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Repeated or Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Sensors, Devices and Applications
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Repeated or Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Sensors, Devices and Applications

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2019) | Viewed by 16925

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Andrea Tura

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Metabolic Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
Interests: analysis of sequences of data with special interest to Continuous Glucose Monitoring data (CGM) for the estimation of glycemic control and glycemic variability; glucose monitoring through non-invasive techniques, with special focus on electro-impedance spectroscopy approach; monitoring of glucose and sodium concentration during dialysis, through electro-impedance spectroscopy coupled with ion-exchange resins; mathematical models and methods for quantitative physiology and quantitative clinical tests, particularly in the field of chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and related cardiovascular diseases; special interest is on models of pancreatic beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity; telemedicine for home monitoring of subjects requiring continuous, non-ending health care, based on the use of portable and wearable medical instruments

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, glucose monitoring has been revolutionized by the development of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensors, and wearable non/minimally-invasive devices that measure glucose concentration by exploiting different physical principles, e.g., glucose-oxidase, fluorescence, or skin dielectric properties, and provide real-time measurements every 1 to 5 min. Continuous glucose monitoring presented new challenges in different disciplines, e.g., medicine, physics, electronics, chemistry, ergonomics, data/signal processing, and software development. It has been an important component in improving outcomes in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, but also with gestational diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Advances have also been recently achieved in the technology of traditional glucose meters for self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), which, compared to the CGM device, has the advantage of measuring glucose directly in blood.

In this Special Issue, we seek unique research and development efforts, exploring technologies for glucose sensors and their applications, especially for people with metabolic diseases. Other fields of application of glucose sensors are also considered. In more detail, particular topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Glucose sensors and meters for self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG);
  • Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensors and meters;
  • Flash glucose monitoring (FGM) sensors;
  • Non-invasive glucose monitoring sensors;
  • Implantable glucose sensors;
  • Flexible glucose sensors;
  • Smart fabric/electronic textile glucose sensors;
  • Tools and methodologies for analysis of data from glucose sensors;
  • Glucose sensors in food science;
  • Glucose sensors for veterinary use.

Dr. Andrea Tura
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1591 KiB  
Article
Retrospective Continuous-Time Blood Glucose Estimation in Free Living Conditions with a Non-Invasive Multisensor Device
by Giada Acciaroli, Mattia Zanon, Andrea Facchinetti, Andreas Caduff and Giovanni Sparacino
Sensors 2019, 19(17), 3677; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19173677 - 24 Aug 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3240
Abstract
Even if still at an early stage of development, non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring (NI-CGM) sensors represent a promising technology for optimizing diabetes therapy. Recent studies showed that the Multisensor provides useful information about glucose dynamics with a mean absolute relative difference (MARD) of [...] Read more.
Even if still at an early stage of development, non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring (NI-CGM) sensors represent a promising technology for optimizing diabetes therapy. Recent studies showed that the Multisensor provides useful information about glucose dynamics with a mean absolute relative difference (MARD) of 35.4% in a fully prospective setting. Here we propose a method that, exploiting the same Multisensor measurements, but in a retrospective setting, achieves a much better accuracy. Data acquired by the Multisensor during a long-term study are retrospectively processed following a two-step procedure. First, the raw data are transformed to a blood glucose (BG) estimate by a multiple linear regression model. Then, an enhancing module is applied in cascade to the regression model to improve the accuracy of the glucose estimation by retrofitting available BG references through a time-varying linear model. MARD between the retrospectively reconstructed BG time-series and reference values is 20%. Here, 94% of values fall in zone A or B of the Clarke Error Grid. The proposed algorithm achieved a level of accuracy that could make this device a potential complementary tool for diabetes management and also for guiding prediabetic or nondiabetic users through life-style changes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Repeated or Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Sensors, Devices and Applications)
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11 pages, 3140 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Ni-Co Hydroxide Nanosheets Constructed Hollow Cubes for Electrochemical Glucose Determination
by Fengchao Sun, Shutao Wang, Yuqi Wang, Jingtong Zhang, Xinping Yu, Yan Zhou and Jun Zhang
Sensors 2019, 19(13), 2938; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19132938 - 03 Jul 2019
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 3755
Abstract
Hierarchical Ni-Co double transition metal hydroxide nanosheets have been explored as an effective strategy for the design of nonenzymatic glucose sensors. Ni-Co hydroxide nanosheets constructed hollow cubes were successfully synthesized by using Cu2O cubes as templates and subsequently etched by Na [...] Read more.
Hierarchical Ni-Co double transition metal hydroxide nanosheets have been explored as an effective strategy for the design of nonenzymatic glucose sensors. Ni-Co hydroxide nanosheets constructed hollow cubes were successfully synthesized by using Cu2O cubes as templates and subsequently etched by Na2S2O3 to achieve a hollow cubic structure. The molar ratio between Ni and Co was tuned by varying the precursor ratio of NiCl2 and CoCl2. It was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) that the increasing Ni precursor resulted in particle morphology, and the increasing ratio of the Co precursor resulted in more lamellar morphology. The sample with the composition of Ni0.7Co0.3(OH)2 displayed the best performance for glucose sensing with high selectivity (1541 μA mM–1 cm–2), low detection limit (3.42 µM with S/N = 3), and reasonable selectivity. Similar strategies could be applied for the design of other electrode materials with high efficiency for nonenzymatic glucose determination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Repeated or Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Sensors, Devices and Applications)
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12 pages, 3275 KiB  
Article
In Situ Oxidation of Cu2O Crystal for Electrochemical Detection of Glucose
by Chenlin Lu, Zhipeng Li, Liwei Ren, Nan Su, Diannan Lu and Zheng Liu
Sensors 2019, 19(13), 2926; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19132926 - 02 Jul 2019
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 5036
Abstract
The development of a sensitive, quick-responding, and robust glucose sensor is consistently pursued for use in numerous applications. Here, we propose a new method for preparing a Cu2O electrode for the electrochemical detection of glucose concentration. The Cu2O glucose [...] Read more.
The development of a sensitive, quick-responding, and robust glucose sensor is consistently pursued for use in numerous applications. Here, we propose a new method for preparing a Cu2O electrode for the electrochemical detection of glucose concentration. The Cu2O glucose electrode was prepared by in situ electrical oxidation in an alkaline solution, in which Cu2O nanoparticles were deposited on the electrode surface to form a thin film, followed by the growth of Cu(OH)2 nanorods or nanotubes. The morphology and electrocatalytic activity of a Cu2O glucose electrode can be tuned by the current density, reaction time, and NaOH concentration. The results from XRD, SEM, and a Raman spectrum show that the electrode surface was coated with cubic Cu2O nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 50 to 150 nm. The electrode exhibited a detection limit of 0.0275 mM, a peak sensitivity of 2524.9 μA·cm−2·mM−1, and a linear response range from 0.1 to 1 mM. The presence of high concentrations of ascorbic acid, uric acid, dopamine and lactose appeared to have no effects on the detection of glucose, indicating a high specificity and robustness of this electrode. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Repeated or Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Sensors, Devices and Applications)
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14 pages, 1734 KiB  
Article
Low-Temperature Storage Improves the Over-Time Stability of Implantable Glucose and Lactate Biosensors
by Giulia Puggioni, Giammario Calia, Paola Arrigo, Andrea Bacciu, Gianfranco Bazzu, Rossana Migheli, Silvia Fancello, Pier Andrea Serra and Gaia Rocchitta
Sensors 2019, 19(2), 422; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19020422 - 21 Jan 2019
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4381
Abstract
Molecular biomarkers are very important in biology, biotechnology and even in medicine, but it is quite hard to convert biology-related signals into measurable data. For this purpose, amperometric biosensors have proven to be particularly suitable because of their specificity and sensitivity. The operation [...] Read more.
Molecular biomarkers are very important in biology, biotechnology and even in medicine, but it is quite hard to convert biology-related signals into measurable data. For this purpose, amperometric biosensors have proven to be particularly suitable because of their specificity and sensitivity. The operation and shelf stability of the biosensor are quite important features, and storage procedures therefore play an important role in preserving the performance of the biosensors. In the present study two different designs for both glucose and lactate biosensor, differing only in regards to the containment net, represented by polyurethane or glutharaldehyde, were studied under different storage conditions (+4, −20 and −80 °C) and monitored over a period of 120 days, in order to evaluate the variations of kinetic parameters, as VMAX and KM, and LRS as the analytical parameter. Surprisingly, the storage at −80 °C yielded the best results because of an unexpected and, most of all, long-lasting increase of VMAX and LRS, denoting an interesting improvement in enzyme performances and stability over time. The present study aimed to also evaluate the impact of a short-period storage in dry ice on biosensor performances, in order to simulate a hypothetical preparation-conservation-shipment condition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Repeated or Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Sensors, Devices and Applications)
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