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Polymers
Special Issues
Plant Polysaccharides Based Polymers
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Plant Polysaccharides Based Polymers

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomacromolecules, Biobased and Biodegradable Polymers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2020) | Viewed by 14918

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Priyanka Sharma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Chemical and Paper Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5462, USA
Interests: biopolymers; cellulose; nanocellulose; water purification; bio reactor
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Sunil Kumar Sharma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center in Integrated Electric Energy Systems (CIEES), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790-3400, USA
Interests: water purification; sustainability; nanomaterials; characterization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Miriam Rafailovich

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
Interests: polymer thin films; nanocomposite materials in polymer blends; polymer interfaces; polymer adhesion; nanopatterning using polymer self assembly

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plant-based polymers have gained importance in various fields such as nanocomposites, paper, packaging, water purification, energy storage, flexible electronics, solar cell, biomedical, catalysis, the food industry, etc., due their natural abundance, biocompatibility and non-toxicity. These plant-based polymers have also been in demand in their nanoforms because of their tunable surface chemistry, high specific surface area and enhanced increase in compatibility with other synthetic polymers. Therefore, the preparation and functionalization of these polymers in both -macro and -nano forms are important area of research. 

The scope of our Special Issue will focus on all areas where fundamental and applied research is being conducted on natural polymers, especially related to cellulose and their nanoforms (e.g., nanocrystals, nanofibrillated cellulose, bacterial cellulose, cellulose nanocrystals), hemicellulose, and other polysaccharides, etc. In addition to this, it will also cover their processing, structural characterization and advanced applications in various field including water purification, composite materials, energy storage, biosensors, membranes, polymer reinforcement, biomedical scaffolds, wound healing, sensing materials, 3D printing, etc.

Dr. Sunil Kumar Sharma
Dr. Priyanka Sharma
Prof. Dr. Miriam Rafailovich
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cellulose, polysaccharides
  • nanocomposites
  • hemicellulose
  • nanocellulose

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 2907 KiB  
Article
Effect of Dip Coating Polymer Solutions on Properties of Thermoplastic Cassava Starch
by Kittisak Jantanasakulwong, Nattagarn Homsaard, Phanurot Phengchan, Pornchai Rachtanapun, Noppol Leksawasdi, Yuthana Phimolsiripol, Charin Techapun and Pensak Jantrawut
Polymers 2019, 11(11), 1746; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11111746 - 24 Oct 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4000
Abstract
Thermoplastic starch (TPS) was prepared by melt-mixing cassava starch with glycerol. Polyethylene (PE), polyethylene-grafted-maleic anhydride (PE-MAH) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) solutions at 2% (w/v) were used to coat TPS using the dip coating process. The tensile strength of TPS increased with [...] Read more.
Thermoplastic starch (TPS) was prepared by melt-mixing cassava starch with glycerol. Polyethylene (PE), polyethylene-grafted-maleic anhydride (PE-MAH) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) solutions at 2% (w/v) were used to coat TPS using the dip coating process. The tensile strength of TPS increased with the dip coating solution technique, especially for PLA coating. Swelling index, water-soluble matter and water droplet contact angle confirmed the water resistant improvement of TPS by PE-MAH and the PLA dip coating solution. Plasticizer bleeding was found in uncoated TPS after storage, but not in the coated TPS. Coating TPS with PE-MAH and PLA improved the tensile properties, water resistance and conquered plasticizer bleeding problems in TPS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Polysaccharides Based Polymers)
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9 pages, 2882 KiB  
Article
Electrochemical Properties and Structure Evolution of Starch-Based Carbon Nanomaterials as Li-Ion Anodes with Regard to Thermal Treatment
by Marcelina Kubicka, Monika Bakierska, Krystian Chudzik, Małgorzata Rutkowska, Joanna Pacek and Marcin Molenda
Polymers 2019, 11(9), 1527; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11091527 - 19 Sep 2019
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2774
Abstract
The influence of the pyrolysis temperature on the structural, textural, and electrochemical properties of carbon aerogels obtained from potato, maize, and rice starches was analyzed. The carbonization of organic precursors, followed by gelatinization, exchange of solvent, and drying process, was carried out in [...] Read more.
The influence of the pyrolysis temperature on the structural, textural, and electrochemical properties of carbon aerogels obtained from potato, maize, and rice starches was analyzed. The carbonization of organic precursors, followed by gelatinization, exchange of solvent, and drying process, was carried out in an argon atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 600 °C to 1600 °C. The nanostructured carbons were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) as well as N2-adsorption/desorption (N2-BET) methods. The electrochemical behavior of Li-ion cells based on the fabricated carbon anodes was investigated using the galvanostatic charge/discharge tests (GCDT) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that the thermal treatment stage has a crucial impact on the proper formation of the aerogel material’s porous structures and also on their working parameters as anode materials. The highest relative development of the external surface was obtained for the samples pyrolysed at 700 °C, which exhibited the best electrochemical characteristics (the highest specific capacities as well as the lowest charge transfer resistances). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Polysaccharides Based Polymers)
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13 pages, 2478 KiB  
Article
A Comprehensive Characterization of Pyrolysis Oil from Softwood Barks
by Haoxi Ben, Fengze Wu, Zhihong Wu, Guangting Han, Wei Jiang and Arthur J. Ragauskas
Polymers 2019, 11(9), 1387; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11091387 - 23 Aug 2019
Cited by 43 | Viewed by 3994
Abstract
Pyrolysis of raw pine bark, pine, and Douglas-Fir bark was examined. The pyrolysis oil yields of raw pine bark, pine, and Douglas-Fir bark at 500 °C were 29.18%, 26.67%, and 26.65%, respectively. Both energy densification ratios (1.32–1.56) and energy yields (48.40–54.31%) of char [...] Read more.
Pyrolysis of raw pine bark, pine, and Douglas-Fir bark was examined. The pyrolysis oil yields of raw pine bark, pine, and Douglas-Fir bark at 500 °C were 29.18%, 26.67%, and 26.65%, respectively. Both energy densification ratios (1.32–1.56) and energy yields (48.40–54.31%) of char are higher than pyrolysis oils (energy densification ratios: 1.13–1.19, energy yields: 30.16–34.42%). The pyrolysis oils have higher heating values (~25 MJ/kg) than bio-oils (~20 MJ/kg) from wood and agricultural residues, and the higher heating values of char (~31 MJ/kg) are comparable to that of many commercial coals. The elemental analysis indicated that the lower O/C value and higher H/C value represent a more valuable source of energy for pyrolysis oils than biomass. The nuclear magnetic resonance results demonstrated that the most abundant hydroxyl groups of pyrolysis oil are aliphatic OH groups, catechol, guaiacol, and p-hydroxy-phenyl OH groups. The aliphatic OH groups are mainly derived from the cleavage of cellulose glycosidic bonds, while the catechol, guaiacol, and p-hydroxy-phenyl OH groups are mostly attributed to the cleavage of the lignin β–O-4 bond. Significant amount of aromatic carbon (~40%) in pyrolysis oils is obtained from tannin and lignin components and the aromatic C–O bonds may be formed by a radical reaction between the aromatic and aliphatic hydroxyl groups. In this study, a comprehensive analytical method was developed to fully understand and evaluate the pyrolysis products produced from softwood barks, which could offer valuable information on the pyrolysis mechanism of biomass and promote better utilization of pyrolysis products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Polysaccharides Based Polymers)
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12 pages, 7525 KiB  
Article
Impact of CO2 on Pyrolysis Products of Bituminous Coal and Platanus Sawdust
by Ying Luo, Haoxi Ben, Zhihong Wu, Kai Nie, Guangting Han and Wei Jiang
Polymers 2019, 11(8), 1370; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11081370 - 20 Aug 2019
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 3508
Abstract
Abundant studies have been completed about factors on the pyrolysis of coal and biomass. However, few articles laid emphasis on using CO2 as a carrier gas to explore the compositional changes of pyrolysis products in coal and biomass pyrolysis for industrial application [...] Read more.
Abundant studies have been completed about factors on the pyrolysis of coal and biomass. However, few articles laid emphasis on using CO2 as a carrier gas to explore the compositional changes of pyrolysis products in coal and biomass pyrolysis for industrial application and commercial value. The experiments on coal and biomass pyrolysis in N2 and CO2 using a horizontal tube furnace were conducted at 500 °C. The impact of introducing CO2 on the pyrolysis process of bituminous coal and Platanus sawdust was investigated. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of tar and the characterizations of char including Brunner-Emmet-Teller (BET) measurements, scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and element analysis were studied. The findings in light of the experimental results show that introducing CO2 enhances the coal and biomass pyrolysis in a solid product by promoting the fracture of hydroxyl groups. It also promotes tar decomposition and the release of volatiles, which contribute to the occurrence of char with high porosity, pore volume, and specific surface. Furthermore, higher specific surface enhances the adsorption performance of char as active carbon. Simultaneously, CO2 promotes the increase of oxygen-containing aromatics especially the methoxy-containing aromatics, and the decrease of deoxygenated aromatic hydrocarbons in pyrolysis oils. In addition, the introduction of CO2 changes the amount of aliphatic compounds in various ways for the pyrolysis of coal and biomass. From a perspective of business, the changes in the composition of pyrolysis oil brought by CO2 may create new value for fuel utilization and industrial products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Polysaccharides Based Polymers)
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