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Groundwater Recharge and Sustainable Use of Groundwater
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Groundwater Recharge and Sustainable Use of Groundwater

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Water Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2022) | Viewed by 5334

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Ferdinando Manna

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Morwick G360 Groundwater Research Institute, College of Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
Interests: groundwater recharge; unsaturated zone hydrology; environmental tracers, catchment hydrology
Prof. Dr. Vincenzo Allocca

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Earth, Environmental and Resources Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
Interests: groundwater recharge; karst hydrogeology; groundwater hydrology; urban hydrogeology; coastal hydrogeology
Prof. Dr. Pantaleone De Vita

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
Interests: hydrogeology; groundwater recharge; soil hydrology; slope hydrology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Groundwater recharge represents the replenishment of the saturated zone of aquifers and it is one of the most important hydrological parameters to manage and protect water resources from over-exploitation and to estimate fluxes of fluids, solutes, and contaminants from the surface to groundwater. Groundwater recharge, along with evapotranspiration, represents the connection between the atmosphere and the groundwater system and relates the climate, vegetation, land use, and subsurface characteristics for a given area.  Moreover, at the catchment and pluriannual scale, under steady conditions, recharge rates equal the discharge rates, providing information about the ability of an aquifer to store and release groundwater and, thus, its availability.

Despite its importance, groundwater recharge has been generally considered a secondary scientific topic, seldom addressed in a prospective of priority in the hydrogeological issues, having been too often simply used as an adjustment parameter for groundwater models calibration. This is because groundwater recharge quantification is difficult as it cannot be directly measured, but only indirectly estimated using a variety of methods, formulas, parameters, and approaches, at different spatial and temporal scales, that themselves carry substantial uncertainties.

Nevertheless, in recent years, given the global changes to the climate causing modifications to the atmospheric inputs, as well as the integration of hydrogeology with other scientific fields such as soil hydrology and atmospheric modeling, the development of conceptual models of recharge describing where, when, and how recharge occurs, represent a pressing scientific challenge.

In this Special Issue, we would like to collect the most recent research progresses on this topic,  including the use of innovative methods (tracers-, physical-, empirical-, and model-based), data (field data and remote sensing), and case studies from areas of the world with different climate, land use and type, and surface and subsurface characteristics. Moreover, we would like to broaden the horizon to also include studies that link recharge to the other water budget components, such as evapotranspiration and runoff, with a focus on groundwater resource quantification and its sustainable use.

Prof. Dr. Ferdinando Manna
Prof. Dr. Vincenzo Allocca
Prof. Dr. Pantaleone De Vita
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • groundwater recharge
  • aquifer recharge
  • unsaturated zone hydrology
  • catchment hydrology
  • environmental tracers
  • remote sensing
  • GIS

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 10265 KiB  
Article
Combination of Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms and Machine Learning Methods for Groundwater Potential Mapping
by Saad AlAyyash, A’kif Al-Fugara, Rania Shatnawi, Abdel Rahman Al-Shabeeb, Rida Al-Adamat and Hani Al-Amoush
Sustainability 2023, 15(3), 2499; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032499 - 30 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1129
Abstract
The groundwater contained in aquifers is among the most important water supply resources, especially in semi-arid and arid regions worldwide. This study aims to evaluate and compare the prediction capability of two well–known models, support vector machine (SVM) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system [...] Read more.
The groundwater contained in aquifers is among the most important water supply resources, especially in semi-arid and arid regions worldwide. This study aims to evaluate and compare the prediction capability of two well–known models, support vector machine (SVM) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), combined with a genetic algorithm (GA), invasive weed optimization (IWO), and teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithms in groundwater potential mapping (GPM) the Azraq Basin in Jordan. The hybridization of the SVM and ANFIS models with the GA, IWO, and TLBO algorithms results in six models: SVM–GA, SVM–IWO, SVM–TLBO, ANFIS–GA, ANFIS–IWO, and ANFIS–TLBO. A database consisting of well data containing 464 wells with 12 predictive factors was developed for the groundwater potential mapping (GPM) of the study area. Of the 464 well locations, 70% (325 locations) were assigned for the training set and the rest (139 locations) for the validation set. The correlation between the 12 predictive factors and the well locations is analyzed using the frequency ratio (FR) statistical model. An area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was used to evaluate and compare the models. According to the results, the SVM-based hybrid models outperformed other ANFIS hybrid models in the learning (training) and validation phases. The SVM–GA and SVM–TLBO hybrid models showed AUROC values of 0.984 and 0.971, respectively, in the training and validation phases. Moreover, the ANFIS–GA and ANFIS–TLBO hybrid models showed an AUROC of 0.979 and 0.984 in the training phase and an AUROC of 0.973 and 0.984 in the validation phase, respectively. The SVM–IWO and ANFIS–IWO hybrid models showed the lowest AUROC. This study demonstrated the more efficient results of the SVM-based hybrid models in comparison with the ANFIS-based hybrid models in terms of accuracy and modeling speed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Groundwater Recharge and Sustainable Use of Groundwater)
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22 pages, 14075 KiB  
Article
Quantification of Soil Deep Drainage and Aquifer Recharge Dynamics according to Land Use and Land Cover in the Basement Zone of Burkina Faso in West Africa
by Moussa Bruno Kafando, Mahamadou Koïta, Cheick Oumar Zouré, Roland Yonaba and Dial Niang
Sustainability 2022, 14(22), 14687; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142214687 - 08 Nov 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1417
Abstract
Groundwater is a vital water supply for local populations and ecosystems globally. With the continuous population growth, the anthropic pressure on groundwater is ever increasing, thus reducing the amount of available water resource. Yet, estimating the impact of anthropogenic activities on aquifer recharge [...] Read more.
Groundwater is a vital water supply for local populations and ecosystems globally. With the continuous population growth, the anthropic pressure on groundwater is ever increasing, thus reducing the amount of available water resource. Yet, estimating the impact of anthropogenic activities on aquifer recharge is still a significant challenge for research, especially in basement aquifers. This study aims to improve the actual knowledge of deep drainage and deep aquifer recharge pathways and dynamics in the basement as affected by land use/land cover (LULC). The methodology used in this study accounted for hydraulic processes in soil layers within both unsaturated and saturated zones in an integrated approach. An experimental setup consisting of three (3) experimental plots, respectively under natural vegetation (NV), cropped millet (CM) and cropped groundnut (CG) on which deep drainage was monitored during the years 2020 and 2021. The results show significant differences between the LULC types after two years of implementation. Deep drainage is improved under CM and CG plots located in the central valley, as compared to the NV plot located in the ridge zone. Deep drainage is estimated at 8%, 24% and 25% of the annual rainfall, respectively for NV, CM and CG. The ratio between the recharge value obtained by the water table fluctuation (WTF) method and the deep drainage tends to 1 for the CM and CG plots, highlighting a rapid water transfer between unsaturated and saturated zones. The central valley, which seems to be a preferential recharge pathway, provides promising insights under specific conditions for the implementation of artificial recharge infrastructures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Groundwater Recharge and Sustainable Use of Groundwater)
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Review

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15 pages, 7313 KiB  
Review
Pathways and Estimate of Aquifer Recharge in a Flood Basalt Terrain; A Review from the South Fork Palouse River Basin (Columbia River Plateau, USA)
by Giacomo Medici and Jeff B. Langman
Sustainability 2022, 14(18), 11349; https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811349 - 09 Sep 2022
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 1883
Abstract
Aquifer recharge is one of the most important hydrologic parameters for understanding available groundwater volumes and making sustainable the use of natural water by minimizing groundwater mining. In this framework, we reviewed and evaluated the efficacy of multiple methods to determine recharge in [...] Read more.
Aquifer recharge is one of the most important hydrologic parameters for understanding available groundwater volumes and making sustainable the use of natural water by minimizing groundwater mining. In this framework, we reviewed and evaluated the efficacy of multiple methods to determine recharge in a flood basalt terrain that is restrictive to infiltration and percolation. In the South Fork of the Columbia River Plateau, recent research involving hydrologic tracers and groundwater modeling has revealed a snowmelt-dominated system. Here, recharge is occurring along the intersection of mountain-front alluvial systems and the extensive Miocene flood basalt layers that form a fractured basalt and interbedded sediment aquifer system. The most recent groundwater flow model of the basin was based on a large physio-chemical dataset acquired in laterally and vertically distinctive locations that refined the understanding of the intersection of the margin alluvium and the spatially variable basalt flows that filled the basin. Modelled effective recharge of 25 and 105 mm/year appears appropriate for the basin’s plain and the mountain front, respectively. These values refine previous efforts on quantifying aquifer recharge based on Darcy’s law, one-dimensional infiltration, zero-flux plane, chloride, storage, and mass-balance methods. Overall, the combination of isotopic hydrochemical data acquired in three dimensions and flow modelling efforts were needed to simultaneously determine groundwater dynamics, recharge pathways, and appropriate model parameter values in a primarily basalt terrain. This holistic approach to understanding recharge has assisted in conceptualizing the aquifer for resource managers that have struggled to understand aquifer dynamics and sustainable withdrawals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Groundwater Recharge and Sustainable Use of Groundwater)
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