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Volatile Compounds Emitted by Flowers: Extraction, Identification, and Application
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Volatile Compounds Emitted by Flowers: Extraction, Identification, and Application

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Horticultural Science and Ornamental Plants".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2024) | Viewed by 6752

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Patrick Meffre

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
UPR CHROME, Université de Nîmes, CEDEX 1, F-30021 Nîmes, France
Interests: volatile compounds; flowers; HS-SPME/GC-MS; organic; synthesis; synthesis of medicinal compounds; organic chemistry; chirality; organic chemistry synthesis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Numerous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with a large chemical diversity are emitted by plant flowers. They play an important role in the ecology of plants, such as pollination, defense, adaptation to their environment, and communication with other organisms.

A wide variety of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are produced and emitted by plants, especially in organs such as flowers, leaves, fruits, and roots. More than 1700 volatile compounds have been identified and can be classified in the following categories: terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, fatty acid and amino acid derivatives, various compounds containing sulfur, as well as furanocoumarins and their derivatives. The volatile compounds emitted by flowers (scented or unscented) generally have a low molecular weight and differ significantly according to the species studied. They play an important role in attracting pollinators, in defense against herbivores, in adaptation to environmental stress, and in communication between flowering plants. Floral scent therefore not only has a role in several eco-physiological processes, but also enhances the aesthetic character of ornamental plants and is widely used in the perfume and fragrance industry, in the food industry, and in cosmetics. For all these reasons, the number of scientific studies carried out on floral scents has increased in recent years, motivated by the discovery of new notes useful in perfumery and by the deepening of knowledge in plant physiology.

This Special Issue of Plants will highlight the isolation/extraction methods, chemical diversity of plant volatiles emitted by flowers in plants, and applications including their role in the interactions of plants with their environment.

Prof. Dr. Patrick Meffre
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
  • flowers
  • isolation methods
  • chemical diversity
  • plant-environment interactions
  • plant ecology

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 2582 KiB  
Article
Volatile Constituents from Catasetum (Orchidaceae) Species with Occurrence in the Brazilian Amazon
by Franciléia M. de Vasconcelos, Eloisa Helena A. Andrade, Luiz Otávio A. Teixeira, Pablo Luis B. Figueiredo and José Guilherme S. Maia
Plants 2023, 12(4), 703; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12040703 - 05 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1481
Abstract
Background: Catasetum Rich. ex Kunth is a genus of Neotropical orchids distributed in Central and South American regions. In the Brazilian Amazon, there are more than 60 species of Catasetum. The floral aromas of orchids are little known, particularly of Catasetum species. [...] Read more.
Background: Catasetum Rich. ex Kunth is a genus of Neotropical orchids distributed in Central and South American regions. In the Brazilian Amazon, there are more than 60 species of Catasetum. The floral aromas of orchids are little known, particularly of Catasetum species. This work aimed to analyze the chemical constituents of the volatile concentrates of eight Catasetum specimens from the Amazon: C. alatum (1), C. albovirens (2), C. barbatum (1), C. ciliatum (2), C. galeritum (1), and C. gnomus (1). Methods: Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyzed and identified the constituents of the volatile concentrates, and principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used in the multivariate statistical analysis. Results: The Catasetum main constituents in descending order and above 10% were trans-geranylgeraniol, 1,4-dimethoxybenzene, linalool, 2-phenylethyl acetate, geraniol, 7-epi-1,2-dehydro-sesquicineole, 1,8-cineole, benzyl acetate, limonene, methyl salicylate, (E)-β-farnesene, anisyl butyrate, cis-carvone oxide, cadin-4-en-10-ol, indole, α-pinene, and δ-cadinene. Conclusions: Multivariate statistical analysis of Catasetum species showed that C. barbatum, C. albovirens, and C. gnomus are distinct from the other studied species, while C. alatum, C. ciliatum, and C. galeritum presented the same primary classes of compounds. These results contribute to a better understanding of the genus Catasetum chemotaxonomy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Volatile Compounds Emitted by Flowers: Extraction, Identification, and Application)
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9 pages, 1846 KiB  
Communication
Floral Scent Chemistry and Pollinators of a Sexually Dimorphic Neotropical Orchid
by Paulo Milet-Pinheiro, Carlos E. Pinto, Daniela M. A. F. Navarro, João B. F. Silva, Katharina Brandt and Manfred Ayasse
Plants 2023, 12(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12010017 - 20 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1338
Abstract
Catasetum is a speciose Neotropical orchid genus of which male and female flowers emit scents acting both as attractant and reward for their exclusive pollinators, male orchid bees (Euglossini: Apidae). In Catasetum, it is well known that flowers display a remarkably morphological [...] Read more.
Catasetum is a speciose Neotropical orchid genus of which male and female flowers emit scents acting both as attractant and reward for their exclusive pollinators, male orchid bees (Euglossini: Apidae). In Catasetum, it is well known that flowers display a remarkably morphological sexual dimorphism. However, it remains poorly investigated whether this is also true for floral scents. Here, we investigated the pollination ecology and floral scent traits (chemistry and total emission) of C. maranhense, a species endemic to the Brazilian N/NE region. Males of Euglossa securigera are the only pollinators of C. maranhense. The floral scent of C. maranhense is composed of 29 volatile compounds, with eucalyptol, indole, (E)-Methyl p-methoxycinnamate, and (Z)-Methyl p-methoxycinnamate accounting for more than 80% of the scent bouquet. No sexual dimorphism was detected in any of the traits investigated. We discuss the ecological and evolutionary significance of our findings to Catasetum species and other unisexual perfume plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Volatile Compounds Emitted by Flowers: Extraction, Identification, and Application)
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13 pages, 1044 KiB  
Article
Hydrolats from Humulus lupulus and Their Potential Activity as an Organic Control for Varroa destructor
by Azucena Elizabeth Iglesias, Giselle Fuentes, Giulia Mitton, Facundo Ramos, Constanza Brasesco, Rosa Manzo, Dalila Orallo, Liesel Gende, Martin Eguaras, Cristina Ramirez, Alejandra Fanovich and Matias Maggi
Plants 2022, 11(23), 3329; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11233329 - 01 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1537
Abstract
Varroa destructor is a parasitic mite, which is considered a severe pest for honey bees causing serious losses to beekeeping. Residual hydrolats from steam extraction of hop essential oils, generally considered as a waste product, were tested for their potential use as acaricides [...] Read more.
Varroa destructor is a parasitic mite, which is considered a severe pest for honey bees causing serious losses to beekeeping. Residual hydrolats from steam extraction of hop essential oils, generally considered as a waste product, were tested for their potential use as acaricides on V. destructor. Four hop varieties, namely Cascade, Spalt, Victoria, and Mapuche, showed an interesting performance as feasible products to be used in the beekeeping industry. Some volatile oxidized terpenoids were found in the hydrolats, mainly β-caryophyllene oxide, β-linalool, and isogeraniol. These compounds, together with the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, and saponins, were probably responsible for the promissory LC50 values obtained for mites after hydrolat exposition. Victoria hydrolat was the most toxic for mites (LC50: 16.1 µL/mL), followed by Mapuche (LC50 value equal to 30.1 µL/mL), Spalt (LC50 value equal to 114.3 µL/mL), and finally Cascade (LC50: 117.9 µL/mL). Likewise, Spalt had the highest larval survival, followed by Victoria and Mapuche. Cascade was the variety with the highest larval mortality. In addition, none of the extracts showed mortality higher than 20% in adult bees. The Victoria hydrolat presented the best results, which makes it a good compound with the prospect of an acaricide treatment against V. destructor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Volatile Compounds Emitted by Flowers: Extraction, Identification, and Application)
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Review

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15 pages, 2311 KiB  
Review
Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Flowers: Ecological Roles, Production by Plants, Extraction, and Identification
by Mame-Marietou Lo, Zohra Benfodda, Roland Molinié and Patrick Meffre
Plants 2024, 13(3), 417; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13030417 - 31 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1345
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with a large chemical diversity are emitted by plant flowers. These compounds play an important role in the ecology of plants. This review presents the different ecological roles of VOCs present in the odor plumes of plant flowers, such [...] Read more.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with a large chemical diversity are emitted by plant flowers. These compounds play an important role in the ecology of plants. This review presents the different ecological roles of VOCs present in the odor plumes of plant flowers, such as pollination, defense, adaptation to their environment, and communication with other organisms. The production and accumulation sites of VOCs in plants with their spatial and temporal variations, including environmental issues, are also summarized. To evaluate the qualitative and quantitative chemical composition of VOCs, several methods of extraction and analysis were used. Headspace (HS) sampling coupled with solid phase microextraction (SPME) is now well-developed for the extraction process. Parameters are known, and several fibers are now available to optimize this extraction. Most of the time, SPME is coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the structural identification of the VOCs, paying attention to the use of several complementary methods for identification like the use of databases, retention indices, and, when available, comparison with authentic standards analyses. The development of the knowledge on VOCs emitted by flowers is of great importance for plant ecology in the context of environmental and climate changes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Volatile Compounds Emitted by Flowers: Extraction, Identification, and Application)
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