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Photon Counting Image Sensors

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2021) | Viewed by 6434

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
Interests: photon counting and particle detectors; X-ray, UV, and optical detectors and instrumentation for astronomy and space science; astroparticle physics; detectors and electronics for picosecond timing; novel detector technologies and materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
AQUA Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
Interests: large-format SPAD image sensors; FLIM-FRET; time-resolved Raman spectroscopy; LiDAR; TOF-PET; cryo-CMOS; quantum computing; quantum imaging; SNSPDs
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
Interests: origins, acceleration mechanisms, and propagation of cosmic rays; search for gamma-ray signals from dark matter; development of semiconductor sensors and integrated circuits for gamma-ray instruments such as the Fermi satellite and Cherenkov Telescope Array

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Guest Editor
Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, UK
Interests: CCD and CMOS technologies, detectors for remote sensing

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Guest Editor
Centre for Advanced Instrumentation, University of Durham, UK
Interests: Optical/IR instrumentation, high-speed digital read-out and superconducting detectors, Kinetic Inductance Detectors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Photon counting image sensors are playing ever more crucial roles in a wide variety of research and commercial fields. The ultimate detection sensitivity provided by their ability to detect single quanta of electromagnetic energy over a broad spectrum from infrared up to high-energy gamma-rays, with timing precision into the picosecond regime, has potential applications in many fields. These cover a diverse range from medical imaging to particle physics, homeland security to astronomy, and from consumer applications to microscopy. In this Special Issue, we will highlight the latest developments in a series of invited papers covering all areas of photon-counting imaging technology.

Prof. Dr. Jon Lapington
Prof. Dr. Edoardo Charbon
Prof. Dr. Hiroyasu Tajima
Dr. David Walton
Dr. Kieran O'Brien
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 3689 KiB  
Article
Modeling and Analysis of Capacitive Relaxation Quenching in a Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) Applied to a CMOS Image Sensor
by Akito Inoue, Toru Okino, Shinzo Koyama and Yutaka Hirose
Sensors 2020, 20(10), 3007; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20103007 - 25 May 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 5661
Abstract
We present an analysis of carrier dynamics of the single-photon detection process, i.e., from Geiger mode pulse generation to its quenching, in a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD). The device is modeled by a parallel circuit of a SPAD and a capacitance representing both [...] Read more.
We present an analysis of carrier dynamics of the single-photon detection process, i.e., from Geiger mode pulse generation to its quenching, in a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD). The device is modeled by a parallel circuit of a SPAD and a capacitance representing both space charge accumulation inside the SPAD and parasitic components. The carrier dynamics inside the SPAD is described by time-dependent bipolar-coupled continuity equations (BCE). Numerical solutions of BCE show that the entire process completes within a few hundreds of picoseconds. More importantly, we find that the total amount of charges stored on the series capacitance gives rise to a voltage swing of the internal bias of SPAD twice of the excess bias voltage with respect to the breakdown voltage. This, in turn, gives a design methodology to control precisely generated charges and enables one to use SPADs as conventional photodiodes (PDs) in a four transistor pixel of a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor (CIS) with short exposure time and without carrier overflow. Such operation is demonstrated by experiments with a 6 µm size 400 × 400 pixels SPAD-based CIS designed with this methodology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photon Counting Image Sensors)
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