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Photoelectric Measurement and Sensing: New Technology and Applications—2nd Edition

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A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 May 2024 | Viewed by 3987

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Prof. Dr. Qibo Feng

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Guest Editor

Key Lab of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
Interests: optical measurement technology; photoelectric detection technology
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Dr. Jiakun Li

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Guest Editor

School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
Interests: photoelectric detection and photoelectric sensing; laser measurement; machine vision measurement; gas imaging detection
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Dr. Qixin He

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Guest Editor

School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
Interests: laser measurement; laser sensing; infrared gas detection
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Laser-based measurement and sensing technologies have attracted growing attention due to their advantages of high sensitivity and fast response. Their applications include industrial production, substance analysis, environmental monitoring, and so on. In recent years, with the development of laser source and measurement approaches, many new technologies or applications of laser measurement and sensing have appeared. This Special Issue aims to collect original research papers and reviews on recent developments of laser measurement technologies and innovative applications. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, laser measurement and sensing, micro- and nano-photoelectric measurement, simultaneous measurement of multiple parameters, structured light measurement, online digital measurement, computational measurement, embedded photoelectric measurement, and laser spectroscopy analysis.

Prof. Dr. Qibo Feng
Dr. Jiakun Li
Dr. Qixin He
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

laser measurement
laser sensing
laser spectroscopy measurement
image measurement
micro- and nano- photoelectric measurement
simultaneous measurement of multiple parameters
structured light measurement
online digital measurement
computational measurement
embedded photoelectric measurement

Related Special Issue

Photoelectric Measurement and Sensing: New Technology and Applications in Sensors (22 articles)

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 3903 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Autocollimator Axial Measurement Method Based on the Strapdown Inertial Navigation System

by Wenjia Ma, Jianrong Li, Shaojin Liu, Yan Han, Xu Liu, Zhiqian Wang and Changhong Jiang

Sensors 2024, 24(8), 2590; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24082590 - 18 Apr 2024

Viewed by 302

Abstract

Autocollimators are widely used optical axis-measuring tools, but their measurement errors increase significantly when measuring under non-leveled conditions and they have a limited measurement range due to the limitations of the measurement principle. To realize axis measurement under non-leveled conditions, this paper proposes an autocollimator axis measurement method based on the strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS). First, the measurement model of the system was established. This model applies the SINS to measure the change in attitude of the autocollimator. The autocollimator was then applied to measure the angular relationship between the measured axis and its own axis, based on which the angular relationship of the axis was measured via computation through signal processing and data fusion in a multi-sensor system. After analyzing the measurement errors of the system model, the Monte Carlo method was applied to carry out a simulation analysis. This showed that the majority of the measurement errors were within ±0.002° and the overall measurement accuracy was within ±0.006°. Tests using equipment with the same parameters as those used in the simulation analysis showed that the majority of the measurement errors were within ±0.004° and the overall error was within ±0.006°, which is consistent with the simulation results. This analysis proves that this method solves the problem of the autocollimator being unable to measure the axis under non-leveled conditions and meets the needs of axis measurement with the application of autocollimators under a moving base. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photoelectric Measurement and Sensing: New Technology and Applications—2nd Edition)

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17 pages, 4372 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Measurement Method for Contact Wire Wear Based on Stereovision

by Wei Zhou, Zhe Qin, Xinyu Du, Xiantang Xue, Haiying Wang and Hailang Li

Sensors 2024, 24(7), 2085; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072085 - 25 Mar 2024

Viewed by 397

Abstract

The contact wire wear is an important parameter to ensure the safety operation of electric railways. The contact wire may break if the wear is serious, which leads to transportation interruptions. This study proposes an optical measurement method of contact wire wear, using stereovision technology. The matching method of stereovision based on line-scan cameras is proposed. A lookup-table method is developed to exactly determine the image resolution caused by the contact wire being in different spatial positions. The wear width of the contact wire is extracted from catenaries’ images, and the residual thickness of the contact wire is calculated. The method was verified by field tests. The round-robin tests of the residual thickness at the same location present excellent measurement repetitiveness. The maximum difference value between dynamic test results and ground measurement results is 0.13 mm. This research represents a potential way to implement condition-based maintenance for contact wire wear in the future in order to improve the maintenance efficiency and ensure the safety of catenary infrastructure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photoelectric Measurement and Sensing: New Technology and Applications—2nd Edition)

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12 pages, 7211 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Near-Infrared Dual Greenhouse Gas Sensor Based on Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber for Gas-Cell In-Situ Applications

by Jianing Wang, Bingqiang Li, Weiping Wu and Guanyu Lin

Sensors 2024, 24(5), 1670; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051670 - 05 Mar 2024

Viewed by 572

Abstract

A greenhouse gas sensor has been developed to simultaneously detect multiple gas species within a hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber (HC-PBF) structure entirely composed of fibers. To enhance sensitivity, the gas cell consists of HC-PBF enclosed between two single-mode fibers fused with a reflective end surface to double the absorption length. The incorporation of side holes for gas diffusion allows for analysis of the relationship between gas diffusion speed, number of drilled side holes, and energy loss. As the number of drilled holes increases, the response time decreases to less than 3 min at the expense of energy loss. Gas experiments demonstrated detection limits of 0.1 ppm for methane and 2 ppm for carbon dioxide, with an average time of 50 s. In-situ testing conducted in rice fields validates the effectiveness of the developed gas detection system using HC-PBF cells, establishing all-fiber sensors with high sensitivity and rapid response. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photoelectric Measurement and Sensing: New Technology and Applications—2nd Edition)

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15 pages, 5256 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modelling and Thermographic Measurements of LED Optical Power

by Maria Strąkowska, Sebastian Urbaś, Mariusz Felczak, Błażej Torzyk, Iyad S. M. Shatarah, Rafał Kasikowski, Przemysław Tabaka and Bogusław Więcek

Sensors 2024, 24(5), 1471; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051471 - 24 Feb 2024

Viewed by 468

Abstract

This paper presents a simple engineering method for evaluating the optical power emitted by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using infrared thermography. The method is based on the simultaneous measurement of the electrical power and temperature of an LED and a heat source (resistor) that are enclosed in the same plastic packaging under the same cooling conditions. This ensures the calculation of the optical power emitted by the LED regardless of the value of the heat transfer coefficient. The obtained result was confirmed by comparing it with the standard direct measurement method using an integrated sphere. The values of the estimated optical power using the proposed method and the integrated sphere equipped with a spectrometer were consistent with each other. The tested LED exhibited a high optical energy efficiency, reaching approximately η ≈ 30%. In addition, an uncertainty analysis of the obtained results was performed. Compact modelling based on a thermal resistor network (R_th) and a 3D-FEM analysis were performed to confirm the experimental results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photoelectric Measurement and Sensing: New Technology and Applications—2nd Edition)

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16 pages, 11285 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Combined Method for Measuring the Three-Dimensional Rotational Angle of a Spherical Joint

by Qianyun Yang, Kai Ouyang, Long Yang, Rao Fu and Penghao Hu

Sensors 2024, 24(1), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010090 - 23 Dec 2023

Viewed by 651

Abstract

To improve the measurement accuracy of the three-dimensional rotation angle of a spherical joint, a novel approach is proposed in this study, which combines magnetic detection by a Hall sensor and surface feature identification by an eddy current sensor. Firstly, a permanent magnet is embedded in the ball head of a spherical joint, and Hall sensors are set and distributed in the ball socket to measure the variation in the magnetic flux density when the spherical joint rotates, which are related to the 3D rotation angle. In order to further improve the measurement accuracy and robustness, we also set grooves on the ball head and use eddy current sensors to synchronously identify the rotation angle of the ball head. After the combination of two signals is performed, a measurement model is established using the RBF neural network by training, and the real-time measurement of the 3D rotation angle of the spherical joint is realized. The feasibility and superiority of this method are validated through experiments. The experimental results indicate that the measurement accuracy is substantially promoted compared to the preliminary measurement scheme based on spherical coding; the average measurement error of the single axis is reduced by 9′9″. The root mean square errors for the measurements of the 3D rotation angles in this proposed method are as follows: pitch angle α has an error of 1′8″, yaw angle β has an error of 2′15″, and roll angle γ has an error of 29′6″. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photoelectric Measurement and Sensing: New Technology and Applications—2nd Edition)

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13 pages, 4376 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Maximum Acceptable Tilt Angle for Point Autofocus Microscopy

by Huixu Song, Qingwei Li and Zhaoyao Shi

Sensors 2023, 23(24), 9655; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23249655 - 06 Dec 2023

Viewed by 740

Abstract

The complete and accurate acquisition of geometric information forms the bedrock of maintaining high-end instrument performance and monitoring product quality. It is also a prerequisite for achieving the ‘precision’ and ‘intelligence’ that the manufacturing industry aspires to achieve. Industrial microscopes, known for their high accuracy and resolution, have become invaluable tools in the precision measurement of small components. However, these industrial microscopes often struggle to demonstrate their advantages when dealing with complex shapes or large tilt angles. This paper introduces a ray-tracing model for point autofocus microscopy, and it provides the quantified relationship formula between the maximum acceptable tilt angle and the beam offset accepted in point autofocus microscopy, then analyzing the maximum acceptable tilt angle of the objects being measured. This novel approach uses the geometric features of a high-precision reference sphere to simulate the tilt angle and displacement of the surface under investigation. The research findings show that the maximum acceptable tilt angles of a point autofocus microscope vary across different measured directions. Additionally, the extent to which the maximum acceptable tilt angles are affected by the distances of the beam offset also varies. Finally, the difference between the experiment results and the theoretical results is less than 0.5°. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photoelectric Measurement and Sensing: New Technology and Applications—2nd Edition)

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Review

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24 pages, 9430 KiB

Open AccessReview

Advances in Aeroengine Cooling Hole Measurement: A Comprehensive Review

by Shuyan Yan, Junkai Shi, Guannan Li, Can Hao, Ying Wang, Hao Yu and Weihu Zhou

Sensors 2024, 24(7), 2152; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072152 - 27 Mar 2024

Viewed by 369

Abstract

Film cooling technology is of great significance to enhance the performance of aero-engines and extend service life. With the increasing requirements for film cooling efficiency, researchers and engineers have carried out a lot of work on the precision and digital measurement of cooling holes. Based on the above, this paper outlines the importance and principles of film cooling technology and reviews the evolution of cooling holes. Also, this paper details the traditional measurement methods of the cooling hole used in current engineering scenarios with their limitations and categorizes digital measurement methods into five main types, including probing measurement technology, optical measurement technology, infrared imaging technology, computer tomography (CT) scanning technology, and composite measurement technology. The five types of methods and integrated automated measurement platforms are also analyzed. Finally, through a generalize and analysis of cooling hole measurement methods, this paper points out technical challenges and future trends, providing a reference and guidance for forward researches. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photoelectric Measurement and Sensing: New Technology and Applications—2nd Edition)

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