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Processes
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Advances in Wind Turbine Energy Conversion Systems
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Advances in Wind Turbine Energy Conversion Systems

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 April 2024) | Viewed by 15906

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jeroen De Kooning

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Guest Editor
Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 131, 9052 Gent, Belgium
Interests: drivetrains; mechatronics; electrical machines & drives; power electronics; maximum power point tracking; wind turbine control; digital twins
Prof. Dr. Antonio Jarquin-Laguna

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Maritime and Transport Technology, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
Interests: offshore renewables; wind energy; hydraulic drives
Prof. Dr. Lieven Vandevelde

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 131, 9052 Gent, Belgium
Interests: electric power systems; sustainable energy; distributed generation; low-frequency electromagnetics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The current technological state of the art in wind energy is the classical three-bladed horizontal axis turbine with a direct-driven permanent magnet synchronous generator and a full-rated power electronic converter, directly coupled to the power system. To harvest the maximum amount of wind energy at all times, the turbine is controlled with maximum power point tracking. However, as the cost of wind energy is decreasing, its share in the energy mix is expected to increase considerably. The rated power of wind turbines also continues to rise, recently breaching the 10MW barrier. This Special Issue of Processes on “Advances in Wind Turbine Energy Conversion Systems” focuses on challenging current state-of-the-art wind energy in light of these drastic changes. Given that the future of energy systems will be dominated by cheap renewables, how can wind turbines be used differently, conceptualized differently, or operated more flexibly than today?

Contributions on the following topics are invited:

  • Direct connection of wind energy to chemical processes, e.g., feasibility, controllability, and techno-economic optimization
  • Alternative drivetrain concepts, e.g., gearboxes and transmissions, alternative generator types, alternative power-electronic concepts, hydraulic drives, fluid power transmissions
  • Alternative power conversion, e.g., power-to-gas, power-to-products, local buffering, integration of storage solutions
  • Technological advances to further increase the size of wind turbines

Prof. Dr. Jeroen De Kooning
Prof. Dr. Antonio Jarquin-Laguna
Prof. Dr. Lieven Vandevelde
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Wind energy
  • Power-to-gas
  • Power-to-products
  • Alternative power conversion
  • Alternative drivetrains
  • Direct connection to processes
  • Direct driven applications
  • Transmissions

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

16 pages, 6982 KiB  
Article
Impact of Blade Modifications on the Performance of a Darrieus Wind Turbine
by M. Özgün Korukçu
Processes 2024, 12(4), 732; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12040732 - 04 Apr 2024
Viewed by 453
Abstract
Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are gaining increasing significance in the realm of renewable energy. One notable advantage they possess is their ability to operate efficiently in diverse wind conditions, including low-speed and turbulent winds, which are often prevalent in urban areas. In [...] Read more.
Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are gaining increasing significance in the realm of renewable energy. One notable advantage they possess is their ability to operate efficiently in diverse wind conditions, including low-speed and turbulent winds, which are often prevalent in urban areas. In this study, dimples and pitch angles into the rotor blades are used to enhance the aerodynamic performance of a straight-bladed Darrieus turbine. To simulate the turbine’s rotation under transient conditions, computational fluid dynamics calculations are conducted in a two-dimensional setting. The unsteady Navier–Stokes equations are solved, and the k-ω SST turbulence model is employed to represent turbulent flow. The results of the simulation demonstrate that the application of a circular dimple on the pressure side of the blades, positioned at 0.25 of the chord length with a diameter of 0.08 chord length, leads to a 5.18% increase in the power coefficient at λ = 2.7, in comparison to a turbine with plain airfoils. Moreover, when an airfoil with both a dimple and a + 1° pitch angle is utilized, the turbine’s performance at λ = 2.7 improved by 7.17% compared to a plain airfoil, and by 1.8% compared to a dimpled airfoil without a pitch angle. Additionally, the impact of a double dimple on both the pressure and suction sides of the airfoil on turbine performance was investigated. It was discovered that the double-dimpled airfoil exhibited lower performance in comparison to a plain airfoil. The study showed that the utilization of both dimples and pitch angles for airfoils of a Darrieus turbine blade increases the power generated by the turbine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Wind Turbine Energy Conversion Systems)
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16 pages, 2511 KiB  
Article
Terminal Integral Synergetic Control for Wind Turbine at Region II Using a Two-Mass Model
by Saravanakumar Rajendran, Debashisha Jena, Matias Diaz and José Rodríguez
Processes 2023, 11(2), 616; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11020616 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1471
Abstract
Mechanical loads considerably impact wind turbine lifetime, and a reduction in this load is crucial while designing a controller for maximum power extraction at below-rated speed (region II). A trade-off between maximum energy extraction and minimum load on the drive train shaft is [...] Read more.
Mechanical loads considerably impact wind turbine lifetime, and a reduction in this load is crucial while designing a controller for maximum power extraction at below-rated speed (region II). A trade-off between maximum energy extraction and minimum load on the drive train shaft is a big challenge. Some conventional controllers extract the maximum power with a cost of high fluctuations in the generator torque and transient load. Therefore, to overcome the above issues, this work proposes four different integral synergetic control schemes for a wind turbine at region II using a two-mass model with a wind speed estimator. In addition, the proposed controllers have been developed to enhance the maximum power extraction from the wind whilst reducing the control input and drive train oscillations. Moreover, a terminal manifold has been considered to improve the finite time convergence rate. The effectiveness of the proposed controllers is validated through a 600 kW Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence simulator. Further, the proposed controllers were tested by different wind spectrums, such as Kaimal, Von Karman, Smooth-Terrain, and NWTCUP, with different turbulent intensities (10% and 20%). The overall performance of the proposed and conventional controller was examined with 24 different wind speed profiles. A detailed comparative analysis was carried out based on power extraction and reduction in mechanical loads. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Wind Turbine Energy Conversion Systems)
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Review

Jump to: Research

26 pages, 776 KiB  
Review
Wind Turbine Emulators—A Review
by Saravanakumar Rajendran, Matias Diaz, V. S. Kirthika Devi, Debashisha Jena, Juan Carlos Travieso and José Rodriguez
Processes 2023, 11(3), 747; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11030747 - 02 Mar 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2256
Abstract
Renewable energy sources have become a significant alternative energy source due to the continuing depletion of conventional energy sources and fluctuation in fuel costs. Currently, wind energy is the foremost among all other renewable energy sources. However, modeling and analyzing industrial wind turbines [...] Read more.
Renewable energy sources have become a significant alternative energy source due to the continuing depletion of conventional energy sources and fluctuation in fuel costs. Currently, wind energy is the foremost among all other renewable energy sources. However, modeling and analyzing industrial wind turbines is complex as the wind turbine power ratio and size have steadily increased. Undoubtedly, industrial wind turbines are huge and challenging to keep in research labs; simultaneously, exploring the controller/power converter performance is practically impossible. Therefore, to overcome the above drawbacks, wind turbine emulators have been developed to achieve the static and dynamic characteristics of wind energy conversion systems. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of the different wind turbine emulators available in the literature. In addition, the implementation of real-time emulators is classified according to the structure and approaches. Furthermore, an extensive analysis of the emulators was presented based on the significant parameters utilized for the real-time wind turbine emulators. Finally, this review analyzes the different emulator topologies according to cost, accuracy, complexity, and hardware implementation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Wind Turbine Energy Conversion Systems)
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26 pages, 1218 KiB  
Review
Digital Twins for Wind Energy Conversion Systems: A Literature Review of Potential Modelling Techniques Focused on Model Fidelity and Computational Load
by Jeroen D. M. De Kooning, Kurt Stockman, Jeroen De Maeyer, Antonio Jarquin-Laguna and Lieven Vandevelde
Processes 2021, 9(12), 2224; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9122224 - 09 Dec 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 5782
Abstract
The Industry 4.0 concept of a Digital Twin will bring many advantages for wind energy conversion systems, e.g., in condition monitoring, predictive maintenance and the optimisation of control or design parameters. A virtual replica is at the heart of a digital twin. To [...] Read more.
The Industry 4.0 concept of a Digital Twin will bring many advantages for wind energy conversion systems, e.g., in condition monitoring, predictive maintenance and the optimisation of control or design parameters. A virtual replica is at the heart of a digital twin. To construct a virtual replica, appropriate modelling techniques must be selected for the turbine components. These models must be chosen with the intended use case of the digital twin in mind, finding a proper balance between the model fidelity and computational load. This review article presents an overview of the recent literature on modelling techniques for turbine aerodynamics, structure and drivetrain mechanics, the permanent magnet synchronous generator, the power electronic converter and the pitch and yaw systems. For each component, a balanced overview is given of models with varying model fidelity and computational load, ranging from simplified lumped parameter models to advanced numerical Finite Element Method (FEM)-based models. The results of the literature review are presented graphically to aid the reader in the model selection process. Based on this review, a high-level structure of a digital twin is proposed together with a virtual replica with a minimum computational load. The concept of a multi-level hierarchical virtual replica is presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Wind Turbine Energy Conversion Systems)
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29 pages, 2642 KiB  
Review
Integration of Wind Energy and Desalination Systems: A Review Study
by Francesca Greco, Sebastiaan G. J. Heijman and Antonio Jarquin-Laguna
Processes 2021, 9(12), 2181; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9122181 - 03 Dec 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4199
Abstract
Desalination is a well-established technology used all over the world to mitigate freshwater scarcity. Wind-powered reverse osmosis plants are one of the most promising alternatives for renewable energy desalination, particularly for coastal areas and islands. Wind energy can satisfy the high energy consumption [...] Read more.
Desalination is a well-established technology used all over the world to mitigate freshwater scarcity. Wind-powered reverse osmosis plants are one of the most promising alternatives for renewable energy desalination, particularly for coastal areas and islands. Wind energy can satisfy the high energy consumption of desalination while reducing costs and CO2 emissions. However, the mismatch between the intermittent availability of the wind resource and the desalination’s power demand makes the integration between the two technologies critical. This paper presents a review of wind-powered desalination systems, focusing on the existing topologies and technological advances. An overview of the advantages and disadvantages are analysed based on the theoretical and experimental cases available in the scientific literature. The goal of this work is to show the current status of wind-powered desalination and to present the technical challenges that need to be overcome in order to ensure a sustainable freshwater source. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Wind Turbine Energy Conversion Systems)
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