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Processes
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Heterogeneous Catalysts for CO2 Valorisation
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Heterogeneous Catalysts for CO2 Valorisation

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Catalysis Enhanced Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2021) | Viewed by 8758

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Igor Luisetto

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Guest Editor
Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
Interests: gas–solid reaction; CO2 capture and valorization; multiphase modeling; sustainable technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Stefano Stendardo

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Guest Editor
Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
Interests: gas–solid reaction; CO2 capture and valorization; multiphase modeling; sustainable technologies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The emission of CO2 from anthropogenic activities is responsible for the greenhouse effect. CO2 is mainly emitted by the use of fossil fuels for energy production and by some types of energy-intensive industries such as cement, iron, and steel. The greenhouse effect is recognized as the main factor of the ongoing climate change and will have a negative impact on the environment and global economy if not adequately reduced (Paris Climate Summit, 21st Conference of Parties). The decarbonization of production and energy-related processes and the valorization of CO2, to produce chemical compounds with high added value, are keys challenge to achieve this purpose, leading to a sustainable carbon cycle. Today, several processes for CO2 valorization are available or under development, including the CO2 splitting to CO and O2; the hydrogenation of CO2 to methane or to liquid hydrocarbons, to store energy excess from industrial wastes and/or nonprogrammable renewable sources in well-designed gas infrastructure; the reaction of CO2 with CH4, called dry reforming; and the high temperature co-electrolysis of CO2 with H2O or the artificial photosynthesis. However, the CO2 molecule is thermodynamically stable, and its activation requires the use of suitable heterogeneous catalysts and alternative sustainable processes. In this regard, there is a continuous effort to improve the performances of the catalysts and their durability through the study of all the fundamental aspects involved in the catalytic process.

This Special Issue covers the design, preparation, and characterization of novel heterogeneous catalysts, as well as new, advanced, and sustainable technologies, for CO2 valorization.

Dr. Igor Luisetto
Dr. Stefano Stendardo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • CO2 valorization
  • New catalytic process
  • Carbon neutral fuels
  • Heterogeneous catalysts
  • Structure–activity relation
  • Reaction mechanism
  • Surface science
  • Catalyst deactivation

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 7335 KiB  
Article
One-Pot Synthesis of Ni0.05Ce0.95O2−δ Catalysts with Nanocubes and Nanorods Morphology for CO2 Methanation Reaction and in Operando DRIFT Analysis of Intermediate Species
by Igor Luisetto, Stefano Stendardo, Sakkarapalayam Murugesan Senthil Kumar, Karuppiah Selvakumar, Jagadesh Kopula Kesavan, Giovanna Iucci, Umberto Pasqual Laverdura and Simonetta Tuti
Processes 2021, 9(11), 1899; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9111899 - 25 Oct 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2411
Abstract
The valorization of CO2 via renewable energy sources allows one to obtain carbon-neutral fuels through its hydrogenation, like methane. In this study, Ni0.05Ce0.95O2−δ catalysts were prepared using a simple one-pot hydrothermal method yielding nanorod and nanocube particles [...] Read more.
The valorization of CO2 via renewable energy sources allows one to obtain carbon-neutral fuels through its hydrogenation, like methane. In this study, Ni0.05Ce0.95O2−δ catalysts were prepared using a simple one-pot hydrothermal method yielding nanorod and nanocube particles to be used for the methanation reaction. Samples were characterized by XRD, BET, TEM, H2-TPR, and H2-TPD experiments. The catalytic activity tests revealed that the best performing catalyst was Ni0.05Ce0.95O2−δ, with nanorod morphology, which gave a CO2 conversion of 40% with a selectivity of CH4 as high as 93%, operating at 325 °C and a GHSV of 240,000 cm3 h−1 g−1. However, the lower activation energy was found for Ni0.05Ce0.95O2−δ catalysts with nanocube morphology. Furthermore, an in operando diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) analysis was performed flowing CO2:H2 or CO:H2 mixture, showing that the main reaction pathway, for the CO2 methanation, is the direct hydrogenation of formate intermediate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heterogeneous Catalysts for CO2 Valorisation)
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22 pages, 68053 KiB  
Article
Full-Field Comparison of MRV and CFD of Gas Flow through Regular Catalytic Monolithic Structures
by Mojtaba Mirdrikvand, Mehrdad Sadeghi, Georg R. Pesch, Wolfgang Dreher and Jorg Thöming
Processes 2021, 9(3), 566; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9030566 - 23 Mar 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2523
Abstract
Understanding the influence of gas flow maldistribution in honeycombs can be beneficial for the process design in various technical applications. Although recent studies have investigated the effect of maldistribution by comparing the results of numerical simulations with experimental measurements, an exhaustive 3D full-field [...] Read more.
Understanding the influence of gas flow maldistribution in honeycombs can be beneficial for the process design in various technical applications. Although recent studies have investigated the effect of maldistribution by comparing the results of numerical simulations with experimental measurements, an exhaustive 3D full-field comparison is still lacking. Such full-field comparisons are required to identify and eliminate possible limitations of numerical and experimental tools. For that purpose, spatially resolved flow patterns were simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and measured experimentally by non-invasive NMR velocimetry (MRV). While the latter might suffer from a misinterpretation of artefacts, the reliability of CFD is linked to correctly chosen boundary conditions. Here, a full-field numerical and experimental analysis of the gas flow within catalytic honeycombs is presented. The velocity field of thermally polarized methane gas was measured in a regular 3D-printed honeycomb and a commercial monolith using an optimized MRV pulse sequence to enhance the obtained signal-to-noise ratio. A second pulse sequence was used to show local flow propagators along the axial and radial direction of the honeycomb to quantify the contribution of diffusion to mass transport. A quantitative comparison of the axially averaged convective flow as determined by MRV and CFD shows a very good matching with an agreement of ±5% and 10% for printed and commercial samples, respectively. The impact of maldistribution on the gas flow pattern can be observed in both simulation and experiments, confirming the existence of an entrance effect. Gas displacement measurements, however, revealed that diffusive interchannel transport can also contribute to maldistribution, as was shown for the commercial sample. The good agreement between the simulation and experiments underpins the reliability of both methods for studying gas hydrodynamics within opaque monolith structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heterogeneous Catalysts for CO2 Valorisation)
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14 pages, 2859 KiB  
Article
Methanol Synthesis with Steel-Mill Gases: Simulation and Practical Testing of Selected Gas Utilization Scenarios
by Kai Girod, Heiko Lohmann, Stefan Schlüter and Stefan Kaluza
Processes 2020, 8(12), 1673; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8121673 - 17 Dec 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2993
Abstract
The utilization of CO2-containing steel-mill gases for synthesis of methanol was investigated. Four different scenarios with syngas derived from steel-mill gases were considered. A process model for an industrial methanol production including gas recirculation was applied to provide realistic conditions for [...] Read more.
The utilization of CO2-containing steel-mill gases for synthesis of methanol was investigated. Four different scenarios with syngas derived from steel-mill gases were considered. A process model for an industrial methanol production including gas recirculation was applied to provide realistic conditions for catalyst performance tests. A long-term test series was performed in a close-to-practice setup to demonstrate the stability of the catalyst. In addition, the experimental results were used to discuss the quality of the simulation results. Kinetic parameters of the reactor model were fitted. A comparison of two different kinetic approaches and the experimental results revealed which approach better fits CO-rich or CO2-rich steel-mill gases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heterogeneous Catalysts for CO2 Valorisation)
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