
Prof. Dr. Artūras Kilikevičius
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • symmetry
  • particle agglomeration
  • particle–particle interactions and suspension rheology
  • interactions between particles and their environment
  • acoustic agglomeration
  • air pollution reduction
  • applications of particle technology in manufacturing processes

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 3195 KiB  
Article
Engine Vibration Data Increases Prognosis Accuracy on Emission Loads: A Novel Statistical Regressions Algorithm Approach for Vibration Analysis in Time Domain
by Tadas Žvirblis, Darius Vainorius, Jonas Matijošius, Kristina Kilikevičienė, Alfredas Rimkus, Ákos Bereczky, Kristóf Lukács and Artūras Kilikevičius
Symmetry 2021, 13(7), 1234; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13071234 - 09 Jul 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1849
Abstract
Statistical regression models have rarely been used for engine exhaust emission parameters. This paper presents a three-step statistical analysis algorithm, which shows increased prediction accuracy when using vibration and sound pressure data as a covariate variable in the exhaust emission prediction model. The [...] Read more.
Statistical regression models have rarely been used for engine exhaust emission parameters. This paper presents a three-step statistical analysis algorithm, which shows increased prediction accuracy when using vibration and sound pressure data as a covariate variable in the exhaust emission prediction model. The first step evaluates the best time domain statistic and the point of collection of engine data. The univariate linear regression model revealed that non-negative time domain statistics are the best predictors. Also, only one statistic evaluated in this study was a statistically significant predictor for all 11 exhaust parameters. The ecological and energy parameters of the engine were analyzed by statistical analysis. The symmetry of the methods was applied in the analysis both in terms of fuel type and in terms of adjustable engine parameters. A three-step statistical analysis algorithm with symmetric statistical regression analysis was used. Fixed engine parameters were evaluated in the second algorithm step. ANOVA revealed that engine power was a strong predictor for fuel mass flow, CO, CO2, NOx, THC, COSick, O2, air mass flow, texhaust, whereas type of fuel was only a predictor of tair and tfuel. Injection timing did not allow predicting any exhaust parameters. In the third step, the best fixed engine parameter and the best time domain statistic was used as a model covariate in ANCOVA model. ANCOVA model showed increased prediction accuracy in all 11 exhausted emission parameters. Moreover, vibration covariate was found to increase model accuracy under higher engine power (12 kW and 20 kW) and using several types of fuels (HVO30, HVO50, SME30, and SME50). Vibration characteristics of diesel engines running on alternative fuels show reliable relationships with engine performance characteristics, including amounts and characteristics of exhaust emissions. Thus, the results received can be used to develop a reliable and inexpensive method to evaluate the impact of various alternative fuel blends on important parameters of diesel engines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanics and Filtering Technology of Waste Particles)
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14 pages, 31200 KiB  
Article
Application of Acoustic Agglomeration Technology to Improve the Removal of Submicron Particles from Vehicle Exhaust
by Inga Garbarienė, Vadimas Dudoitis, Vidmantas Ulevičius, Kristina Plauškaitė-Šukienė, Artūras Kilikevičius, Jonas Matijošius, Alfredas Rimkus, Kristina Kilikevičienė, Darius Vainorius, Algirdas Maknickas, Sergejus Borodinas and Steigvilė Byčenkienė
Symmetry 2021, 13(7), 1200; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13071200 - 03 Jul 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2027
Abstract
The natural processes of interactions between aerosol particles in the ambient air through which they agglomerate is a vast area of chamber research and are inherent to many industries and are often inter-connected with transport engineering. Further improvement of symmetric methods for aerosol [...] Read more.
The natural processes of interactions between aerosol particles in the ambient air through which they agglomerate is a vast area of chamber research and are inherent to many industries and are often inter-connected with transport engineering. Further improvement of symmetric methods for aerosol particle number and mass concentration reduction made it possible to create various synergic techniques. The study used a 1.9 TDI diesel internal combustion engine, which was supplied with diesel (D100) and second-generation biofuels (NExBTL100) with the EGR exhaust system on and off. Measurements were performed using a Bruel and Kjær “Type 9727” system for measurement of vibrations, a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and an original agglomeration chamber. The three modes of particle size distributions were observed in the size range from 10 to 470 nm for both D100 and NExBTL100 fuels with and without the use of the EGR system. The application of 21.3 kHz frequency sound with SPL 144.1 dB changed the NExBTL100 generated aerosol particle number concentration but did not sufficiently affect the concentration of D100 emitted particles. The greatest agglomeration effect (21.7 ± 10.0%) was observed in the range of extremely small NExBTL100 derived particles (10–70 nm) when used in combination with an EGR system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanics and Filtering Technology of Waste Particles)
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30 pages, 14356 KiB  
Article
Symmetric Nature of Stress Distribution in the Elastic-Plastic Range of Pinus L. Pine Wood Samples Determined Experimentally and Using the Finite Element Method (FEM)
by Łukasz Warguła, Dominik Wojtkowiak, Mateusz Kukla and Krzysztof Talaśka
Symmetry 2021, 13(1), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13010039 - 29 Dec 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3100
Abstract
This article presents the results of experimental research on the mechanical properties of pine wood (Pinus L. Sp. Pl. 1000. 1753). In the course of the research process, stress-strain curves were determined for cases of tensile, compression and shear of standardized shapes [...] Read more.
This article presents the results of experimental research on the mechanical properties of pine wood (Pinus L. Sp. Pl. 1000. 1753). In the course of the research process, stress-strain curves were determined for cases of tensile, compression and shear of standardized shapes samples. The collected data set was used to determine several material constants such as: modulus of elasticity, shear modulus or yield point. The aim of the research was to determine the material properties necessary to develop the model used in the finite element analysis (FEM), which demonstrates the symmetrical nature of the stress distribution in the sample. This model will be used to analyze the process of grinding wood base materials in terms of the peak cutting force estimation and the tool geometry influence determination. The main purpose of the developed model will be to determine the maximum stress value necessary to estimate the destructive force for the tested wood sample. The tests were carried out for timber of around 8.74% and 19.9% moisture content (MC). Significant differences were found between the mechanical properties of wood depending on moisture content and the direction of the applied force depending on the arrangement of wood fibers. Unlike other studies in the literature, this one relates to all three stress states (tensile, compression and shear) in all significant directions (anatomical). To verify the usability of the determined mechanical parameters of wood, all three strength tests (tensile, compression and shear) were mapped in the FEM analysis. The accuracy of the model in determining the maximum destructive force of the material is equal to the average 8% (for tensile testing 14%, compression 2.5%, shear 6.5%), while the average coverage of the FEM characteristic with the results of the strength test in the field of elastic-plastic deformations with the adopted ±15% error overlap on average by about 77%. The analyses were performed in the ABAQUS/Standard 2020 program in the field of elastic-plastic deformations. Research with the use of numerical models after extension with a damage model will enable the design of energy-saving and durable grinding machines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanics and Filtering Technology of Waste Particles)
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