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Plants
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Germplasm Resources and Soybean Breeding
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Germplasm Resources and Soybean Breeding

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Genetics, Genomics and Biotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2022) | Viewed by 18972

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Tuanjie Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Interests: plant genetic resources and diversity; molecular breeding; adaptation to abiotic stress
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Benjamin Karikari

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Consumer Sciences, University for Development Studies, P. O. Box TL, Tamale 1882, Ghana
Interests: germplasm characterisation and utilization; crop improvement; crop genetics and breeding
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Soybean germplasm resources include new varieties/breeding lines, genetic stocks, ancient landraces, and wild species of the Glycine genus, and their genetic variation is the material basis for trait improvement and variety development. In the past decades, great advances in germplasm research at both population and individual levels have been achieved along with the availability of the soybean genome sequence and other new techniques, and more inputs are necessary to enhance the basic and applied research on soybean genetic resources. This Special Issue of Plants will cover various aspects of soybean germplasm studies: (1) collection, preservation, and utilization of soybean germplasm; (2) evaluation and broadening of genetic diversity; (3) characterization of elite germplasm with ideal target traits; (4) gene identification and allele mining for molecular breeding; and (5) new techniques and their utilization in germplasm enhancement and variety development.

Prof. Dr. Tuanjie Zhao
Dr. Benjamin Karikari
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • soybean
  • genetic diversity
  • molecular marker
  • gene function
  • germplasm enhancement

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 1558 KiB  
Article
Origin, Maturity Group and Seed Coat Color Influence Carotenoid and Chlorophyll Concentrations in Soybean Seeds
by Berhane Sibhatu Gebregziabher, Shengrui Zhang, Suprio Ghosh, Abdulwahab S. Shaibu, Muhammad Azam, Ahmed M. Abdelghany, Jie Qi, Kwadwo G. Agyenim-Boateng, Honey T. P. Htway, Yue Feng, Caiyou Ma, Yecheng Li, Jing Li, Bin Li, Lijuan Qiu and Junming Sun
Plants 2022, 11(7), 848; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11070848 - 23 Mar 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2593
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) seeds are abundant in physiologically active metabolites, including carotenoids and chlorophylls, and are used as an affordable source of functional foods that promote and maintain human health. The distribution and variation of soybean seed metabolites are influenced [...] Read more.
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) seeds are abundant in physiologically active metabolites, including carotenoids and chlorophylls, and are used as an affordable source of functional foods that promote and maintain human health. The distribution and variation of soybean seed metabolites are influenced by plant genetic characteristics and environmental factors. Here, we investigated the effects of germplasm origin, genotype, seed coat color and maturity group (MG) on the concentration variation of carotenoid and chlorophyll components in 408 soybean germplasm accessions collected from China, Japan, the USA and Russia. The results showed that genotype, germplasm origin, seed color, and MG were significant variation sources of carotenoid and chlorophyll contents in soybean seeds. The total carotenoids showed about a 25-fold variation among the soybean germplasms, with an overall mean of 12.04 µg g−1. Russian soybeans yielded 1.3-fold higher total carotenoids compared with Chinese and Japanese soybeans. Similarly, the total chlorophylls were substantially increased in Russian soybeans compared to the others. Soybeans with black seed coat color contained abundant concentrations of carotenoids, with mainly lutein (19.98 µg g−1), β-carotene (0.64 µg g−1) and total carotenoids (21.04 µg g−1). Concentrations of lutein, total carotenoids and chlorophylls generally decreased in late MG soybeans. Overall, our results demonstrate that soybean is an excellent dietary source of carotenoids, which strongly depend on genetic factors, germplasm origin, MG and seed coat color. Thus, this study suggests that soybean breeders should consider these factors along with environmental factors in developing carotenoid-rich cultivars and related functional food resources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Germplasm Resources and Soybean Breeding)
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14 pages, 3557 KiB  
Article
Development and Application of an In Vitro Method to Evaluate Anthracnose Resistance in Soybean Germplasm
by Longming Zhu, Lele Feng, Xiaomin Yu, Xujun Fu, Qinghua Yang, Hangxia Jin and Fengjie Yuan
Plants 2022, 11(5), 657; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11050657 - 28 Feb 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1703
Abstract
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum truncatum is a major fungal disease of soybean, especially vegetable soybean (edamame). Studies of this disease have mainly focused on resistance evaluation, but the primary methods used—in vivo inoculation of pods or plants under greenhouse or field conditions—have limitations [...] Read more.
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum truncatum is a major fungal disease of soybean, especially vegetable soybean (edamame). Studies of this disease have mainly focused on resistance evaluation, but the primary methods used—in vivo inoculation of pods or plants under greenhouse or field conditions—have limitations with respect to accuracy, stability, scale, and environmental safety. In this study, we developed a method for inoculating pods in vitro by soaking in a mycelial suspension. We optimized the crucial components, including the mycelial suspension concentration (40 to 60 mg mL−1), the maturity of the sampled pods (15 days after flowering), and the post-inoculation incubation period (5 days). Application of the mycelial suspension by soaking rather than spraying improved the efficiency of inoculation and made large-scale evaluation possible. Using this method, we evaluated 589 soybean germplasm resources (275 cultivars, 233 landraces, and 81 wild accessions). We identified 25 highly resistant cultivars, 11 highly resistant landraces, but only one highly resistant wild accession. Our results will aid future research on soybean anthracnose resistance, including gene discovery, the elucidation of molecular mechanisms, and the breeding of resistant cultivars. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Germplasm Resources and Soybean Breeding)
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16 pages, 1501 KiB  
Article
Natural Variation of Seed Tocopherol Composition in Diverse World Soybean Accessions from Maturity Group 0 to VI Grown in China
by Suprio Ghosh, Shengrui Zhang, Muhammad Azam, Berhane S. Gebregziabher, Ahmed M. Abdelghany, Abdulwahab S. Shaibu, Jie Qi, Yue Feng, Kwadwo Gyapong Agyenim-Boateng, Yitian Liu, Huoyi Feng, Yecheng Li, Jing Li, Bin Li and Junming Sun
Plants 2022, 11(2), 206; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11020206 - 13 Jan 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1780
Abstract
Tocopherols are natural antioxidants that increase the stability of fat-containing foods and are well known for their health benefits. To investigate the variation in seed tocopherol composition of soybeans from different origins, 493 soybean accessions from different countries (China, USA, Japan, and Russia) [...] Read more.
Tocopherols are natural antioxidants that increase the stability of fat-containing foods and are well known for their health benefits. To investigate the variation in seed tocopherol composition of soybeans from different origins, 493 soybean accessions from different countries (China, USA, Japan, and Russia) belonging to 7 maturity groups (MG 0–VI) were grown in 2 locations (Beijing and Hainan Provinces of China) for 2 years (2017 and 2018). The results showed that significant differences (p < 0.001) were observed among the accessions and origins for individual and total tocopherol contents. The total tocopherol content ranged from 118.92 μg g−1 to 344.02 μg g−1. Accessions from the USA had the highest average concentration of γ- and total tocopherols (152.92 and 238.21 μg g−1, respectively), whereas a higher level of α-tocopherol (12.82 μg g−1) was observed in the Russian accessions. The maturity group of the accession significantly (p < 0.001) influenced all tocopherol components, and higher levels of α-, γ-, and total tocopherols were observed in early maturing accessions, while late-maturing accessions exhibited higher levels of δ-tocopherol. The inclination of tocopherol concentrations with various MGs provided further evidence of the significance of MG in soybean breeding for seed tocopherol components. Furthermore, the correlation between the seed tocopherol components and geographical factors revealed that α-, γ-, and total tocopherols had significant positive correlations with latitude, while δ-tocopherol showed an opposite trend. The elite accessions with high and stable tocopherol concentrations determined could be used to develop functional foods, industrial materials, and breeding lines to improve tocopherol composition in soybean seeds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Germplasm Resources and Soybean Breeding)
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13 pages, 6518 KiB  
Article
Assessment of the Genetic Structure and Diversity of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Germplasm Using Diversity Array Technology and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers
by Abdulwahab S. Shaibu, Hassan Ibrahim, Zainab L. Miko, Ibrahim B. Mohammed, Sanusi G. Mohammed, Hauwa L. Yusuf, Alpha Y. Kamara, Lucky O. Omoigui and Benjamin Karikari
Plants 2022, 11(1), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11010068 - 26 Dec 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2984
Abstract
Knowledge of the genetic structure and diversity of germplasm collections is crucial for sustainable genetic improvement through hybridization programs and rapid adaptation to changing breeding objectives. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity and population structure of 281 International [...] Read more.
Knowledge of the genetic structure and diversity of germplasm collections is crucial for sustainable genetic improvement through hybridization programs and rapid adaptation to changing breeding objectives. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity and population structure of 281 International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) soybean accessions using diversity array technology (DArT) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for the efficient utilization of these accessions. From the results, the SNP and DArT markers were well distributed across the 20 soybean chromosomes. The cluster and principal component analyses revealed the genetic diversity among the 281 accessions by grouping them into two stratifications, a grouping that was also evident from the population structure analysis, which divided the 281 accessions into two distinct groups. The analysis of molecular variance revealed that 97% and 98% of the genetic variances using SNP and DArT markers, respectively, were within the population. Genetic diversity indices such as Shannon’s diversity index, diversity and unbiased diversity revealed the diversity among the different populations of the soybean accessions. The SNP and DArT markers used provided similar information on the structure, diversity and polymorphism of the accessions, which indicates the applicability of the DArT marker in genetic diversity studies. Our study provides information about the genetic structure and diversity of the IITA soybean accessions that will allow for the efficient utilization of these accessions in soybean improvement programs, especially in Africa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Germplasm Resources and Soybean Breeding)
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9 pages, 7679 KiB  
Article
Genome-Wide Variation Analysis of Four Vegetable Soybean Cultivars Based on Re-Sequencing
by Xiaomin Yu, Xujun Fu, Qinghua Yang, Hangxia Jin, Longming Zhu and Fengjie Yuan
Plants 2022, 11(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11010028 - 23 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2668
Abstract
Vegetable soybean is a type of value-added specialty soybean, served as a fresh vegetable or snack in China. Due to the difference from other types, it is important to understand the genetic structure and diversity of vegetable soybean for further utilization in breeding [...] Read more.
Vegetable soybean is a type of value-added specialty soybean, served as a fresh vegetable or snack in China. Due to the difference from other types, it is important to understand the genetic structure and diversity of vegetable soybean for further utilization in breeding programs. The four vegetable cultivars, Taiwan-75, Zhexiandou No. 8, Zhexian No. 9 and Zhexian No. 10 are popular soybean varieties planted in Zhejiang province, and have large pods and intermediate maturity. The clustering showed a close relationship of these four cultivars in simple sequence repeat analysis. To reveal the genome variation of vegetable soybean, these four improved lines were analyzed by whole-genome re-sequencing. The average sequencing depth was 7X and the coverage ratio of each cultivar was at least more than 94%. Compared with the reference genome, a large number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms, insertion/deletions and structure variations were identified with different chromosome distributions. The average heterozygosity rate of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms was 11.99% of these four cultivars. According to the enrichment analysis, there were 23,371 genes identified with putative modifications, and a total of 282 genes were related to carbohydrate metabolic processes. These results provide useful information for genetic research and future breeding, which can facilitate the selection procedures in vegetable soybean breeding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Germplasm Resources and Soybean Breeding)
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Review

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24 pages, 475 KiB  
Review
Molecular Breeding to Overcome Biotic Stresses in Soybean: Update
by Niraj Tripathi, Manoj Kumar Tripathi, Sushma Tiwari and Devendra K. Payasi
Plants 2022, 11(15), 1967; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11151967 - 28 Jul 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2682
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important leguminous crop and biotic stresses are a global concern for soybean growers. In recent decades, significant development has been carried outtowards identification of the diseases caused by pathogens, sources of resistance and determination of [...] Read more.
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important leguminous crop and biotic stresses are a global concern for soybean growers. In recent decades, significant development has been carried outtowards identification of the diseases caused by pathogens, sources of resistance and determination of loci conferring resistance to different diseases on linkage maps of soybean. Host-plant resistance is generally accepted as the bestsolution because of its role in the management of environmental and economic conditions of farmers owing to low input in terms of chemicals. The main objectives of soybean crop improvement are based on the identification of sources of resistance or tolerance against various biotic as well as abiotic stresses and utilization of these sources for further hybridization and transgenic processes for development of new cultivars for stress management. The focus of the present review is to summarize genetic aspects of various diseases caused by pathogens in soybean and molecular breeding research work conducted to date. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Germplasm Resources and Soybean Breeding)
15 pages, 709 KiB  
Review
Genetic and Genomic Resources for Soybean Breeding Research
by Jakob Petereit, Jacob I. Marsh, Philipp E. Bayer, Monica F. Danilevicz, William J. W. Thomas, Jacqueline Batley and David Edwards
Plants 2022, 11(9), 1181; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11091181 - 27 Apr 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2649
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is a legume species of significant economic and nutritional value. The yield of soybean continues to increase with the breeding of improved varieties, and this is likely to continue with the application of advanced genetic and genomic approaches [...] Read more.
Soybean (Glycine max) is a legume species of significant economic and nutritional value. The yield of soybean continues to increase with the breeding of improved varieties, and this is likely to continue with the application of advanced genetic and genomic approaches for breeding. Genome technologies continue to advance rapidly, with an increasing number of high-quality genome assemblies becoming available. With accumulating data from marker arrays and whole-genome resequencing, studying variations between individuals and populations is becoming increasingly accessible. Furthermore, the recent development of soybean pangenomes has highlighted the significant structural variation between individuals, together with knowledge of what has been selected for or lost during domestication and breeding, information that can be applied for the breeding of improved cultivars. Because of this, resources such as genome assemblies, SNP datasets, pangenomes and associated databases are becoming increasingly important for research underlying soybean crop improvement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Germplasm Resources and Soybean Breeding)
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