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Physiological/Biochemical Responses to Abiotic Stress in Horticultural and Ornamental Plants
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Physiological/Biochemical Responses to Abiotic Stress in Horticultural and Ornamental Plants

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Horticultural Science and Ornamental Plants".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2022) | Viewed by 11639

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Anastasia E. Giannakoula

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Agriculture, International Hellenic University, 54700 Sindos, Greece
Interests: abiotic stress; nutrient absorption; photosynthetic rate; plant stress
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Abiotic stress such as heat, cold, drought, salinity, ultraviolet radiation, and heavy metals largely influences plant development and crop productivity. Abiotic stress has also been becoming a major threat to food chain due to the constant changes of climate and deterioration of the environment. To cope with abiotic stress, plants can initiate a number of molecular, cellular, and physiological changes to respond and adapt to such stresses.

Plants have developed several strategies to overcome abiotic stress, adopting either a mechanism which will allow them to survive the adverse conditions or specific growth habits to avoid stress conditions.

As a consequence, many plants, especially tolerant species, distinguish abiotic stress and elicit an appropriate response with altered metabolism, growth, and development At the molecular level, abiotic stress tolerance can be achieved through gene transfer by altering the accumulation of osmoprotectants and production of superoxide radical scavenging mechanisms.

Prof. Dr. Anastasia E. Giannakoula
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • drought
  • heavy metals
  • osmoprotectants
  • mechanisms
  • climate changes
  • heat stress
  • strategies

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 3144 KiB  
Article
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Mediated Alleviation of Drought Stress via Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants: A Meta-Analysis
by Murugesan Chandrasekaran
Plants 2022, 11(19), 2448; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11192448 - 20 Sep 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1708
Abstract
Drought stress constrains plant cell metabolism and induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In response to drought stress, plants induce a series of physiological and biochemical changes, scavenging ROS. Among soil microbes, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are found to be effective [...] Read more.
Drought stress constrains plant cell metabolism and induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In response to drought stress, plants induce a series of physiological and biochemical changes, scavenging ROS. Among soil microbes, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are found to be effective ameliorators of ROS under drought-stress conditions. However, the comprehensive roles of the oxidative stress ameliorators mediated by AMF in alleviating drought stress are not studied in detail. The present study aims to determine the oxidative stress ameliorators using meta-analysis highlighting AMF inoculation efficacy on drought stress alleviation. The results confirmed that AMF inoculation had a significant reduction in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and electrolyte leakage (EL). Nevertheless, proline accumulation was found to have a non-significant correlation with AMF inoculation. Further, carotenoids and soluble sugars increased positively in AMF-inoculated plants under drought stress and there was a subsequent reduction of abscisic acid (ABA). The results of the meta-analysis reveal the benefits of AMF inoculation with reduced H2O2 levels leading to reduced lipid peroxidation (MDA) and increased membrane stability (EL). Thus, the present assessment reveals the sequence of events involved in eliciting drought stress alleviation due to AMF inoculation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological/Biochemical Responses to Abiotic Stress in Horticultural and Ornamental Plants)
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21 pages, 2415 KiB  
Article
Seasonal Variation of Aromatic Plants under Cultivation Conditions
by Michalis K. Stefanakis, Charikleia Papaioannou, Vaia Lianopoulou, Eleni Philotheou-Panou, Anastasia E. Giannakoula and Diamanto M. Lazari
Plants 2022, 11(16), 2083; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11162083 - 09 Aug 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2002
Abstract
In this study, five plant species, members of the Lamiaceae family, namely Salvia officinalis L., Salvia rosmarinus Spenn, Mentha × piperita L., Mentha spicata L. and Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart, were studied for the influence of harvesting time on the herb [...] Read more.
In this study, five plant species, members of the Lamiaceae family, namely Salvia officinalis L., Salvia rosmarinus Spenn, Mentha × piperita L., Mentha spicata L. and Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart, were studied for the influence of harvesting time on the herb crop yield, the volatile compounds (EOs) content/yield and their chemical composition. EOs were isolated by means of hydro-distillation from different plant parts at different growth stages. Their components were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The highest yields of EOs were obtained at the full flowering stage and important changes were observed in their composition. The fluctuations in the percentage composition of the major compounds in the EOs, throughout harvesting time, were observed at camphor/α-thujone for S. officinalis, camphor/1,8-cineole for S. rosmarinus, linalool/linalyl acetate and carvone/limonene for M. × piperita and M. spicata, respectively. The chemotype of O. vulgare subsp. hirtum was identified as carvacrol. The optimization of harvesting time could lead to increased crop production and better EOs quality control, with numerous industrial benefits upon the commercial production of such products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological/Biochemical Responses to Abiotic Stress in Horticultural and Ornamental Plants)
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23 pages, 5439 KiB  
Article
Unravelling the Effect of Triacontanol in Combating Drought Stress by Improving Growth, Productivity, and Physiological Performance in Strawberry Plants
by Hossam S. El-Beltagi, Shadia A. Ismail, Nadia M. Ibrahim, Wael F. Shehata, Abdulmalik A. Alkhateeb, Hesham S. Ghazzawy, Mohamed M. El-Mogy and Eman G. Sayed
Plants 2022, 11(15), 1913; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11151913 - 24 Jul 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2008
Abstract
To explore the effects of triacontanol (TR) on drought tolerance of strawberry plants (cv Fertona), two field experiments were carried out to study the effects of three supplementary foliar TR rates (0, 0.5, and 1 ppm) under the following three levels of water [...] Read more.
To explore the effects of triacontanol (TR) on drought tolerance of strawberry plants (cv Fertona), two field experiments were carried out to study the effects of three supplementary foliar TR rates (0, 0.5, and 1 ppm) under the following three levels of water irrigation: 11 m3/hectare (40% of water holding capacity (WHC) severe as a drought treatment, 22 m3/hectare (80% of WHC) as moderate drought stress, and normal irrigation with 27 m3/hectare (100% of WHC) server as a control treatment. TR treatments were applied five times after 30 days from transplanting and with 15-day intervals. The results showed that drought stress (40% and 80%) markedly decreased the growth, fruit yield, and chlorophyll reading, as well as the gas exchange parameters (net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate). Meanwhile, drought stress at a high rate obviously increased antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), and catalase (CAT) contents in the leaves of the strawberry plants. The moderate and high drought stress rates enhanced some strawberry fruit quality parameters such as total soluble solids (TSS), vitamin C, and anthocyanin content compared to the control. Additionally, TR increased the activities of SOD, POX, and CAT. TR treatment significantly increased the chlorophyll contents, gas exchange parameters (photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance), and water use efficiency (WUE). Plant height, fruit weight, and total biomass were increased also via TR application. Total yield per plant was increased 12.7% using 1 ppm of TR compared with the control. In conclusion, our results suggested that TR application could relieve the adverse effects of drought stress on the growth of strawberry plants by enhancing the antioxidant enzymes, photosynthesis rate, and WUE of the leaves. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological/Biochemical Responses to Abiotic Stress in Horticultural and Ornamental Plants)
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16 pages, 4124 KiB  
Article
Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid to Mitigate Water Stress in Tomato
by Eduardo Santana Aires, Andrew Kim Lopes Ferraz, Beatriz Lívero Carvalho, Fabricio Palla Teixeira, Fernando Ferrari Putti, Emanuele Possas de Souza, João Domingos Rodrigues and Elizabeth Orika Ono
Plants 2022, 11(13), 1775; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11131775 - 05 Jul 2022
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3521
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is an important plant regulator reported as a mitigator of water deficit in plants, however without a recommendation for use in field conditions. Thus, this research aims to validate the use of SA under field conditions in regions with low [...] Read more.
Salicylic acid (SA) is an important plant regulator reported as a mitigator of water deficit in plants, however without a recommendation for use in field conditions. Thus, this research aims to validate the use of SA under field conditions in regions with low water availability. For that, we evaluated CO2 assimilation (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), water use efficiency (WUE), and carboxylation efficiency (A/Ci) at 15, 30, and 45 days of continuous stress water deficit, as well as the application of salicylic acid (0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 mM) in tomato plants subjected to continuous water deficit (45 days), in two years (2019 and 2020). The water deficit reduced the A, gs, E and A/Ci, while the foliar application of SA increased these parameters in all evaluated times, resulting in similar or even higher values than in plants without water deficit. Water deficit caused floral abortion in tomato plants, without the application of SA, reducing the number of fruit production. In contrast, plants that received about 1.3 mM of SA increased A and A/Ci and translocated the photo-assimilates, mainly to flowers and fruits, reducing floral abortion and increasing fruit production. Thus, foliar application of SA was efficient in mitigating the deleterious effects of water deficit in tomato plants regarding the gas exchange and fruit production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological/Biochemical Responses to Abiotic Stress in Horticultural and Ornamental Plants)
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15 pages, 3608 KiB  
Article
Foliar Spraying with Potassium Bicarbonate Reduces the Negative Impact of Drought Stress on Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
by Natalija Burbulis, Aušra Blinstrubienė, Aldona Baltušnikienė and Justina Deveikytė
Plants 2022, 11(13), 1716; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11131716 - 28 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1686
Abstract
In recent years, special attention has been paid to climate change assessment and research into our changing environment. The greatest economic losses worldwide are due to the negative effects of drought stress and extreme temperature on the plants’ morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties [...] Read more.
In recent years, special attention has been paid to climate change assessment and research into our changing environment. The greatest economic losses worldwide are due to the negative effects of drought stress and extreme temperature on the plants’ morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties which limit crop growth and productivity. Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is one of the most popular plants widely grown around the world as a spice, as well a medicinal, aromatic plant. The seedlings with 5–6 true leaves were divided into two groups, and one group of seedlings was sprayed with 10 mM potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3). Three days after potassium bicarbonate treatment, half of the plants from each group were subjected to a water deficit (drought stress), and the other half were grown under stress-free conditions (well-watered). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) on morphophysiological parameters, phenolics content and the antioxidant activity of basil under drought conditions. The application of potassium bicarbonate to drought stressed plants significantly increased the chlorophyll content, fresh and dry weight, phenolics content in the two of tested cultivars, and antioxidant activity, determined by DPPH and ABTS methods. Principal component analysis showed that the first factor was highly and positively related to all the investigated parameters. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the first cluster was formed by being well-watered, well-watered and sprayed with potassium bicarbonate, and grown under drought conditions and sprayed with potassium bicarbonate basil cultivars, while the second cluster was formed by all the tested cultivars grown under drought conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological/Biochemical Responses to Abiotic Stress in Horticultural and Ornamental Plants)
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