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Grapevine Responses to Environmental Challenges
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Grapevine Responses to Environmental Challenges

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Response to Abiotic Stress and Climate Change".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 30716

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Georgios Banilas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Wine, Vine and Beverage Sciences, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridona Str., 12243 Athens, Greece
Interests: plant molecular biology; biotechnology of the grape-wine system
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The grapevine (Vitis spp.) is one of the most important fruit crops, predominantly for wine production, table grapes, and raisins. Grapevines, like other plants, are subjected to a wide range of environmental stresses, such as soil factors, drought, and extreme temperatures, as well as biotic stresses, which may exert severe constraints on plant development, yield, and berry quality. Significant efforts have been made toward understanding the physiological/molecular responses and regulatory constituents controlling grapevine acclimation and adaptation to unfavorable conditions. In light of climate change, including global warming, a deeper knowledge of grapevine strategies to cope with adverse environmental conditions is of high importance for the sustainability of viticulture. This Special Issue of Plants focuses on recent advances in physiology, molecular biology, and ‘omics’ research to elucidate the various responses and mechanisms providing tolerance, acclimatization, and/or adaptation of the grapevine to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Dr. George Banilas
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • grape
  • biotic stress
  • abiotic stress
  • adaptation
  • environmental constraints
  • genomics
  • transcriptomics
  • proteomics
  • metabolomics
  • climate change

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 8972 KiB  
Article
Light Microclimate-Driven Changes at Transcriptional Level in Photosynthetic Grape Berry Tissues
by Andreia Garrido, Ric C. H. De Vos, Artur Conde and Ana Cunha
Plants 2021, 10(9), 1769; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10091769 - 25 Aug 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1957
Abstract
Viticulture practices that change the light distribution in the grapevine canopy can interfere with several physiological mechanisms, such as grape berry photosynthesis and other metabolic pathways, and consequently impact the berry biochemical composition, which is key to the final wine quality. We previously [...] Read more.
Viticulture practices that change the light distribution in the grapevine canopy can interfere with several physiological mechanisms, such as grape berry photosynthesis and other metabolic pathways, and consequently impact the berry biochemical composition, which is key to the final wine quality. We previously showed that the photosynthetic activity of exocarp and seed tissues from a white cultivar (Alvarinho) was in fact responsive to the light microclimate in the canopy (low and high light, LL and HL, respectively), and that these different light microclimates also led to distinct metabolite profiles, suggesting a berry tissue-specific interlink between photosynthesis and metabolism. In the present work, we analyzed the transcript levels of key genes in exocarps and seed integuments of berries from the same cultivar collected from HL and LL microclimates at three developmental stages, using real-time qPCR. In exocarp, the expression levels of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism (VvSuSy1), phenylpropanoid (VvPAL1), stilbenoid (VvSTS1), and flavan-3-ol synthesis (VvDFR, VvLAR2, and VvANR) were highest at the green stage. In seeds, the expression of several genes associated with both phenylpropanoid (VvCHS1 and VvCHS3) and flavan-3-ol synthesis (VvDFR and VvLAR2) showed a peak at the véraison stage, whereas that of RuBisCO was maintained up to the mature stage. Overall, the HL microclimate, compared to that of LL, resulted in a higher expression of genes encoding elements associated with both photosynthesis (VvChlSyn and VvRuBisCO), carbohydrate metabolism (VvSPS1), and photoprotection (carotenoid pathways genes) in both tissues. HL also induced the expression of the VvFLS1 gene, which was translated into a higher activity of the FLS enzyme producing flavonol-type flavonoids, whereas the expression of several other flavonoid pathway genes (e.g., VvCHS3, VvSTS1, VvDFR, and VvLDOX) was reduced, suggesting a specific role of flavonols in photoprotection of berries growing in the HL microclimate. This work suggests a possible link at the transcriptional level between berry photosynthesis and pathways of primary and secondary metabolism, and provides relevant information for improving the management of the light microenvironment at canopy level of the grapes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grapevine Responses to Environmental Challenges)
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18 pages, 2902 KiB  
Article
Explore the Rare—Molecular Identification and Wine Evaluation of Two Autochthonous Greek Varieties: “Karnachalades” and “Bogialamades”
by Dimitrios Evangelos Miliordos, Georgios Merkouropoulos, Charikleia Kogkou, Spyridon Arseniou, Anastasios Alatzas, Niki Proxenia, Polydefkis Hatzopoulos and Yorgos Kotseridis
Plants 2021, 10(8), 1556; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10081556 - 29 Jul 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2354
Abstract
Wines produced from autochthonous Vitis vinifera varieties have an essential financial impact on the national economy of Greece. However, scientific data regarding characteristics and quality aspects of these wines is extremely limited. The aim of the current study is to define the molecular [...] Read more.
Wines produced from autochthonous Vitis vinifera varieties have an essential financial impact on the national economy of Greece. However, scientific data regarding characteristics and quality aspects of these wines is extremely limited. The aim of the current study is to define the molecular profile and to describe chemical and sensory characteristics of the wines produced by two autochthonous red grapevine varieties—“Karnachalades” and “Bogialamades”—grown in the wider area of Soufli (Thrace, Greece). We used seven microsatellites to define the molecular profile of the two varieties, and then we compared their profile to similar molecular data from other autochthonous as well as international varieties. Grape berries were harvested at optimum technological maturity from a commercial vineyard for two consecutive vintages (2017–2018) and vilification was performed using a common vinification protocol: the 2017 vintage provided wines, from both varieties, with greater rates of phenolics and anthocyanins than 2018, whereas regarding the sensory analysis, “Bogialamades” wine provided a richer profile than “Karnachalades”. To our knowledge, this is the first study that couples both molecular profiling and exploration of the enological potential of the rare Greek varieties “Karnachalades” and “Bogialamades”; they represent two promising varieties for the production of red wines in the historic region of Thrace. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grapevine Responses to Environmental Challenges)
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11 pages, 779 KiB  
Article
Towards Biological Control of Aspergillus carbonarius and Botrytis cinerea in Grapevine Berries and Transcriptomic Changes of Genes Encoding Pathogenesis-Related (PR) Proteins
by Danai Gkizi, Eirini G. Poulaki and Sotirios E. Tjamos
Plants 2021, 10(5), 970; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10050970 - 13 May 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2441
Abstract
Grapevine bunch rot, caused by Botrytis cinerea and Aspergillus carbonarius, causes important economic losses every year in grape production. In the present study, we examined the plant protective activity of the biological control agents, Paenibacillus alvei K165, Blastobotrys sp. FP12 and Arthrobacter [...] Read more.
Grapevine bunch rot, caused by Botrytis cinerea and Aspergillus carbonarius, causes important economic losses every year in grape production. In the present study, we examined the plant protective activity of the biological control agents, Paenibacillus alvei K165, Blastobotrys sp. FP12 and Arthrobacter sp. FP15 against B. cinerea and A. carbonarius on grapes. The in vitro experiments showed that strain K165 significantly reduced the growth of both fungi, while FP15 restricted the growth of A. carbonarius and FP12 was ineffective. Following the in vitro experiments, we conducted in planta experiments on grape berries. It was shown that K165, FP12 and FP15 reduced A. carbonarius rot severity by 81%, 57% and 37%, respectively, compared to the control, whereas, in the case of B. cinerea, the only protective treatment was that with K165, which reduced rot by 75%. The transcriptomic analysis of the genes encoding the pathogenesis-related proteins PR2, PR3, PR4 and PR5 indicates the activation of multiple defense responses involved in the biocontrol activity of the examined biocontrol agents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grapevine Responses to Environmental Challenges)
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16 pages, 3431 KiB  
Article
Ethephon Activates the Transcription of Senescence-Associated Genes and Nitrogen Mobilization in Grapevine Leaves (Vitis vinifera cv. Riesling)
by Maximilian Hendgen, Stefan Günther, Sven Schubert and Otmar Löhnertz
Plants 2021, 10(2), 333; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020333 - 9 Feb 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2705
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) remobilization in the context of leaf senescence is of considerable importance for the viability of perennial plants. In late-ripening crops, such as Vitis vinifera, it may also affect berry ripening and fruit quality. Numerous studies on the model plant Arabidopsis [...] Read more.
Nitrogen (N) remobilization in the context of leaf senescence is of considerable importance for the viability of perennial plants. In late-ripening crops, such as Vitis vinifera, it may also affect berry ripening and fruit quality. Numerous studies on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana have confirmed an involvement of the plant hormone ethylene in the regulation of senescence. However, ethylene research on grapevine was mostly focused on its involvement in berry ripening and stress tolerance until now. To investigate the effect of ethylene on the initiation, regulation, and progress of senescence-dependent N mobilization in grapevine leaves, we treated field-grown Vitis vinifera cv. Riesling vines with 25 mM ethephon at the end of berry ripening. Ethephon induced premature chlorophyll degradation and caused a shift of the leaf transcriptome equivalent to developmental leaf senescence. The upregulated metabolic processes covered the entire N remobilization process chain, altered the amino acid composition in the leaves, and resulted in an average 60% decrease in leaf N. Our findings increase the fundamental knowledge about the initiation and manipulation of leaf N remobilization in perennial woody plants by ethephon. This offers a methodological approach to the targeted induction of senescence and thus to an improvement in the N supply of grapes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grapevine Responses to Environmental Challenges)
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10 pages, 778 KiB  
Article
Paenibacillus alvei K165 and Fusarium oxysporum F2: Potential Biocontrol Agents against Phaeomoniella chlamydospora in Grapevines
by Fedon-Ioannis Gkikas, Alexandros Tako, Danai Gkizi, Christina Lagogianni, Emmanouil A. Markakis and Sotirios E. Tjamos
Plants 2021, 10(2), 207; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020207 - 22 Jan 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2781
Abstract
In the last two decades grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) have emerged as the most significant threat for grapevine sustainability worldwide. The tracheomycotic fungus Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (Pch) is the predominant GTD-associated species and cannot be controlled with available chemicals. In the present study, we [...] Read more.
In the last two decades grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) have emerged as the most significant threat for grapevine sustainability worldwide. The tracheomycotic fungus Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (Pch) is the predominant GTD-associated species and cannot be controlled with available chemicals. In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of two microbial strains (Paenibacillus alvei K165 and Fusarium oxysporum F2) against Pch in grapevine. In vitro bioassays, performed in a growth culture medium simulating the xylem environment, indicated that F2 decreased Pch growth and sporulation, whereas K165 did not have any effect on Pch growth. In planta experiments revealed that root-drench and stem-puncture application of K165 and F2 reduced the endophytic relative DNA amount of Pch by 90% and 82%, respectively, compared to controls. However, wood discoloration, the typical symptom of Pch infection, was not reduced in the F2 treated grapevines. Nevertheless, the F2 treated grapevines harbored higher lignin levels compared to mocks, as it was also done by K165. Therefore, F2 and K165 have the potential to be used as biocontrol agents against Pch in grapevines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grapevine Responses to Environmental Challenges)
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Review

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15 pages, 8744 KiB  
Review
Towards a Better Understanding of the Potential Benefits of Seaweed Based Biostimulants in Vitis vinifera L. Cultivars
by Liam Jay Samuels, Mathabatha Evodia Setati and Erna Hailey Blancquaert
Plants 2022, 11(3), 348; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030348 - 27 Jan 2022
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4568
Abstract
Globally, 7.4 million hectares of arable land is planted with grapevine with a farm gate value of $68.3 billion. The production of grapes faces growing pressure associated with challenges such as climate change, diminishing resources as well as the overuse of chemical fertilizers [...] Read more.
Globally, 7.4 million hectares of arable land is planted with grapevine with a farm gate value of $68.3 billion. The production of grapes faces growing pressure associated with challenges such as climate change, diminishing resources as well as the overuse of chemical fertilizers and synthetic pesticides, which have an impact on sustainability. Consequently, viticulture has over the years embraced and implemented various practices such integrated pest management, organic and biodynamic farming to curb the high chemical inputs typically used in conventional farming. Biostimulants and biofertilizers are considered environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternatives to synthetic fertilizers and plant growth regulators. Seaweed is of particular interest because of its availability globally. It was reported that brown seaweed (Ascophyllum spp.) improves plant growth and agricultural productivity, hormonal signalling, and an improved secondary plant metabolism. It also provides an alternative to soil supplementation, avoiding some of the negative effects of fertilizers through the leaching of nutrients into groundwater sources. This review aims to provide a summary of the use of seaweed extracts in grape production and their influence on grapevine physiology and stress adaptation mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grapevine Responses to Environmental Challenges)
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15 pages, 2945 KiB  
Review
Grapevine Responses to Heat Stress and Global Warming
by Xenophon Venios, Elias Korkas, Aspasia Nisiotou and Georgios Banilas
Plants 2020, 9(12), 1754; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9121754 - 11 Dec 2020
Cited by 108 | Viewed by 12352
Abstract
The potential effects of the forthcoming climate change include the rising of the average annual temperature and the accumulation of extreme weather events, like frequent and severe heatwaves, a phenomenon known as global warming. Temperature is an important environmental factor affecting almost all [...] Read more.
The potential effects of the forthcoming climate change include the rising of the average annual temperature and the accumulation of extreme weather events, like frequent and severe heatwaves, a phenomenon known as global warming. Temperature is an important environmental factor affecting almost all aspects of growth and development in plants. The grapevine (Vitis spp.) is quite sensitive to extreme temperatures. Over the current century, temperatures are projected to continue rising with negative impacts on viticulture. These consequences range from short-term effects on wine quality to long-term issues such as the suitability of certain varieties and the sustainability of viticulture in traditional wine regions. Many viticultural zones, particularly in Mediterranean climate regions, may not be suitable for growing winegrapes in the near future unless we develop heat-stress-adapted genotypes or identify and exploit stress-tolerant germplasm. Grapevines, like other plants, have developed strategies to maintain homeostasis and cope with high-temperature stress. These mechanisms include physiological adaptations and activation of signaling pathways and gene regulatory networks governing heat stress response and acquisition of thermotolerance. Here, we review the major impacts of global warming on grape phenology and viticulture and focus on the physiological and molecular responses of the grapevine to heat stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grapevine Responses to Environmental Challenges)
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