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Tomographic and Multi-Dimensional Sensors

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2024 | Viewed by 1344

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Engineering Tomography Laboratory (ETL), Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
Interests: electrical and electromagnetic tomography; X-ray CT; ultrasound tomography; multi-modality tomography, inverse problems and machine learning with applications in industrial tomography; robotic touch sensing and medical imaging
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
Interests: multi-dimensional and distributed sensing technologies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sensors typically provide key control information of critical parameters in manufacturing processes to meet environmental goals of maximum energy efficiency and minimised emissions, coupled with commercial goals of product quality and process plant utilisation. Many processes operate on bulk raw materials which are combined, perhaps over several stages, into the required intermediate or final form. To attain these general goals, it is often important to monitor a whole process space. In some processes, a single-point sensor may be located at a location assumed to represent a whole space, but variations in materials and process operations may invalidate this assumption. Current powerful process control systems have the potential to optimise process operations, but only when supplied with the most complete state data. Multi-dimensional sensors offer this major capability. The Special Issue presents papers which progress this key aim in novel proposals for appropriate multidimensional sensing configurations, typically in terms of spatial and material property values. Such sensor configurations will include data representations to suit on-line process control requirements. They may offer novel configurations of individual or hybrid sensing elements. A combination may offer a rolling time series for a specific spatial distribution, or an integrated view of a preferred composite representative parameter. SE papers should focus on novel sensor arrangement and methodology proposals, rather than whole application proposals, although they may include a wide range of specific materials, condition sensing (pressure, temperature, etc.), and states (gas, liquid, and solids).

Prof. Dr. Manuch Soleimani
Prof. Dr. Brian Hoyle
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • tomographic sensors
  • multi-dimensional sensing
  • process-sensing

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 6134 KiB  
Article
Modular and Cost-Effective Computed Tomography Design
by André Bieberle, Rainer Hoffmann, Alexander Döß, Eckhard Schleicher and Uwe Hampel
Sensors 2024, 24(8), 2568; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24082568 - 17 Apr 2024
Viewed by 361
Abstract
We present a modular and cost-effective gamma ray computed tomography system for multiphase flow investigations in industrial apparatuses. It mainly comprises a 137Cs isotopic source and an in-house-assembled detector arc, with a total of 16 scintillation detectors, offering a quantum efficiency of [...] Read more.
We present a modular and cost-effective gamma ray computed tomography system for multiphase flow investigations in industrial apparatuses. It mainly comprises a 137Cs isotopic source and an in-house-assembled detector arc, with a total of 16 scintillation detectors, offering a quantum efficiency of approximately 75% and an active area of 10 × 10 mm2 each. The detectors are operated in pulse mode to exclude scattered gamma photons from counting by using a dual-energy discrimination stage. Flexible application of the computed tomography system, i.e., for various object sizes and densities, is provided by an elaborated detector arc design, in combination with a scanning procedure that allows for simultaneous parallel beam projection acquisition. This allows the scan time to be scaled down with the number of individual detectors. Eventually, the developed scanner successfully upgrades the existing tomography setup in the industry. Here, single pencil beam gamma ray computed tomography is already used to study hydraulics in gas–liquid contactors, with inner diameters of up to 440 mm. We demonstrate the functionality of the new system for radiographic and computed tomographic scans of DN110 and DN440 columns that are operated at varying iso-hexane/nitrogen liquid–gas flow rates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tomographic and Multi-Dimensional Sensors)
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29 pages, 12815 KiB  
Article
Robust Reconstruction of the Void Fraction from Noisy Magnetic Flux Density Using Invertible Neural Networks
by Nishant Kumar, Lukas Krause, Thomas Wondrak, Sven Eckert, Kerstin Eckert and Stefan Gumhold
Sensors 2024, 24(4), 1213; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24041213 - 14 Feb 2024
Viewed by 650
Abstract
Electrolysis stands as a pivotal method for environmentally sustainable hydrogen production. However, the formation of gas bubbles during the electrolysis process poses significant challenges by impeding the electrochemical reactions, diminishing cell efficiency, and dramatically increasing energy consumption. Furthermore, the inherent difficulty in detecting [...] Read more.
Electrolysis stands as a pivotal method for environmentally sustainable hydrogen production. However, the formation of gas bubbles during the electrolysis process poses significant challenges by impeding the electrochemical reactions, diminishing cell efficiency, and dramatically increasing energy consumption. Furthermore, the inherent difficulty in detecting these bubbles arises from the non-transparency of the wall of electrolysis cells. Additionally, these gas bubbles induce alterations in the conductivity of the electrolyte, leading to corresponding fluctuations in the magnetic flux density outside of the electrolysis cell, which can be measured by externally placed magnetic sensors. By solving the inverse problem of the Biot–Savart Law, we can estimate the conductivity distribution as well as the void fraction within the cell. In this work, we study different approaches to solve the inverse problem including Invertible Neural Networks (INNs) and Tikhonov regularization. Our experiments demonstrate that INNs are much more robust to solving the inverse problem than Tikhonov regularization when the level of noise in the magnetic flux density measurements is not known or changes over space and time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tomographic and Multi-Dimensional Sensors)
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