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High Light Stresses in Photosynthetic Organisms
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High Light Stresses in Photosynthetic Organisms

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Physiology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 8438

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Thomas Roach

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Interests: stress metabolism; desiccation tolerance; photosynthesis; longevity; reactive electrophile species
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Excess light stress can be unavoidable for photosynthetic organisms, despite a broad diversity of safety valves and mechanisms that regulate electron transport and light use efficiency. Typically, light stress occurs when environmental conditions are unfavourable for carbon assimilation (e.g. due to cold, drought etc.), but also when low-light acclimated organisms are exposed to a sudden increase in light intensity. Primary and secondary metabolism can be strongly affected, and other consequences include increased levels of reactive species, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), which that not only cause damage (i.e. photoinhibition, lipid peroxidation etc.), but also contribute to signalling and light stress acclimation. This Special Issue of Plants will focus on all aspects of excess light stress, from prevention to mitigation and acclimation, across the diversity of photosynthetic organisms.

Dr. Thomas Roach
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • photoinhibition
  • photodamage
  • photoregulation
  • reactive oxygen species
  • chloroplast

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 5007 KiB  
Article
Intrinsic Fluctuations in Transpiration Induce Photorespiration to Oxidize P700 in Photosystem I
by Riu Furutani, Amane Makino, Yuij Suzuki, Shinya Wada, Ginga Shimakawa and Chikahiro Miyake
Plants 2020, 9(12), 1761; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9121761 - 12 Dec 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3114
Abstract
Upon exposure to environmental stress, the primary electron donor in photosystem I (PSI), P700, is oxidized to suppress the production of reactive oxygen species that could oxidatively inactivate the function of PSI. The illumination of rice leaves with actinic light induces intrinsic fluctuations [...] Read more.
Upon exposure to environmental stress, the primary electron donor in photosystem I (PSI), P700, is oxidized to suppress the production of reactive oxygen species that could oxidatively inactivate the function of PSI. The illumination of rice leaves with actinic light induces intrinsic fluctuations in the opening and closing of stomata, causing the net CO2 assimilation rate to fluctuate. We examined the effects of these intrinsic fluctuations on electron transport reactions. Under atmospheric O2 conditions (21 kPa), the effective quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) (Y(II)) remained relatively high while the net CO2 assimilation rate fluctuated, which indicates the function of alternative electron flow. By contrast, under low O2 conditions (2 kPa), Y(II) fluctuated. These results suggest that photorespiration primarily drove the alternative electron flow. Photorespiration maintained the oxidation level of ferredoxin (Fd) throughout the fluctuation of the net CO2 assimilation rate. Moreover, the relative activity of photorespiration was correlated with both the oxidation level of P700 and the magnitude of the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane in 21 kPa O2 conditions. These results show that photorespiration oxidized P700 by stimulating the proton gradient formation when CO2 assimilation was suppressed by stomatal closure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Light Stresses in Photosynthetic Organisms)
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12 pages, 2670 KiB  
Article
LHCSR3-Type NPQ Prevents Photoinhibition and Slowed Growth under Fluctuating Light in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
by Thomas Roach
Plants 2020, 9(11), 1604; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9111604 - 18 Nov 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2242
Abstract
Natural light intensities can rise several orders of magnitude over subsecond time spans, posing a major challenge for photosynthesis. Fluctuating light tolerance in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii requires alternative electron pathways, but the role of nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) is not known. Here, [...] Read more.
Natural light intensities can rise several orders of magnitude over subsecond time spans, posing a major challenge for photosynthesis. Fluctuating light tolerance in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii requires alternative electron pathways, but the role of nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) is not known. Here, fluctuating light (10 min actinic light followed by 10 min darkness) led to significant increase in NPQ/qE-related proteins, LHCSR1 and LHCSR3, relative to constant light of the same subsaturating or saturating intensity. Elevated levels of LHCSR1/3 increased the ability of cells to safely dissipate excess light energy to heat (i.e., qE-type NPQ) during dark to light transition, as measured with chlorophyll fluorescence. The low qE phenotype of the npq4 mutant, which is unable to produce LHCSR3, was abolished under fluctuating light, showing that LHCSR1 alone enables very high levels of qE. Photosystem (PS) levels were also affected by light treatments; constant light led to lower PsbA levels and Fv/Fm values, while fluctuating light led to lower PsaA and maximum P700+ levels, indicating that constant and fluctuating light induced PSII and PSI photoinhibition, respectively. Under fluctuating light, npq4 suffered more PSI photoinhibition and significantly slower growth rates than parental wild type, whereas npq1 and npq2 mutants affected in xanthophyll carotenoid compositions had identical growth under fluctuating and constant light. Overall, LHCSR3 rather than total qE capacity or zeaxanthin is shown to be important in C. reinhardtii in tolerating fluctuating light, potentially via preventing PSI photoinhibition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Light Stresses in Photosynthetic Organisms)
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21 pages, 3177 KiB  
Article
Photochemical Efficiency and Oxidative Metabolism of Tree Species during Acclimation to High and Low Irradiance
by Adamir da Rocha Nina Junior, Jair Max Furtunato Maia, Samuel Cordeiro Vitor Martins and José Francisco de Carvalho Gonçalves
Plants 2020, 9(8), 1047; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9081047 - 17 Aug 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2639
Abstract
The balance between efficiency of absorption and use of light energy is fundamental for plant metabolism and to avoid photoinhibition. Here, we investigated the effects of light environments on the photosynthetic apparatus of tropical tree species of three successional groups (pioneer, mid-, and [...] Read more.
The balance between efficiency of absorption and use of light energy is fundamental for plant metabolism and to avoid photoinhibition. Here, we investigated the effects of light environments on the photosynthetic apparatus of tropical tree species of three successional groups (pioneer, mid-, and late successional) subjected to different light conditions: full sunlight (FS), moderate shade (MS), and deep shade (DS). Twenty-nine ecophysiological parameters were correlated with each other. The pioneer species exhibited better photochemical performance and a more efficient antioxidant enzymatic system in comparison with the other successional groups. Plants in FS showed higher intensity of lipid peroxidation, with superoxide dismutase having a prominent role in the antioxidant system. At lower irradiance the enzymatic activity was reduced, and the photochemical efficiency was the preferred way to reduce oxidative damages. P was highly related to photochemical yield, and the N modulation amplified the light harvesting complex in DS to the detriment of the antioxidant system. Despite evidence of cell damage, most species exhibited the ability to adjust to high irradiance. Contrary to expectations, Hymenea courbaril (late-successional) exhibited higher plasticity to fluorescence, nutritional, and antioxidant parameters. Only Carapa guianensis (late-successional) displayed photoinhibitory damage in FS, and Ochroma pyramidale (pioneer) did not survive in DS, suggesting that acclimation to shade is more challenging than to high irradiance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Light Stresses in Photosynthetic Organisms)
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