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Processes
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Progresses in Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage—Materials, Structures and Simulation
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Progresses in Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage—Materials, Structures and Simulation

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2024 | Viewed by 9008

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Qian Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Interests: direct methanol fuel cells; vanadium redox flow batteries
Dr. Qiang Ma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Interests: heat and mass transfer in porous media; numerical model; redox flow batteries; lattice boltzmann method

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies play a key role in achieving environmentally friendly and sustainable energy utilization, thus establishing a trade off in the contradiction between growing energy demands and environmental concerns. Recently, researchers have paid great attention to the development of components, devices, and systems that electrochemically convert and store energy, such as fuel cells, lithium batteries, super capacitors, redox flow batteries, etc. Furthermore, to meet the higher requirements of energy conversion and storage devices with higher energy/power density, capacity, efficiency and durability, it is still necessary to discover new materials, update highly efficient devices or system structures, and propose more accurate and effective mathematical/numerical models to advance electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies.

This Special Issue, entitled “Progresses in Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage--Materials, Structures and Simulation” seeks high-quality research that focuses on the latest novel advances in electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies. Topics include but are not limited to:

  • Electrocatalytic materials;
  • Energy storage materials;
  • Advanced electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies, devices and systems;
  • Fuel cells;
  • Redox flow batteries;
  • Numerical simulation of electrochemical energy conversion and storage processes.

Prof. Dr. Qian Xu
Dr. Qiang Ma
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electrochemical energy
  • energy storage
  • fuel cells
  • redox flow batteries
  • numerical simulation

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3425 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Heat Conductivity on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Performance in Different Axis Directions
by Longsheng Zhao, Kang Shang, Jiyao Wang and Zhenqian Chen
Processes 2023, 11(6), 1713; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11061713 - 03 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 879
Abstract
In this paper, the effect of changes in the thermal conductivity of porous electrodes in three coordinate directions on the capability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells is investigated on the basis of current density versus voltammetry curves, and the temperature distribution and [...] Read more.
In this paper, the effect of changes in the thermal conductivity of porous electrodes in three coordinate directions on the capability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells is investigated on the basis of current density versus voltammetry curves, and the temperature distribution and water-carrying capacity distribution of the membrane. The results show that when the cell discharge voltage of the PEMFC is 0.3 V, the thermal conductivity in the Z-direction of the porous electrode has a greater effect on the performance of the PEMFC than in the other directions, with the thermal conductivity in the X- and Y-directions of the porous electrode having less than a 5% effect on the performance of the PEMFC, which can therefore be neglected. When the thermal conductivity of the porous electrode in the Z-direction of the PEMFC is 500 W/(m·K) and 1000 W/(m·K), the performance of the PEMFC is improved by 5.78% and 5.87%, respectively, and when the thermal conductivity of the porous electrode in the X-direction of the PEMFC is 500 W/(m·K) and 1000 W/(m·K), the performance of the PEMFC is improved by 2.09% and 2.89%, and the PEMFC performance is improved by 1.51% and 2.00% when the Y-direction thermal conductivity of the porous electrode of the PEMFC is 500 W/(m·K) and 1000 W/(m·K), respectively. The improvement in performance decreases with increasing thermal conductivity, because the thickness of the porous electrode is too thin. Since the side of the model is set to adiabatic heat exchange conditions, while the top and bottom surfaces are set to natural convection heat exchange conditions, the Z-direction thermal conductivity of the porous electrode plays the most important role in the temperature distribution of the PEMFC. The Z-direction thermal conductivity of the porous electrode causes the temperature distribution of the PEMFC assembly to be more uniform, and the Z-direction thermal conductivity of the porous electrode also causes the area of the high-water-content region on the proton exchange membrane to significantly increase. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progresses in Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage—Materials, Structures and Simulation)
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17 pages, 4564 KiB  
Article
Study on the Optimal Double-Layer Electrode for a Non-Aqueous Vanadium-Iron Redox Flow Battery Using a Machine Learning Model Coupled with Genetic Algorithm
by Qiang Ma, Wenxuan Fu, Jinhua Xu, Zhiqiang Wang and Qian Xu
Processes 2023, 11(5), 1529; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11051529 - 17 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 999
Abstract
To boost the operational performance of a non-aqueous DES electrolyte-based vanadium-iron redox flow battery (RFB), our previous work proposed a double-layer porous electrode spliced by carbon paper and graphite felt. However, this electrode’s architecture still needs to be further optimized under different operational [...] Read more.
To boost the operational performance of a non-aqueous DES electrolyte-based vanadium-iron redox flow battery (RFB), our previous work proposed a double-layer porous electrode spliced by carbon paper and graphite felt. However, this electrode’s architecture still needs to be further optimized under different operational conditions. Hence, this paper proposes a multi-layer artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict the relationship between vanadium-iron RFB’s performance and double-layer electrode structural characteristics. A training dataset of ANN is generated by three-dimensional finite-element numerical simulations of the galvanostatic discharging process. In addition, a genetic algorithm (GA) is coupled to an ANN regression training process for optimizing the model parameters to elevate the accuracy of ANN prediction. The novelty of this work lies in this modified optimal method of a double-layer electrode for non-aqueous RFB driven by a machine learning (ML) model coupled with GA. The comparative result shows that the ML model reaches a satisfactory predictive accuracy, and the mean square error of this model is lower than other popular ML regression models. Based on the known region of operating conditions, the obtained results prove that this well-trained ML algorithm can be used to estimate whether a double-layer electrode should be applied to a non-aqueous vanadium-iron RFB and determine an appropriate thickness ratio for this double-layer electrode. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progresses in Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage—Materials, Structures and Simulation)
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19 pages, 3437 KiB  
Article
Experimental and Simulation Research on Heat Pipe Thermal Management System Coupled with Battery Thermo-Electric Model
by Ying Xu, Zhiqiang Wang, Zhaoqing Ke, Bozhen Lai, Ying Zhang and Xingyuan Huang
Processes 2023, 11(4), 1204; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11041204 - 13 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1705
Abstract
The lithium-ion battery is widely used in the power system of pure electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles due to its high energy density. However, the chemical and electrochemical reactions generate a lot of heat. If the heat is not transferred through some [...] Read more.
The lithium-ion battery is widely used in the power system of pure electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles due to its high energy density. However, the chemical and electrochemical reactions generate a lot of heat. If the heat is not transferred through some refrigeration methods in time, it will lead to a rapid rise in the temperature of the battery. In this paper, an electric–thermal coupling model of a cylindrical Panasonic 21700 battery was proposed by using offline parameter identification method. Based on this model, a battery thermal management system using a heat pipe was established. The experimental results show that the model can simulate the actual performance of battery well. When the ambient temperature is 25 °C, the battery parameters change little and battery performance is better. The heat pipe battery thermal management system performs better than the non-heat pipe battery system in the discharge process, and can control the battery temperature well at low and high temperatures. Changing the refrigerant temperature can achieve a better thermal management effect under suitable ambient temperature conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progresses in Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage—Materials, Structures and Simulation)
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17 pages, 4177 KiB  
Article
Study on Purging Strategy of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell under Different Operation Conditions
by Shengpeng Chen, Aina Tian and Chaoling Han
Processes 2023, 11(1), 290; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11010290 - 16 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2168
Abstract
The commercial proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system needs to be equipped with the capacity to survive a harsh environment, including sub-freezing temperatures. The cold start of PEMFC brings about great technical challenges, mainly due to the ice blockage in the components, [...] Read more.
The commercial proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system needs to be equipped with the capacity to survive a harsh environment, including sub-freezing temperatures. The cold start of PEMFC brings about great technical challenges, mainly due to the ice blockage in the components, which seriously hinders the multi physical transmission process. A multiscale, two-dimensional model was established to explore the gas purging in PEMFC under different electrochemical reaction intensities. The results indicate that the optimal case is obtained by B3-1 with a power density of 0.796 W cm−2, and the power density increases first and then decreases, followed by stoichiometric flow ratio (ξ) changes. It is worth noting that the water mole fraction in the PEM is closely related to the water concentration gradient. However, the differences in the initial water distribution in porous media have little bearing on the condensed water in the gas channel, and the liquid water in the gas diffusion layer (GDL) is preferably carried away ahead of other porous parts. The results also show that the increase in the purge speed and temperature can remove the excess water on GDL and the catalytic layer in a short time. For a nitrogen-based purge, the operating condition in case B3-1 is shown as the best strategy based on the output performance and economic analysis during the shutdown and purge process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progresses in Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage—Materials, Structures and Simulation)
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17 pages, 4619 KiB  
Article
Investigations of Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Management System with Hybrid PCM/Liquid Cooling Plate
by Ying Zhang, Qinwen Fu, Yao Liu, Bozhen Lai, Zhaoqing Ke and Wei Wu
Processes 2023, 11(1), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11010057 - 26 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2621
Abstract
To improve the operating performance of the large-capacity battery pack of electric vehicles during continuous charging and discharging and to avoid its thermal runaway, in this paper we propose a new hybrid thermal management system that couples the PCM with the liquid cooling [...] Read more.
To improve the operating performance of the large-capacity battery pack of electric vehicles during continuous charging and discharging and to avoid its thermal runaway, in this paper we propose a new hybrid thermal management system that couples the PCM with the liquid cooling plate with microchannels. The flow direction of the microchannel structure in the bottom plate is designed according to the characteristics of the large axial thermal conductivity of the battery, and the cooling performance of the whole system under continuous charge/discharge cycles is numerically simulated. The results show that the hybrid PCM/liquid cooling plate can maintain good cooling performance under the discharge process of a large-capacity battery pack. After each cycle the temperature of the battery pack can be reduced to less than 30°, and the maximum temperature change rate of multiple cycles is controlled within 0.8%. With the application of the hybrid PCM/liquid-cooled plate battery cooling system, a safe temperature range of the battery pack is ensured even under multiple cycles of charging and discharging. The present work can facilitate future optimizations of the thermal management system of the large-capacity battery pack of electric vehicles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progresses in Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage—Materials, Structures and Simulation)
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