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Polymers
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Eco-Friendly Coatings and Adhesive Technology
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Eco-Friendly Coatings and Adhesive Technology

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Circular and Green Polymer Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 July 2024 | Viewed by 7916

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Guangpu Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
Interests: adhesive; functional polymer; light curing; energetic polymer
Dr. Zhengmao Ding

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: coatings; adhesives; waterborne polyurethane; nanocomposites; energy
Dr. Yanan Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, China
Interests: resin-based composites; mechanical property; FRP; recycling

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Coatings and adhesives are indispensable polymer materials used for modern industrial development. They are widely used in construction, aerospace, electronic information, artificial intelligence, biomedicine, and other applications. As people pay more attention to environmental protection and sustainable development, research on environmentally friendly coatings and adhesives is receiving increasing attention. For example, water-based coatings, water-based paints, photocuring resins, re-use adhesives, powder coatings, pressure-sensitive adhesives, and solvent-free adhesives have been developed and applied at high speeds. This Special Issue aims to establish a platform for the above-mentioned research on environmentally friendly coatings and adhesives. We welcome all scholars to submit papers. 

Dr. Guangpu Zhang
Dr. Zhengmao Ding
Dr. Yanan Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • coating
  • adhesive
  • polymer
  • eco-friendly
  • water-based
  • re-use
  • solvent-free
  • composites
  • functional polymer

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 5016 KiB  
Article
A Novel Method of Improving the Mechanical Properties of Propellant Using Energetic Thermoplastic Elastomers with Bonding Groups
by Shixiong Sun, Haoyu Liu, Yang Wang, Wenhao Du, Benbo Zhao and Yunjun Luo
Polymers 2024, 16(6), 792; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16060792 - 13 Mar 2024
Viewed by 594
Abstract
The relatively poor mechanical properties of extruded modified double base (EMDB) propellants limit their range of applications. To overcome these drawbacks, a novel method was proposed to introduce glycidyl azide polymer-based energetic thermoplastic elastomers (GAP-ETPE) with bonding groups into the propellant adhesive. The [...] Read more.
The relatively poor mechanical properties of extruded modified double base (EMDB) propellants limit their range of applications. To overcome these drawbacks, a novel method was proposed to introduce glycidyl azide polymer-based energetic thermoplastic elastomers (GAP-ETPE) with bonding groups into the propellant adhesive. The influence of the molecular structure of three kinds of elastomers on the mechanical properties of the resultant propellant was analyzed. It was found that the mechanical properties of the propellant with 3% CBA-ETPE (a type of GAP-ETPE that features chain extensions using N-(2-Cyanoethyl) diethanolamine and 1,4-butanediol) were improved at both 50 °C and −40 °C compared to a control propellant without GAP-ETPE. The elongation and impact strength of the propellant at −40 °C were 7.49% and 6.58 MPa, respectively, while the impact strength and maximum tensile strength of the propellant at 50 °C reached 21.1 MPa and 1.19 MPa, respectively. In addition, all three types of GAP-ETPE improved the safety of EMDB propellants. The friction sensitivity of the propellant with 3% CBA-ETPE was found to be 0%, and its characteristic drop height H50 was found to be 39.0 cm; 126% higher than the traditional EMDB propellant. These results provide guidance for studies aiming to optimize the performance of EMDB propellants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eco-Friendly Coatings and Adhesive Technology)
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19 pages, 6858 KiB  
Article
Non-Isothermal Simulation and Safety Analysis of Twin-Screw Extrusion Process for Synthetizing Glycidyl Azide Polymer-Based Energetic Thermoplastic Elastomer
by Junming Yuan, Yan Liu, Jinying Wang, Yuan Qu, Hu Sun, Yue Qin and Nan Wang
Polymers 2023, 15(18), 3662; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15183662 - 5 Sep 2023
Viewed by 887
Abstract
In order to study the temperature variation and flow characteristics in the twin-screw reactive extrusion process of synthetizing glycidyl azide polymer-based energetic thermoplastic elastomer (GAP-ETPE), a non-isothermal simulation and a safety analysis were carried out. Firstly, based on the synthesis principle of GAP-ETPE, [...] Read more.
In order to study the temperature variation and flow characteristics in the twin-screw reactive extrusion process of synthetizing glycidyl azide polymer-based energetic thermoplastic elastomer (GAP-ETPE), a non-isothermal simulation and a safety analysis were carried out. Firstly, based on the synthesis principle of GAP-ETPE, a mechanical sensitivity test, viscosity test and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of GAP-ETPE were carried out. Secondly, a three-dimensional physical model of the intermeshing co-rotating conveying element was established by Gambit. A three-dimensional non-isothermal numerical simulation of the conveying and kneading elements was carried out using FLUENT 19.0 software. The temperature, pressure and shear stress field of conveying and kneading elements with different staggered angles were analyzed and compared. The results show that the maximum temperature of the kneading element is always slightly higher than that of the conveying element at the same rotational speed, but the average temperature in the flow channel is always slightly higher than that of the kneading element. The inlet and outlet pressure difference of the kneading elements with a 90° offset angle is the smallest and the safety is the highest. The shear stress in the flow channel of the conveying element is higher than that of the kneading element as a whole, but the shear stress near the outlet of the 90° kneading element is higher than that in the flow channel of the conveying element. Among the kneading elements, the 90° kneading element has the strongest dispersing and mixing ability, followed by the 60° and 45° kneading elements. According to the thermal and physical parameters of the material, the ignition response time is approximately 6 s, which provides a theoretical guide for the safety design of the GAP-ETPE twin-screw extruder. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eco-Friendly Coatings and Adhesive Technology)
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11 pages, 2995 KiB  
Article
Preparation and Properties of a Novel High-Toughness Solid Propellant Adhesive System Based on Glycidyl Azide Polymer–Energetic Thermoplastic Elastomer/Nitrocellulose/Butyl Nitrate Ethyl Nitramine
by Jing Zhang, Zhen Wang, Shixiong Sun and Yunjun Luo
Polymers 2023, 15(18), 3656; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15183656 - 5 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 929
Abstract
Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP)–energetic thermoplastic elastomer (GAP-ETPE) propellants have high development prospects as green solid propellants, but the preparation of GAP-ETPEs with excellent performance is still a challenge. Improving the performance of the adhesive system in a propellant by introducing a plasticizer is [...] Read more.
Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP)–energetic thermoplastic elastomer (GAP-ETPE) propellants have high development prospects as green solid propellants, but the preparation of GAP-ETPEs with excellent performance is still a challenge. Improving the performance of the adhesive system in a propellant by introducing a plasticizer is an effective approach to increasing the energy and toughness of the propellant. Herein, a novel high-strength solid propellant adhesive system was proposed with GAP-ETPEs as the adhesive skeleton, butyl nitrate ethyl nitramine (Bu-NENA) as the energetic plasticizer, and nitrocellulose (NC) as the reinforcing agent. The effects of the structural factors on its properties were studied. The results showed that the binder system would give the propellant better mechanical and safety properties. The results can provide a reference for the structure design, forming process, and parameter selection of high-performance GAP-based green solid propellants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eco-Friendly Coatings and Adhesive Technology)
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15 pages, 3218 KiB  
Article
Preparation and Properties of Hydrophobic Polyurethane Based on Silane Modification
by Yuxian Ma, Minghui Zhang, Wenhao Du, Shixiong Sun, Benbo Zhao and Yuan Cheng
Polymers 2023, 15(7), 1759; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15071759 - 31 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2264
Abstract
Waterborne coatings have obtained more and more attention from researchers with increasing concerns in environmental protection, and have the advantages of being green, environmentally friendly and safe. However, the introduction of hydrophilic groups leads to lower hydrophobicity and it is difficult to meet [...] Read more.
Waterborne coatings have obtained more and more attention from researchers with increasing concerns in environmental protection, and have the advantages of being green, environmentally friendly and safe. However, the introduction of hydrophilic groups leads to lower hydrophobicity and it is difficult to meet the requirements of complex application environments. Herein, we proposed an optimization approach of waterborne polyurethane (WPU) with vinyl tris(β-methoxyethoxy) silane (A172), and it was found that the surface roughness, mechanical properties, thermal stability and water resistance of WPU will be increased to a certain extent with the addition of A172. Moreover, the hydrophobicity of the coating film is best when the silicon content is 10% of the acrylic monomer mass and the water contact angle reaches 100°, which could exceed two-thirds of the research results in the last decade. Therefore, our study can provide some theoretical basis for the research of hydrophobic polyurethane coatings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eco-Friendly Coatings and Adhesive Technology)
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10 pages, 4066 KiB  
Article
Study on GAP Adhesive-Based Polymer Films, Energetic Polymer Composites and Application
by Siyuan Wu, Xiaomeng Li, Zhen Ge and Yunjun Luo
Polymers 2023, 15(6), 1538; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15061538 - 20 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1140
Abstract
To lay the foundation for environmentally friendly energetic polymer composites, GAP (glycidyl azide polymer) adhesive-based polymer films with different curing parameter R (mol ratio of hydroxyl/isocyanate) and energetic polymer composites with different RDX contents were studied. GAP/TDI (toluene diisocyanate)/GLY(glycerol) was selected as the [...] Read more.
To lay the foundation for environmentally friendly energetic polymer composites, GAP (glycidyl azide polymer) adhesive-based polymer films with different curing parameter R (mol ratio of hydroxyl/isocyanate) and energetic polymer composites with different RDX contents were studied. GAP/TDI (toluene diisocyanate)/GLY(glycerol) was selected as the adhesive system. The tensile strength and elongation at the break of the polymer film with R = 2.2, was 14.34 MPa and 176.86%, respectively, as observed by an AGS-J electronic universal testing machine. A relatively complete cross-linking network and high hydrogen bonding interaction were observed by LF-NMR (low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, where the cross-linking density was 11.06 × 10−4 mol/cm3) and FT-IR (fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, where the carbonyl bonding ratio was 64.84%). Forty percent RDX(hexogen) was added into the adhesive system. The tensile strength was 4.65 MPa, and the elongation at the break was 78.49%; meanwhile, the heat of the explosive was 2.87 MJ/kg, and the residue carbon rate was only 2.47%. The tensile cross-sections of energetic polymer composites were observed by SEM (Scanning electron microscopy). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eco-Friendly Coatings and Adhesive Technology)
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Review

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19 pages, 4164 KiB  
Review
Research Progress of Self-Healing Polymer for Ultraviolet-Curing Three-Dimensional Printing
by Wenhao Liu, Zhe Sun, Hao Ren, Xiaomu Wen, Wei Wang, Tianfu Zhang, Lei Xiao and Guangpu Zhang
Polymers 2023, 15(24), 4646; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15244646 - 8 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1080
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV)-curing technology as a photopolymerization technology has received widespread attention due to its advantages of high efficiency, wide adaptability, and environmental friendliness. Ultraviolet-based 3D printing technology has been widely used in the printing of thermosetting materials, but the permanent covalent cross-linked networks [...] Read more.
Ultraviolet (UV)-curing technology as a photopolymerization technology has received widespread attention due to its advantages of high efficiency, wide adaptability, and environmental friendliness. Ultraviolet-based 3D printing technology has been widely used in the printing of thermosetting materials, but the permanent covalent cross-linked networks of thermosetting materials which are used in this method make it hard to recover the damage caused by the printing process through reprocessing, which reduces the service life of the material. Therefore, introducing dynamic bonds into UV-curable polymer materials might be a brilliant choice which can enable the material to conduct self-healing, and thus meet the needs of practical applications. The present review first introduces photosensitive resins utilizing dynamic bonds, followed by a summary of various types of dynamic bonds approaches. We also analyze the advantages/disadvantages of diverse UV-curable self-healing polymers with different polymeric structures, and outline future development trends in this field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eco-Friendly Coatings and Adhesive Technology)
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