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Sustainable Agricultural Development Economics and Policy

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Forestry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 60289

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Guest Editor
College of Natural Sciences, Forestry and Agriculture, The University of Maine, Orono, MN 04469, USA
Interests: agro-forestry economics; agricultural systems modeling; carbon sequestration; greenhouse gas emissions; sustainability
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Agriculture, in developing and developed nations, faces huge challenges over the next century in meeting human food needs and shifting preferences. Agricultural economic development, from the personal and local level to the global and industrial level, needs to be balanced with community needs (e.g. food sovereignty, self-sufficiency, etc.) and adaptable with the amplifying environmental challenges (e.g., climate change, ecosystem degradation, etc.). Local, national, and global policies need to support sustainable agricultural economic development, while also addressing future environmental and community impacts on agriculture.

Manuscripts submitted for this Special Issue can focus on any agricultural system in developing or developed nations. Submissions can analyze agricultural food systems from the personal and local level, all the way up to global commodities. Analysis can focus on economics (e.g., statistical models, non-parametric analyses, farm budgets and models, financial statements, etc.), however, the mathematics should be presented in such a way for a multi-disciplinary audience, and part of the discussion section needs to be devoted to policy recommendations. Alternatively, writing can be heavily focused on policy proposals, but economic data needs to be presented (e.g., summary statistical data from prior literature in the introduction).

This Special Issue seeks manuscripts addressing the myriad of sustainable future pathways for agricultural economic development across the world from both an economic and a policy perspective. This can involve agricultural producers, the private sector, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), as well as national governments. Past successful strategies can be applied to new locations, current applied research showcased, and future proposals highlighted. Analyses should address some combination of economics and policy which can be integrated with other academic focuses (e.g., bio-physical modeling, rural sociology, agronomy, etc.).

Sustainable agricultural development can be economically viable while reducing the environmental impact of agricultural activities, and improving local communities. From an economic perspective, sustainability can be achieved through “economies of scale”, by increasing economic efficiency and agricultural productivity, and this can spare land, in the short run reducing the need to convert natural habitats into areas for agriculture. While export commodity agriculture can employ local workers, the diversified food needs of local communities may not be addressed. Agricultural development of both intensive and extensive systems may be more challenging in the future given changes in climate, agro-ecosystem degradation, and diminishing resource availability. Articles published in this Special Issue could address how agricultural systems involving commodities may be less sustainable in the future, how these systems can be designed to be more durable to future shocks, and how sustainability shortcomings of the “economies of scale” approach can be addressed.

Alternatively, sustainable agricultural development can use “economies of scope” where agricultural producers diversify production and input use, using systems-based approaches. While such diversification can be profitable, minimizes environmental impacts, and meets local community food needs, these systems may be challenging, due to the complexity of managing the farmscape like an ecosystem adjusted to reduce input use, selling more directly to consumers, or the lack of available capital. Articles accepted to this Special Issue could address how government policies can be re-structured to support more diversified agriculture, how to improve stability of community supported agriculture (CSAs), or how micro-finance can be used to encourage greater “economies of scope.”

Dr. Aaron K. Hoshide
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sustainability
  • agriculture
  • development
  • economics
  • policy
  • environment
  • community

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Published Papers (26 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 192 KiB  
Editorial
Sustainable Development Agricultural Economics and Policy: Intensification versus Diversification
by Aaron Kinyu Hoshide
Sustainability 2023, 15(12), 9716; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129716 - 18 Jun 2023
Viewed by 883
Abstract
Sustainable development of agriculture in both the developed and developing world is not only dependent on economics and policy but also decisions to increase sustainability through either (1) specialization (e [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agricultural Development Economics and Policy)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

22 pages, 2528 KiB  
Article
Water Dynamics and Hydraulic Functions in Sandy Soils: Limitations to Sugarcane Cultivation in Southern Brazil
by Jessica Lima Viana, Jorge Luiz Moretti de Souza, André Carlos Auler, Ricardo Augusto de Oliveira, Renã Moreira Araújo, Aaron Kinyu Hoshide, Daniel Carneiro de Abreu and Wininton Mendes da Silva
Sustainability 2023, 15(9), 7456; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097456 - 01 May 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1514
Abstract
Crop cultivation on sandy soils is susceptible to water stress. Therefore, we determined the physical-hydric attributes of a Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (Oxisol) in northwestern Paraná state, Brazil. Soil samples were collected at depth ranges of 0 to 0.2 m, 0.2 to 0.4 m, [...] Read more.
Crop cultivation on sandy soils is susceptible to water stress. Therefore, we determined the physical-hydric attributes of a Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (Oxisol) in northwestern Paraná state, Brazil. Soil samples were collected at depth ranges of 0 to 0.2 m, 0.2 to 0.4 m, and 0.4 to 0.6 m. We measured clay, silt, sand, fine and coarse sand contents, soil particle density, soil bulk density, total porosity, microporosity, and macroporosity. We also measured soil characteristics such as saturated and unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivities, pore distribution, water retention, available water capacity, and easily available water. We also estimated soil moisture, matric potential at field capacity, and time at field capacity. Validation of associations among these soil physical-hydric attributes was performed using principal component analysis. For the sandy soils analyzed, the distributions of coarse and fine sand fractions were measured for better evaluation of the soil’s physical and hydric attributes. Higher coarse sand contents increased soil hydraulic conductivities, maximum pore diameter, and macroporosity while reducing microporosity. Fine sand content reduced conductivity and increased soil water retention in subsurface layers. Simulated sugarcane yield increased with soil water storage. These results support improving crop simulation modeling of sugarcane to support sustainable intensification in regions with sandy soils. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agricultural Development Economics and Policy)
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22 pages, 3874 KiB  
Article
Estimating Suspended Sediment Concentration Using Remote Sensing for the Teles Pires River, Brazil
by Rhavel Salviano Dias Paulista, Frederico Terra de Almeida, Adilson Pacheco de Souza, Aaron Kinyu Hoshide, Daniel Carneiro de Abreu, Jaime Wendeley da Silva Araujo and Charles Campoe Martim
Sustainability 2023, 15(9), 7049; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097049 - 23 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1762
Abstract
Improving environmental sustainability involves measuring indices that show responses to different production processes and management types. Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in water bodies is a parameter of great importance, as it is related to watercourse morphology, land use and occupation in river basins, [...] Read more.
Improving environmental sustainability involves measuring indices that show responses to different production processes and management types. Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in water bodies is a parameter of great importance, as it is related to watercourse morphology, land use and occupation in river basins, and sediment transport and accumulation. Although already established, the methods used for acquiring such data in the field are costly. This hinders extrapolations along water bodies and reservoirs. Remote sensing is a feasible alternative to remedy these obstacles, as changes in suspended sediment concentrations are detectable by satellite images. Therefore, satellite image reflectance can be used to estimate SSC spatially and temporally. We used Sentinel-2 A and B imagery to estimate SSC for the Teles Pires River in Brazil’s Amazon. Sensor images used were matched to the same days as field sampling. Google Earth Engine (GEE), a tool that allows agility and flexibility, was used for data processing. Access to several data sources and processing robustness show that GEE can accurately estimate water quality parameters via remote sensing. The best SSC estimator was the reflectance of the B4 band corresponding to the red range of the visible spectrum, with the exponential model showing the best fit and accuracy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agricultural Development Economics and Policy)
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18 pages, 898 KiB  
Article
Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis of the Factors Affecting Satisfaction with the Policy of Ecological Forest Rangers
by Yonghua Zhang, Xue Wang, Shenwei Wan and Hongge Zhu
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 6743; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086743 - 17 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1381
Abstract
The policy of ecological forest rangers (EFRs) is one of the important policy tools to consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation in China. An in-depth analysis of the factors affecting the satisfaction of EFRs, and targeted improvement of related issues are conducive to [...] Read more.
The policy of ecological forest rangers (EFRs) is one of the important policy tools to consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation in China. An in-depth analysis of the factors affecting the satisfaction of EFRs, and targeted improvement of related issues are conducive to the promotion of the policy implementation effect, which is of great significance to further consolidate the achievements of ecological poverty alleviation, promoting rural revitalization. Based on the field survey data of 412 ecological forest rangers in Qianshan City, Anhui Province, China, this paper uses the multivariable interaction fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method to explore the level of ecological forest rangers’ policy satisfaction and the associated influencing factors. The results showed that (1) the overall evaluation of the ecological ranger groups’ satisfaction with EFRs was between “general” and “satisfied”; (2) the lack of policy identity and information mastery are the necessary conditions for low and high satisfaction of EFRs, respectively; (3) perception of implementation played a core role in high policy satisfaction, while a lack of information mastery and perception of implementation were the core variables that caused low policy satisfaction. Through comprehensive comparison, it was found that the conditional variables of policy cognition had an important impact on both high and low policy satisfaction. Enhancing the information grasp degree of ecological forest rangers and improving the perception level of policy implementation was the best strategy to effectively improve the satisfaction levels of ecological forest rangers with the policy. By exploring the influencing factors of the satisfaction with the current ecological forest ranger policy and analyzing the comprehensive effect of the configuration of each factor, this paper provides a reference for further improving the ecological forest ranger policy and consolidating the ecological poverty alleviation results in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agricultural Development Economics and Policy)
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21 pages, 4204 KiB  
Article
Effects of Land Use and Cropping on Soil Erosion in Agricultural Frontier Areas in the Cerrado-Amazon Ecotone, Brazil, Using a Rainfall Simulator Experiment
by Marco Aurélio Barbosa Alves, Adilson Pacheco de Souza, Frederico Terra de Almeida, Aaron Kinyu Hoshide, Handrey Borges Araújo, Apoliano Francisco da Silva and Daniel Fonseca de Carvalho
Sustainability 2023, 15(6), 4954; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064954 - 10 Mar 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1682
Abstract
Agricultural soils provide ecosystem services, but the removal of natural vegetation reduces water infiltration capacity, increasing surface runoff. Thus, monitoring erosion is critical for sustainable agricultural management. Sediment losses and surface runoff were evaluated using a simulated rainfall of 75 mm/h in areas [...] Read more.
Agricultural soils provide ecosystem services, but the removal of natural vegetation reduces water infiltration capacity, increasing surface runoff. Thus, monitoring erosion is critical for sustainable agricultural management. Sediment losses and surface runoff were evaluated using a simulated rainfall of 75 mm/h in areas with crops and pastures in both the Caiabi River and Renato River sub-basins of the Teles Pires River watershed in Mato Grosso State, Brazil. In both the Caiabi and Renato sub-basins, data were collected from 156 observations in the upper, middle, and lower regions where (1) soybeans, (2) maize, and (3) pasture were grown alone, with another crop, or with soil that was scarified. Erosion occurred independent of soil texture and was closely related to the management and use of systems involving fewer crops and more soil scarification, regardless of sub-basin location. In uncovered, scarified soil, the soil losses from erosion were greater compared to covered soil, regardless of sub-basin and sub-basin region. In the Renato River sub-basin, soil losses in cultivated areas not planted with crops but with scarification were 66.01, 90.79, and 60.02 g/square meter in the upper, middle, and lower regions, respectively. Agricultural producers need to increase the planting of crops throughout the year and minimize soil disturbance, which will reduce soil erosion and improve sustainability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agricultural Development Economics and Policy)
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23 pages, 1973 KiB  
Article
Training Sources and Preferences for Agricultural Producers and Professionals in Middle-North Mato Grosso, Brazil
by Jordane Aparecida Vieira dos Reis, Aaron Kinyu Hoshide, John Robert Vreyens, André Soares de Oliveira, Vanessa Aparecida Moreira de Barros, Wininton Mendes da Silva, Luana Molossi, Jessica Lima Viana, Daniel Carneiro de Abreu and Ronaldo Alves de Oliveira
Sustainability 2023, 15(6), 4712; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064712 - 07 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2272
Abstract
Brazil’s midwest has rapidly expanded large-scale commodity crops such as soybeans and maize. We surveyed both agricultural producers and agricultural professionals in the middle-north region of Mato Grosso state, Brazil. Agricultural professionals provide technical support to agricultural producers and both are served by [...] Read more.
Brazil’s midwest has rapidly expanded large-scale commodity crops such as soybeans and maize. We surveyed both agricultural producers and agricultural professionals in the middle-north region of Mato Grosso state, Brazil. Agricultural professionals provide technical support to agricultural producers and both are served by Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (ATER) with nationally and internationally recognized extension outreach. Our objectives were to define and contrast agricultural producer and professional characteristics, especially source(s) relied upon for agricultural training. There were 94 agricultural producers and 89 agricultural professionals that responded to our surveys, which were summarized and contrasted using statistical software. There was a predominance of male farmers, married with a broad age range. Agricultural professionals who advise producers had a high educational level. Producers and professionals were most reliant on private sector agricultural companies and business support organizations for agricultural training, versus public institutions such as universities and state/federal agencies. In the state of Mato Grosso, extension outreach can involve joint efforts by public and private sector entities. However, more targeted efforts are needed to ensure that public sector research is more equally used by agricultural producers and professionals in the region, especially during field days and face-to-face technical lectures during the off-season. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agricultural Development Economics and Policy)
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19 pages, 3694 KiB  
Article
Using the GeoWEPP Model to Predict Water Erosion in Micro-Watersheds in the Brazilian Cerrado
by Wellington de Azambuja Magalhães, Ricardo Santos Silva Amorim, Maria O’Healy Hunter, Edwaldo Dias Bocuti, Luis Augusto Di Loreto Di Raimo, Wininton Mendes da Silva, Aaron Kinyu Hoshide and Daniel Carneiro de Abreu
Sustainability 2023, 15(6), 4711; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064711 - 07 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1315
Abstract
The GeoWEPP model has estimated water and soil losses caused by erosion at the watershed level in different parts of the world. However, this model was developed and its parameters have been adjusted for temperate climates, which are different from tropical climates such [...] Read more.
The GeoWEPP model has estimated water and soil losses caused by erosion at the watershed level in different parts of the world. However, this model was developed and its parameters have been adjusted for temperate climates, which are different from tropical climates such as those found in Brazil. Our study evaluated the performance of the GeoWEPP model in estimating soil erosion in three micro-watersheds in the Cerrado (i.e., savannah) of southeastern Mato Grosso state, Brazil. Major land uses modeled were soybean and corn cultivation, traditional pasture, and native vegetation. Input parameters for the GeoWEPP model involved climate, soil, land use and management, and topography. GeoWEPP was calibrated with input parameters for soil erodibility specified as interrill and rill soil erosion, soil critical shear stress, and saturated hydraulic conductivity obtained experimentally and estimated by internal routine equations of the GeoWEPP model. Soil losses observed in micro-watersheds with agriculture, pasture, and native vegetation were 0.11, 0.06, and 0.10 metric tons per hectare per year, respectively. GeoWEPP best modeled soil erosion for native vegetation and pasture, while over-estimating that for crops. Surface runoff was best modeled for crops versus native vegetation and pasture. The GeoWEPP model performed better when using soil erodibility input parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agricultural Development Economics and Policy)
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26 pages, 4567 KiB  
Article
Land Use Changes in the Teles Pires River Basin’s Amazon and Cerrado Biomes, Brazil, 1986–2020
by Aline Kraeski, Frederico Terra de Almeida, Adilson Pacheco de Souza, Tania Maria de Carvalho, Daniel Carneiro de Abreu, Aaron Kinyu Hoshide and Cornélio Alberto Zolin
Sustainability 2023, 15(5), 4611; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054611 - 04 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1418
Abstract
The Teles Pires River basin in Brazil’s center-west has recently expanded agricultural economic development at the expense of both the Amazon rainforest and Cerrado savannah. We evaluated these changes occurring in this basin over the last 34 years. Maps were generated to determine [...] Read more.
The Teles Pires River basin in Brazil’s center-west has recently expanded agricultural economic development at the expense of both the Amazon rainforest and Cerrado savannah. We evaluated these changes occurring in this basin over the last 34 years. Maps were generated to determine changes in land use classifications between 1986, 1991, 1996, 2000, 2005, 2011, 2015, and 2020. The supervised classification of Landsat 5 and 8 images used the maximum likelihood algorithm. Satellite spatial data on land use downloaded from the United States Geological Survey were validated according to 1477 locations, where our research team categorized land use in the field during 2020. The growth in agricultural crops (+643%) and pasture (+250%) from 1986 to 2020 were detrimental to natural areas, such as the rainforest and savannah. The percentage increase in the agricultural areas between the evaluated years peaked around 1996 and stabilized in 2020 at 40% of the Teles Pires River basin’s land area. Land use change patterns were related to political/economic events in Brazil, forest/pasture conversions until 2011, and the change from pasture to crops from 2011 to 2020. There was greater intensity in the changes in the upper Teles Pires River basin toward the south, which expanded northward over time. Sustainable agricultural intensification is needed in such stabilized, frontier areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agricultural Development Economics and Policy)
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18 pages, 3480 KiB  
Article
Estimating Sugarcane Yield in a Subtropical Climate Using Climatic Variables and Soil Water Storage
by Jessica Lima Viana, Jorge Luiz Moretti de Souza, Aaron Kinyu Hoshide, Ricardo Augusto de Oliveira, Daniel Carneiro de Abreu and Wininton Mendes da Silva
Sustainability 2023, 15(5), 4360; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054360 - 28 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1760
Abstract
Brazil is the largest producer of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) in the world, and this crop’s response to climate and soil water storage is essential for optimal management and genetic/yield improvements. The objective of our study was to build a multivariate model to [...] Read more.
Brazil is the largest producer of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) in the world, and this crop’s response to climate and soil water storage is essential for optimal management and genetic/yield improvements. The objective of our study was to build a multivariate model to estimate sugarcane yield in the subtropical conditions of the northwestern Paraná region using climatic and soil water storage variables. Observed yield data was used from experiments conducted at the Experimental Station of the Sugarcane Genetic Improvement Program of the Universidade Federal do Paraná. The sugarcane varieties RB72454, RB867515, RB966928, and RB036066 were analyzed in the 1998–2006, 2008, 2018 and 2019 harvest years. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis with repeated cross-validation was developed to estimate sugarcane yield given climate and soil water storage variables for crop growth phases. The accumulated degree days in Phases I and II and soil water storage in Phase II of development significantly impacted sugarcane yield. The multiple linear regression model, with accumulated degree days and soil water storage in Phases I and II of development, successfully predicted sugarcane yield for analyzed varieties. Sugarcane production models like the one we developed can improve crop management for greater sustainability and climate change adaption in Brazil and other areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agricultural Development Economics and Policy)
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23 pages, 2981 KiB  
Article
Organic Fertilization with Biofertilizer Alters the Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Young Cladodes of Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.
by Márcio S. Silva, Jackson S. Nóbrega, Cleberton C. Santos, Franciscleudo B. Costa, Daniel C. Abreu, Wininton M. Silva, Aaron Kinyu Hoshide, Fernando A. L. Gomes, Ulisses S. Pereira, Jéssica A. Linné and Silvana P. Q. Scalon
Sustainability 2023, 15(4), 3841; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043841 - 20 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1415
Abstract
Cactus cladodes are consumed by humans in arid and semiarid regions of the world. The use of biofertilizers when cultivating cacti can improve the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil, as well as the cladodes’ productivity and physical-chemical quality. We evaluated the [...] Read more.
Cactus cladodes are consumed by humans in arid and semiarid regions of the world. The use of biofertilizers when cultivating cacti can improve the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil, as well as the cladodes’ productivity and physical-chemical quality. We evaluated the physical and physical-chemical qualities of different lengths of Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. Cladodes were grown with different biofertilizer doses. The 3 × 5 factorial design employed corresponded to three cladode sizes (8–12, 12–16, and 16–20 cm) and five doses of biofertilizer (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%) with three repetitions in a completely randomized design. Cladode characteristics were evaluated 40 days after emergence: diameter, fresh mass, soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solid and titratable acidity ratio (SS/TA), ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, total soluble sugars, chlorophyll a, b, and total, carotenoids, and respiration. The Opuntia stricta cladodes sized 16–20 cm exhibited better physical and physical-chemical qualities as well as better respiratory rates. The biofertilizer improved the cladodes’ physical and physical-chemical qualities, regardless of the cladode’s size. Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. cladodes had levels of antioxidant compounds similar to those of some conventional vegetables, making them suitable for improving human health in arid environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agricultural Development Economics and Policy)
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20 pages, 282 KiB  
Article
Current Impediments for New England DOTs to Transition to Sustainable Roadside Practices for Strengthening Pollinator Habitats and Health
by John Campanelli, Yulia A. Kuzovkina and Samuel Kocurek
Sustainability 2023, 15(4), 3639; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043639 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1444
Abstract
Government agencies whose work impacts the environment have sought more sustainable policy changes that require the use of native plants for revegetation. However, New England DOTs have encountered hurdles in attempts to transition from using cool-season turfgrass to implementing the more complicated management [...] Read more.
Government agencies whose work impacts the environment have sought more sustainable policy changes that require the use of native plants for revegetation. However, New England DOTs have encountered hurdles in attempts to transition from using cool-season turfgrass to implementing the more complicated management practices required to establish native plant communities. Two of the most significant barriers have been the slow transition to mainly using native plants for revegetation and the lack of genetically appropriate ecotypic native plant material (ENPM) produced in the Northeast. Growers of ENPM have resisted increasing production because they struggle to gauge demand due to substantial communication gaps between local producers and end users. Therefore, we organized focus groups with New England state DOTs, Departments of Environmental Protection, and Fish and Wildlife Services to determine their demand for ENPM and to explore their relationships with producers. We determined that the subcontracting of DOTs hinders their ability to develop relationships with producers because it leaves seed source selection in the hands of third parties. Another impediment was found to be the resistance of some maintenance departments to adopt sustainable management practices, such as reduced mowing. In summary, we determined that DOTs would benefit from establishing more direct relationships with producers to communicate their ENPM needs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agricultural Development Economics and Policy)
19 pages, 1820 KiB  
Article
Climate Change, Farm Irrigation Facilities, and Agriculture Total Factor Productivity: Evidence from China
by Hai Li and Hui Liu
Sustainability 2023, 15(4), 2889; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15042889 - 06 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1700
Abstract
Due to the trend of global warming, individuals from all walks of life have paid close attention to how climate change affects food security. China is a sizable nation with a rich climate and a diverse range of food crops that are of [...] Read more.
Due to the trend of global warming, individuals from all walks of life have paid close attention to how climate change affects food security. China is a sizable nation with a rich climate and a diverse range of food crops that are of interest to researchers. Additionally, there is little mention of agricultural technology and farm irrigation facilities in academic research on climate change and agricultural economic growth in China. As a result, this study uses the SBM model, panel fixed effect model, and SYS-GMM model to examine the development trend of climate change and food security based on the panel data of Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2020. The study found that China has maintained an average annual growth rate of 4.3% in agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) in recent years, despite the impact of extreme weather. The average annual precipitation has a depressing influence on the TFP in agriculture, while the average annual temperature has the opposite effect. The farm irrigation facilities and agricultural technology’s moderating impact is mostly shown in how well they attenuate the impact of climate change on the TFP in agriculture. Food crops have thereby improved their ability to survive natural risks and attain higher yields as a result of advancements in agricultural technology and increasing investment in contemporary farm irrigation facilities. The study’s conclusions are used in the article to make the suggestion that strengthening climate change adaptation is necessary to ensure food security. The strategic policy of “storing grain in technology and storing grain in the soil” and the advancement of contemporary agricultural technology must be put into reality while the management system for grain reserves is being improved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agricultural Development Economics and Policy)
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24 pages, 4782 KiB  
Article
Back to the Future: Agricultural Booms, Busts, and Diversification in Maine, USA, 1840–2017
by Aaron Kinyu Hoshide
Sustainability 2022, 14(23), 15907; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142315907 - 29 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3176
Abstract
In temperate forested regions, historical agricultural production and value have been characterized by booms and busts. Agricultural diversification can encourage more stable agricultural development in the future. Agricultural Census and Survey data from 1840 to 2017 were used to estimate crop and livestock [...] Read more.
In temperate forested regions, historical agricultural production and value have been characterized by booms and busts. Agricultural diversification can encourage more stable agricultural development in the future. Agricultural Census and Survey data from 1840 to 2017 were used to estimate crop and livestock species’ product production and value for Maine, USA. These data were also used to calculate agricultural diversity indicators over time such as species richness, relative abundance, effective number of species, species diversification index, evenness, Shannon-Weiner index, and composite entropy index. Maine’s historical grass-based livestock systems included crops raised to feed livestock from the state’s establishment until the 1950’s. Since the 1950’s, production and value of livestock commodity products (e.g., meat chicken, eggs) have busted after initial booms. Three categories where diversity indicators have become more favorable since the 1950’s in Maine include livestock, livestock forage/feed, and potatoes and potato rotation crops. Mixed vegetables, fruits, nuts, and specialty crops as a category have had diversity increases during the 1970’s back-to-the-land movement and over the past two decades. Floriculture, propagation, and X-Mas trees as a category have witnessed volatile diversity indicator changes over time. Past diversification strategies can inspire farmers to go “back to the future” to improve sustainability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agricultural Development Economics and Policy)
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15 pages, 278 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Government Subsidies on Technological Innovation in Agribusiness: The Case for China
by Liping Wu, Kai Hu, Oleksii Lyulyov, Tetyana Pimonenko and Ishfaq Hamid
Sustainability 2022, 14(21), 14003; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142114003 - 27 Oct 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2654
Abstract
With the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and the promotion of agricultural and rural modernization, the subsidies enjoyed by agricultural enterprises in China are increasing. As a result, the effectiveness of government subsidies for the technological innovation of agricultural enterprises has attracted [...] Read more.
With the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and the promotion of agricultural and rural modernization, the subsidies enjoyed by agricultural enterprises in China are increasing. As a result, the effectiveness of government subsidies for the technological innovation of agricultural enterprises has attracted more and more attention. Based on the perspectives of the whole industry chain of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fisheries, and of processing, manufacturing, circulation, and service, this paper takes the listed agricultural companies from 2007 to 2019 as a research sample and empirically tests the effects and mechanisms of government subsidies on the technological innovation of agricultural enterprises. The study applies the fixed effect and intermediary effect models. The findings show that government subsidies potentially encourage agricultural enterprises to grow more successfully. Moreover, R&D expenditure is essential for enterprise technological innovation and leads to an intermediate impact. At the same time, government subsidies for the technological innovation of agricultural enterprises have a certain heterogeneity between different industries, state-owned enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises, and large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises. Therefore, this study argues that the government should continue to raise subsidies. In addition, the subsidies should be “different from enterprise to enterprise”, and government subsidy funds should be better supervised to foster agricultural technological innovation properly. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agricultural Development Economics and Policy)
26 pages, 3658 KiB  
Article
Sustainability Trade-Offs in Media Coverage of Poverty Alleviation: A Content-Based Spatiotemporal Analysis in China’s Provinces
by Yuting Sun and Shu-Nung Yao
Sustainability 2022, 14(16), 10058; https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610058 - 14 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2002
Abstract
Poverty alleviation has always been fundamental for China to achieve the goal of creating a moderately prosperous society. This study conducted a content-based spatiotemporal analysis of media coverage, regression analysis of panel data, and text mining to examine how China’s Targeted Poverty Alleviation [...] Read more.
Poverty alleviation has always been fundamental for China to achieve the goal of creating a moderately prosperous society. This study conducted a content-based spatiotemporal analysis of media coverage, regression analysis of panel data, and text mining to examine how China’s Targeted Poverty Alleviation (TPA) Strategy is characterised by online mainstream media platform. A total of 10,857 articles related to TPA in 31 specific provinces of mainland China were collected and analysed by Natural Language Processing (NLP) analysis. The results of this study indicated that spatiotemporal distribution of TPA coverage was consistent with the typical logic of the Chinese government in policy implementation based on spatial and social marginalisation. Media attention on TPA is influenced by economic, environmental, and community sustainability indicators, reflecting the sustainability trade-offs in TPA-related media coverage. The keywords embedded in media coverage indicated that agricultural product promotion in extremely impoverished areas and the experiences of economically developed agricultural areas were essential for poverty eradication. Keywords emphasise top-down administrative-led poverty governance for extremely impoverished areas and local autonomy for relatively impoverished areas. This study provides perspectives for antipoverty governance and media empowerment in the postpoverty era in China. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agricultural Development Economics and Policy)
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24 pages, 10191 KiB  
Article
Structural Evolution and Sustainability of Agricultural Trade between China and Countries along the “Belt and Road”
by Lunzheng Zhou and Guangji Tong
Sustainability 2022, 14(15), 9512; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159512 - 03 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2638
Abstract
Enhancing trade in agricultural products between China and countries along the “Belt and Road” (B&R) will help strengthen China’s food security and promote global, sustainable economic development. Based on the agricultural trade data between China and B&R countries from 2001 to 2019, we [...] Read more.
Enhancing trade in agricultural products between China and countries along the “Belt and Road” (B&R) will help strengthen China’s food security and promote global, sustainable economic development. Based on the agricultural trade data between China and B&R countries from 2001 to 2019, we used the TII index, the HHI index, and the social network analysis method to calculate the trade structure of agricultural products between China and B&R countries, in terms of plane structure and spatial network structure, and analyzed the influencing factors of their spatial network structure. The results show that China’s agricultural trade with B&R countries is highly concentrated in terms of regions and types, the import trade is decentralized, while the export trade is concentrated, and the regions with high trade intensity are mainly concentrated in the countries in close proximity. China’s agricultural trade network with B&R countries has become increasingly close, and China has a significant presence in trade networks. The trade network shows four major segments, and the internal and external trade of each segment has become increasingly close. Water resources, geographical location, transportation, trade agreements, and trade structure are the main influencing factors in the trade network between China and B&R countries. Our findings provide useful insights for informed decision-making in the development of international agricultural sustainable cooperation strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agricultural Development Economics and Policy)
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14 pages, 305 KiB  
Article
Towards Sustainable Agricultural Development for Edible Beans in China: Evidence from 848 Households
by Jiliang Ma, Jiajia Qu, Nawab Khan and Huijie Zhang
Sustainability 2022, 14(15), 9328; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159328 - 29 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1728
Abstract
Minor beans other than soybeans or peanuts are edible beans (EBs) that significantly contribute to the Chinese agricultural sector and play a vital role in the sustainability of agricultural production, diversification of food consumption, and income generation for producers. These beans are an [...] Read more.
Minor beans other than soybeans or peanuts are edible beans (EBs) that significantly contribute to the Chinese agricultural sector and play a vital role in the sustainability of agricultural production, diversification of food consumption, and income generation for producers. These beans are an important source of protein in a healthy diet, helping to improve national food security. In addition, adjusting and optimizing the industrial structure promotes the sustainable development of agriculture and diversifies staple food crops and introduction of new revenue streams for EB products. The current study examines the responses of mung bean and broad bean producers to environmental and internal input constraints. This study uses the production function with a multilevel mixed-effects method and is based on 848 households from two major EB-producing provinces of China in 2018 and 2019. The results show that local climatic conditions influence planting behavior. These types of beans are considered as a supplement and backup crop to the staple crop. Commercialization encourages cultivation. Producers show variable price responses to output prices, but very strong responses to product costs. Minor bean production is favored by small households because of its low labor intensity. For households growing these beans for consumption, soil fertility and environmental outcomes are improved. Findings from research on planting behavior have strong policy implications for guiding research and development for drought and pest resistance, market monitoring for price stabilization, promoting EB production through low-cost technologies, and encouraging sustainable agriculture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agricultural Development Economics and Policy)
18 pages, 1111 KiB  
Article
Delving Deeper into Market Concentration of Poultry Feed and the Driving Factors for Brand Switching: Evidence from Commercial Egg Producers in Nigeria
by Fatai Abiola Sowunmi, Abeeb Adetunji Bello, Adebayo Isaiah Ogunniyi and Abiodun Olusola Omotayo
Sustainability 2022, 14(13), 8030; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14138030 - 30 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2027
Abstract
An increase in the price of branded feed has been a major problem for the poultry subsector of Nigerian agriculture, and brand switching for a cheap feed at the expense of quality is a common strategy used by egg-producing farmers. Using descriptive statistics, [...] Read more.
An increase in the price of branded feed has been a major problem for the poultry subsector of Nigerian agriculture, and brand switching for a cheap feed at the expense of quality is a common strategy used by egg-producing farmers. Using descriptive statistics, the Markov chain model and the logistic regression model, our study shows that almost 96% of the egg producers use branded feed while 43.1% switched feed brands because of the increase in the price of their preferred brands. Most farmers used Chikun (39.3%) and Top feed (23.2%) six months before data collection and during data collection, respectively. Our study found that approximately 37% of the feed sellers sold at least 10–50 bags per day. We revealed great inequality regarding market concentration: 50% of the feed sellers accounted for 89.5% of the total bags of feed sold per day. Hybrid had the highest customer loyalty. The study shows that Chikun gained 23.7% and 7.1% from Hybrid and Top feed, respectively, while Hybrid gained 36.0% and 35.7% from Chikun and Top feed (change in loyalty by egg producers), respectively. Membership of an association, distance to feed sellers, flock size and the average price of feed per bag were factors that influenced brand switching of poultry feed among egg producers. The study recommends that the government assists in subsidizing the price of critical ingredients (maize and soya bean) in feed production to prevent the price of eggs (the cheap source of protein) from becoming out of reach for most Nigerians. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agricultural Development Economics and Policy)
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15 pages, 806 KiB  
Article
U.S. Almond Exports and Retaliatory Trade Tariffs
by Abraham Ajibade and Sayed Saghaian
Sustainability 2022, 14(11), 6409; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116409 - 24 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4123
Abstract
The U.S. is the top producer, exporter, and consumer of tree nuts in the world. Tree nuts are a significant part of U.S. agricultural exports to the world. In 2019, the U.S. exported about USD 9.1 billion worth of tree nuts, just behind [...] Read more.
The U.S. is the top producer, exporter, and consumer of tree nuts in the world. Tree nuts are a significant part of U.S. agricultural exports to the world. In 2019, the U.S. exported about USD 9.1 billion worth of tree nuts, just behind soybean exports at USD 18.7 billion. Tree nuts, such as almonds and pistachios, are mostly produced in the state of California. California produces 100% of U.S. commercial almonds. Globally, almonds are the leading U.S. tree nut export in both value and volume. Almonds are shipped to over 90 countries annually. This study aimed to investigate factors affecting the export demand function for U.S. almonds in major destination countries and evaluate the impact of the retaliatory trade tariffs policy by some of the importing countries on the U.S. almond exports. The currently available literature does not fully address these issues. We identified the top five almond export destinations, which were in Europe and Asia, namely, China/Hong Kong, Germany, India, Japan, and Spain, which account for more than 50% of U.S. almond imports. We used a double-log export demand equation that is well referenced in the literature and economic theory to identify the significant explanatory variables affecting the U.S. almonds export demand function. We also tried to estimate the impact of retaliatory tariffs on almond exports imposed by the major importing countries. Our results showed that U.S. almond and pistachio prices, real exchange rates, and gross domestic products of importing countries were significant factors that affected U.S. almond exports. The results showed that the imposed retaliatory tariffs had no negative effect on U.S. almond exports. This could have been because the study ended in 2019 and did not involve enough data to fully evaluate the impact of the retaliatory trade tariffs policy. U.S. almond exports have market concentration and strong market power in international markets. The efforts toward more sustainable production of almonds to solidify an already established market share in the world almond markets and against substitutes, such as pistachios, seem to be a sound strategy and focus of the U.S. almond agribusinesses and exporters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agricultural Development Economics and Policy)
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19 pages, 1378 KiB  
Article
Influencing Factors and Path Analysis of Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization: Econometric Evidence from Hubei, China
by Zhi Li, Ming Zhu, Huang Huang, Yu Yi and Jingyi Fu
Sustainability 2022, 14(8), 4518; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084518 - 11 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2451
Abstract
The importance of supporting agricultural mechanization in agri-food supply chains to achieve agricultural and rural development has been comprehensively recognized. There has been a surge in the attention given to Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization (SAM) in the context of developing countries. However, it is [...] Read more.
The importance of supporting agricultural mechanization in agri-food supply chains to achieve agricultural and rural development has been comprehensively recognized. There has been a surge in the attention given to Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization (SAM) in the context of developing countries. However, it is important to address the major challenge of studying the important factors and the influencing path of SAM. As a representative province of China’s agricultural development, Hubei has developed significantly in terms of agricultural mechanization in the past 20 years. Therefore, using a literature review, representative field survey data, and statistical analytical approaches, 28 relevant factors related to SAM were extracted, and the main influencing factors of SAM were determined by building an integrative conceptual framework and using the corresponding structural equation model based on partial least squares (PLS-SEM). The relationships and influencing paths between the factors were analyzed, and a confirmatory measurement model and a structural model of the effects on sustainable agricultural mechanization were constructed. The results show that (1) the PLS-SEM model fits the experimental data well and can effectively reflect the relationships among factors in this complex system; (2) within the factors influencing the development level of SAM in Hubei, China, the economic factors have the greatest weight, whereas government policy factors are the core elements promoting development, and environmental factors are the most noteworthy outcome factors; and (3) economic and policy factors play a very obvious role in promoting SAM through the influencing paths of agricultural production and agricultural machinery production and sales. Ultimately, corresponding suggestions have been put forward for decisions regarding the implementation of SAM for similar countries and regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agricultural Development Economics and Policy)
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18 pages, 304 KiB  
Article
Rural Transformation and Labor Market Outcomes among Rural Youths in Nigeria
by Adedoyin Mistura Rufai, Adebayo Isaiah Ogunniyi, Kabir Kayode Salman, Mutiat Bukola Salawu and Abiodun Olusola Omotayo
Sustainability 2021, 13(24), 13794; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413794 - 14 Dec 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2394
Abstract
In Nigeria, unemployment in rural areas translates to economic problems, such as high levels of rural–urban migration. Interventions aimed at promoting rural transformation and development are designed to generate employment by promoting the growth of sectors such as manufacturing and services in rural [...] Read more.
In Nigeria, unemployment in rural areas translates to economic problems, such as high levels of rural–urban migration. Interventions aimed at promoting rural transformation and development are designed to generate employment by promoting the growth of sectors such as manufacturing and services in rural areas. In this study, the General Household Survey (GHS) panel data for the post-planting and post-harvest periods of the 2011/2012 and 2015/2016 cropping seasons for Nigeria was used to investigate developments in rural areas in Nigeria between 2011 and 2015, and identified how these developments influenced labor market outcomes among rural youths. Fixed effect models were employed to control for unobserved heterogeneity that may exist because of the different years in the data used. Key levers of sustainable social and economic development, such as access to finance, health services, markets, and infrastructure such as electricity, were considered. The empirical results from the study revealed that being educated as well as having access to infrastructure and information had positive effects on the number of youths that took up wage/salary employment in the rural areas. The study concluded that the diversification of youths into other sectors would have higher growth effects on the development of rural areas, as they can invest more in agriculture, while also reducing the level of dependence on the sector. The study recommends an increase in budgetary allocations for education and rural development projects, with a special focus on electricity and financial institutions, while increasing access to information on available job opportunities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agricultural Development Economics and Policy)
28 pages, 4836 KiB  
Article
Agricultural Support Policies and China’s Cyclical Evolutionary Path of Agricultural Economic Growth
by Xiangdong Guo, Pei Lung, Jianli Sui, Ruiping Zhang and Chao Wang
Sustainability 2021, 13(11), 6134; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116134 - 29 May 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3488
Abstract
Due to the weak nature of agricultural production, governments usually adopt supportive policies to protect food security. To discern the growth of agriculture from 2001 to 2018 under China’s agricultural support policies, we use the nonlinear MS(M)-AR(p) model to distinguish China’s agricultural economic [...] Read more.
Due to the weak nature of agricultural production, governments usually adopt supportive policies to protect food security. To discern the growth of agriculture from 2001 to 2018 under China’s agricultural support policies, we use the nonlinear MS(M)-AR(p) model to distinguish China’s agricultural economic cycle into three growth regimes—rapid, medium, and low—and analyze the probability of shifts and maintenance among the different regimes. We further calculated the average duration of each regime. Moreover, we calculated the growth regime transfers for specific times. In this study, we find that China’s agricultural economy has maintained a relatively consistent growth trend with the support of China’s proactive agricultural policies. However, China’s agricultural economy tends to maintain a low-growth status in the long-term. Finally, we make policy recommendations for agricultural development based on our findings that continue existing agricultural policies and strengthen support for agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agricultural Development Economics and Policy)
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18 pages, 699 KiB  
Article
Determinants of Household Income and Willingness to Pay for Indigenous Plants in North West Province, South Africa: A Two-Stage Heckman Approach
by Abiodun Olusola Omotayo, Peter Tshepiso Ndhlovu, Seleke Christopher Tshwene, Kehinde Oluseyi Olagunju and Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu
Sustainability 2021, 13(10), 5458; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105458 - 13 May 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3424
Abstract
Using a cross-sectional dataset, this study examines the factors influencing the income and willingness to pay for indigenous plants by rural households in the North West Province of South Africa. The method of data analysis was based on a two-stage Heckman model. Based [...] Read more.
Using a cross-sectional dataset, this study examines the factors influencing the income and willingness to pay for indigenous plants by rural households in the North West Province of South Africa. The method of data analysis was based on a two-stage Heckman model. Based on empirical data, the majority (93%) of the households are willing to pay for the indigenous plants. Furthermore, factors such as the age of the household’s head, marital status, size of households, financial returns and economic benefit of indigenous plants significantly influenced income and willingness to pay for indigenous plants by the households. Thus, indigenous plants have the potential to penetrate local and international markets and can be used to improve the economies, livelihood, and food security status of rural households in South Africa. Indigenous plant cultivation can increase agro-food system species diversity while conserving plant species indigenous to this area of South Africa. Encouraging both consumption and production of indigenous plants can also help diversify local economies and communities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agricultural Development Economics and Policy)
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Review

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19 pages, 3829 KiB  
Review
Agricultural Support and Public Policies Improving Sustainability in Brazil’s Beef Industry
by Luana Molossi, Aaron Kinyu Hoshide, Daniel Carneiro de Abreu and Ronaldo Alves de Oliveira
Sustainability 2023, 15(6), 4801; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064801 - 08 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2303
Abstract
Since the dawn of Brazilian trade, extensive cattle farming has predominated. Brazil’s extensive pasture-based system uses pasture plants adapted to climate and soil conditions with limited use of purchased inputs. However, new technologies such as integrated crop and livestock systems have recently been [...] Read more.
Since the dawn of Brazilian trade, extensive cattle farming has predominated. Brazil’s extensive pasture-based system uses pasture plants adapted to climate and soil conditions with limited use of purchased inputs. However, new technologies such as integrated crop and livestock systems have recently been adopted, with government support and public policies that are intended to encourage increased agricultural production in Brazil. Domestic and international stakeholders have prioritized sustainable agricultural development in Brazil’s beef sector to reduce deforestation and other natural-habitat conversions. This review provides an overview of beef production in Brazil, focusing particularly on (1) historical factors that have encouraged an extensive, low-intensity style of production and (2) how national public policies supporting agriculture have improved sustainability in Brazil’s beef industry. Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, specific public policies for rural areas began to implement changes that addressed environmental concerns. Programs aimed at protecting secondary forests and increasing their areas are needed to offset the 42% of Brazil’s greenhouse gas emissions that come from land-use change. To produce more beef with less environmental impact, cattle ranchers need to use their land more productively. Thus, public policy initiatives need to combat deforestation and preserve the environment and local communities, while sustainably intensifying Brazil’s beef production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agricultural Development Economics and Policy)
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21 pages, 1598 KiB  
Review
Sustaining Forest Plantations for the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
by Lydie-Stella Koutika, Rosalie Matondo, André Mabiala-Ngoma, Viviane Sogni Tchichelle, Mélanie Toto, Jean-Claude Madzoumbou, Juste Armand Akana, Hugues Y. Gomat, François Mankessi, Armel Thongo Mbou, Tiburce Matsoumbou, Alpiche Diamesso, Aubin Rachel Saya and Jean de Dieu Nzila
Sustainability 2022, 14(21), 14624; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142114624 - 07 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2641
Abstract
Located in the hearth of Africa, the Congo basin is the world’s second largest rainforest ecosystem, spanning over nine countries including the Republic of the Congo. Nature-based solutions, i.e., afforestation, reforestation or agroforestry supplying wood energy, halting food insecurity, restoring land desertification and [...] Read more.
Located in the hearth of Africa, the Congo basin is the world’s second largest rainforest ecosystem, spanning over nine countries including the Republic of the Congo. Nature-based solutions, i.e., afforestation, reforestation or agroforestry supplying wood energy, halting food insecurity, restoring land desertification and fostering mitigation and adaptation to climate warming, have been increasingly used in the past decades. Within this framework, Congolese coastal plains have been afforested using fast growing trees since the early 1950s. Due to the low forest productivity and soil fertility, sustainable management of these forest ecosystems (trees, soils and environment) have been performed. Improved germplasms, increased stand wood biomass and healthier soils have the potential to enhance wood and fuel wood energy supply, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, food security, restoration of land and ecosystem biodiversity. This meets ten out of the seventeen sustainable development goals (SDG #), specifically goals related to alleviating poverty (1) and hunger (2), improving health (3), education (4), sanitation and access to clean water (6). Other goals include providing affordable clean energy (7), sustainable production and consumption (12), action on climate change (13), life on land (15), and partnerships for goals (17). Nature-based solutions help to face important societal challenges meeting more than half of SDGs of the United Nations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agricultural Development Economics and Policy)
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18 pages, 4659 KiB  
Review
Commercialization Potential of Six Selected Medicinal Plants Commonly Used for Childhood Diseases in South Africa: A Review
by Peter Tshepiso Ndhlovu, Abiodun Olusola Omotayo, Wilfred Otang-Mbeng and Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu
Sustainability 2022, 14(1), 177; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010177 - 24 Dec 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3793
Abstract
Globally, the potential of medicinal plants is increasingly being recognized due to their relative availability, particularly in rural areas. This review explored the ethnobotanical and economic values of six selected medicinal plants widely used to treat and manage childhood diseases in South Africa. [...] Read more.
Globally, the potential of medicinal plants is increasingly being recognized due to their relative availability, particularly in rural areas. This review explored the ethnobotanical and economic values of six selected medicinal plants widely used to treat and manage childhood diseases in South Africa. Acalypha glabrata, Aloe maculata, Datura stramonium, Gomphocarpus fruticosus, Rhoicissus tridentata and Vachellia karroo were selected based on their high relative frequency of citations for treating a wide range of diseases. Information was obtained from various scientific databases and ethnobotanical books. In addition to being popular for treating childhood diseases, the selected medicinal plants possess diverse applications in traditional medicine for other age groups, highlighting their general therapeutic values. This translates to extensive harvesting, trading and consumption of these plants in order to meet demands on local levels. Currently, empirical data on the economic value of the selected plants remain poorly reported. Even though South Africa has many laws to conserve and promote indigenous knowledge and medicinal plants, their commercialization remains low. Particularly the cultivation of the selected plants needs to be promoted under a participatory management action plan to stimulate the economy of the disadvantaged. A collaborative research framework for the inclusive transformation of indigenous medicinal plants is recommended to reveal their concealed beneficial properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agricultural Development Economics and Policy)
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