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Plants
Special Issues
Plant Flavonoids and Their Derivatives
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Plant Flavonoids and Their Derivatives

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Phytochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2020) | Viewed by 12114

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Tsukasa Iwashina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan
Interests: flavonoids; natural products; anthocyanins; flower colors; flavonoid function
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Flavonoid is general name of the compounds that form a fifteen-carbon skeleton, which consists of two phenyl rings connected by a three-carbon bridge. They are divided into several classes, i.e., anthocyanins, flavonols, flavones, isoflavonoids, flavanones, dihydroflavonols, chalcones, aurones, dihydrochalcones, flavan, proanthocyanidins, etc. Moreover, numerous sorts of flavonoids occur in plants with an additional hydroxyl, methoxyl, methyl, methylenedioxyl, and/or glycosyl substitution pattern. Additionally, aromatic, aliphatic, sulfate, and prenyl groups also attach to flavonoid nucleus and their glycosides. They are basically synthesized by vascular plants and mosses and are present in leaves, flowers, roots, stems, and seeds. Thus, ca. 10,000 kinds have been reported from plants as natural compounds. Moreover, they act as antioxidants, UV shields, flower pigments, phytoalexins, allelopathy, oviposition stimulants, etc. However, although ca. 300,000 kinds of vascular plants are known in the world, reports of flavonoids are comparatively meager. In this issue, we invite manuscripts on flavonoids and related compounds as natural compounds, and their function in plants.

Dr. Tsukasa Iwashina
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • flavonoids
  • anthocyanins
  • chemical adaptation
  • natural resources
  • flower color
  • chemotaxonomy
  • function

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1652 KiB  
Communication
HPLC–PDA Polyphenolic Quantification, UHPLC–MS Secondary Metabolite Composition, and In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition Potential of Bougainvillea glabra
by Hammad Saleem, Thet Thet Htar, Rakesh Naidu, Sirajudheen Anwar, Gokhan Zengin, Marcello Locatelli and Nafees Ahemad
Plants 2020, 9(3), 388; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9030388 - 20 Mar 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4193
Abstract
The plants of the Bougainvillea genus are widely explored regarding nutritive and medicinal purposes. In this study, dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH) extracts of Bougainvillea glabra (Choisy.) aerial and flower parts were analyzed for high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC–PDA), ultra-high-performance [...] Read more.
The plants of the Bougainvillea genus are widely explored regarding nutritive and medicinal purposes. In this study, dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH) extracts of Bougainvillea glabra (Choisy.) aerial and flower parts were analyzed for high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC–PDA), ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS) phytochemical composition, and enzyme inhibition potential against key enzymes involved in diabetes (α-amylase), skin problems (tyrosinase), and inflammatory disorders (lipoxygenase (LOX)). HPLC–PDA quantification revealed the identification of nine different polyphenolics, amongst which both flower extracts were richest. The flower MeOH extract contained the highest amount of catechin (6.31 μg/g), gallic acid (2.39 μg/g), and rutin (1.26 μg/g). However, none of the quantified compounds were detected in the aerial DCM extract. UHPLC–MS analysis of DCM extracts revealed the tentative identification of 27 secondary metabolites, where the most common belonged to terpenoid, alkaloid, and phenolic derivatives. Similarly, for enzyme inhibition, all the extracts presented moderate activity against tyrosinase and α-amylases, whereas, for LOX, both methanolic extracts showed higher percentage inhibition compared with DCM extracts. Based on our findings, B. glabra could be regarded as a perspective starting material for designing novel pharmaceuticals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Flavonoids and Their Derivatives)
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15 pages, 2917 KiB  
Article
Anthocyanin in the Vacuole of Red Onion Epidermal Cells Quenches Other Fluorescent Molecules
by David A. Collings
Plants 2019, 8(12), 596; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8120596 - 12 Dec 2019
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 7531
Abstract
Peels from the inner epidermis of onion bulbs are a model system in plant cell biology. While the inner epidermis of red onions is characteristically white, small patches of cells sometimes redden, containing vacuolar anthocyanin. This study investigated the spectroscopic properties of these [...] Read more.
Peels from the inner epidermis of onion bulbs are a model system in plant cell biology. While the inner epidermis of red onions is characteristically white, small patches of cells sometimes redden, containing vacuolar anthocyanin. This study investigated the spectroscopic properties of these anthocyanic cells. When fluorescent dyes were loaded into the vacuole of onion epidermal cells, the anthocyanic cells showed decreased dye fluorescence. This decrease was observed for fluorescein and carboxyfluorescein that are pumped into the vacuole by anion transporters, for acridine orange which acid loads into the vacuole, and for the fluorescent sugar analogue esculin loaded into the vacuole by sucrose transporters. Similar decreases in carboxyfluorescein fluorescence were observed when dye was loaded into the vacuoles of several other plant species, but decreases were not observed for dyes resident in the tonoplast membrane. As cellular physiology was unaffected in the anthocyanic cells, with cytoplasmic streaming, vacuolar and cytoplasmic pH not being altered, the decreased dye fluorescence from the anthocyanic cells can be attributed to fluorescence quenching. Furthermore, because quenching decreased with increasing temperature. It was concluded, therefore, that vacuolar anthocyanin can statically quench other fluorescent molecules in vivo, an effect previously demonstrated for anthocyanin in vitro. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Flavonoids and Their Derivatives)
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