Plant Hormone Signaling Regulation and Metabolites in Fruits

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Physiology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 9346

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Talca, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
Interests: plant hormones; fruit ripening; jasmonates; anthocyanin biosynthesis; transcription factors

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Guest Editor
Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables-CREAS, Avenida Universidad 330, Campus PUCV Curauma, sector Placilla, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
Interests: plant hormones; ethylene; auxins; abscisic acid; calcium; fruit ripening; plant signaling; food science

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plant hormones (phytohormones) are an interesting group of molecules that govern plant developmental programs and molecular mechanisms to face biotic and abiotic stresses. Phytohormone-related actions involve perception, signal transduction, and response, including the participation of diverse molecular components with new players that have recently been identified and characterized. Fleshy fruit development and ripening is a particular plant program where phytohormones command several processes involving the regulation of the expression of key transcription factors related to primary and secondary metabolism, which leads to biochemical changes (e.g., cell wall modification) and the accumulation of compounds of interest for fruit quality (sugars, organic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, fatty acids, and esters, among others). The exogenous application of plant hormones or related compounds has been demonstrated to be an effective trigger for the accumulation of specific metabolites at fruit ripening and postharvest. Data from several transcriptomic analyses suggest a coordinated role of different phytohormones during fruit development and ripening. Nevertheless, many relationships between plant hormones, transcription factors, and metabolite biosynthesis remain to be characterized involving phytohormone crosstalk that determines the development, ripening, and final quality of both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. Therefore, this Special Issue of Plants will highlight the plant hormone signaling and metabolite accumulation in fruits, considering the connection between molecular, biochemical, and metabolic levels and their impact on fruit quality.

Prof. Dr. Carlos R. Figueroa
Dr. Lida Fuentes-Viveros
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • fruit ripening
  • plant hormones
  • metabolites
  • anthocyanins
  • carotenoids
  • transcription factors
  • gene expression
  • phytohormone crosstalk
  • hormone signaling
  • postharvest
  • exogenous application

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 4073 KiB  
Article
Abscisic Acid Synthesis and Signaling during the Ripening of Raspberry (Rubus idaeus ‘Heritage’) Fruit
by Fernanda Álvarez, Mario Moya, Claudia Rivera-Mora, Paz E. Zúñiga, Karla Jara-Cornejo, Paula Muñoz, Aníbal Ayala-Raso, Sergi Munné-Bosch, Carlos R. Figueroa, Nicolás E. Figueroa, Mónika Valdenegro, Juan E. Alvaro, Wilfried Schwab, Bruno G. Defilippi and Lida Fuentes
Plants 2023, 12(9), 1882; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12091882 - 05 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1962
Abstract
The raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) fruit is characterized by its richness in functional molecules and high nutritional value, but the high rate of fruit softening limits its quality during postharvest. Raspberry drupelets have a particular ripening regulation, depending partially on the effect [...] Read more.
The raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) fruit is characterized by its richness in functional molecules and high nutritional value, but the high rate of fruit softening limits its quality during postharvest. Raspberry drupelets have a particular ripening regulation, depending partially on the effect of ethylene produced from the receptacle. However, the possible role of abscisic acid (ABA) in the modulation of quality parameters during the ripening of raspberry is unclear. This study characterized the fruit quality-associated parameters and hormonal contents during fruit development in two seasons. The quality parameters showed typical changes during ripening: a drastic loss of firmness, increase in soluble solids content, loss of acidity, and turning to a red color from the large green stage to fully ripe fruit in both seasons. A significant increase in the ABA content was observed during the ripening of drupelets and receptacles, with the higher content in the receptacle of ripe and overripe stages compared to the large green stage. Moreover, identification of ABA biosynthesis-(9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase/NCED) and ABA receptor-related genes (PYRs-like receptors) showed three genes encoding RiNCEDs and nine genes for RiPYLs. The expression level of these genes increased from the large green stage to the full-ripe stage, specifically characterized by a higher expression of RiNCED1 in the receptacle tissue. This study reports a consistent concomitant increase in the ABA content and the expression of RiNCED1, RiPYL1, and RiPYL8 during the ripening of the raspberry fruit, thus supporting the role for ABA signaling in drupelets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Hormone Signaling Regulation and Metabolites in Fruits)
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15 pages, 2318 KiB  
Article
Bioinformatics Study of Aux/IAA Family Genes and Their Expression in Response to Different Hormones Treatments during Japanese Apricot Fruit Development and Ripening
by Shahid Iqbal, Faisal Hayat, Naveed Mushtaq, Muhammad Khalil-ur-Rehman, Ummara Khan, Talat Bilal Yasoob, Muhammad Nawaz Khan, Zhaojun Ni, Shi Ting and Zhihong Gao
Plants 2022, 11(15), 1898; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11151898 - 22 Jul 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1820
Abstract
Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) is a transcriptional repressor in the auxin signaling pathway that plays a role in several plant growth and development as well as fruit and embryo development. However, it is unclear what role they play in Japanese apricot ( [...] Read more.
Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) is a transcriptional repressor in the auxin signaling pathway that plays a role in several plant growth and development as well as fruit and embryo development. However, it is unclear what role they play in Japanese apricot (Prunus mume) fruit development and maturity. To investigate the role of Aux/IAA genes in fruit texture, development, and maturity, we comprehensively identified and expressed 19 PmIAA genes, and demonstrated their conserved domains and homology across species. The majority of PmIAA genes are highly responsive and expressed in different hormone treatments. PmIAA2, PmIAA5, PmIAA7, PmIAA10, PmIAA13, PmIAA18, and PmIAA19 showed a substantial increase in expression, suggesting that these genes are involved in fruit growth and maturity. During fruit maturation, alteration in the expression of PmIAA genes in response to 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment revealed an interaction between auxin and ethylene. The current study investigated the response of Aux/IAA development regulators to auxin during fruit ripening, with the goal of better understanding their potential application in functional genomics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Hormone Signaling Regulation and Metabolites in Fruits)
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16 pages, 2104 KiB  
Article
Response Mechanisms of “Hass” Avocado to Sequential 1–methylcyclopropene Applications at Different Maturity Stages during Cold Storage
by Daniela Olivares, Miguel García-Rojas, Pablo A. Ulloa, Aníbal Riveros, Romina Pedreschi, Reinaldo Campos-Vargas, Claudio Meneses and Bruno G. Defilippi
Plants 2022, 11(13), 1781; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11131781 - 05 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1812
Abstract
1–Methylcyclopropene (1–MCP) is used for extending the postharvest life of the avocado during storage. Evaluated the effect of 1–MCP application at different times after harvest, i.e., 0, 7, 14, and 21 d at 5 °C, to identify the threshold of the ethylene inhibition [...] Read more.
1–Methylcyclopropene (1–MCP) is used for extending the postharvest life of the avocado during storage. Evaluated the effect of 1–MCP application at different times after harvest, i.e., 0, 7, 14, and 21 d at 5 °C, to identify the threshold of the ethylene inhibition response in “Hass” avocado. Our results showed that fruits from two maturity stages at harvest: low dry matter (20–23%) and high dry matter (27%). Changes in ethylene production rates and transcript accumulation of genes involved in ethylene metabolism were measured at harvest and during storage. 1–MCP treated fruit up to 14 d of storage showed similar values of firmness and skin color as fruit treated at harvest time. In contrast, when the application was performed after 21 d, the fruit showed ripening attributes similar to those of the untreated ones. To further understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for the lack of response to 1–MCP at 21 d of storage, transcriptomic analysis was performed. Gene ontology analyses based on the DEG analysis showed enrichment of transcripts involved in the ‘response to ethylene’ for both maturity stages. All genes evaluated showed similar expression profiles induced by cold storage time, with a peak at 21 d of storage and an increased softening of the fruit and peel color. This was a two-year field study, and results were consistent across the two experimental years. Our results should help growers and markets in selecting the optimal timing of 1–MCP application in “Hass” avocados and should contribute to a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the avocado ripening process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Hormone Signaling Regulation and Metabolites in Fruits)
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15 pages, 1799 KiB  
Article
Preharvest Spray Hexanal Formulation Enhances Postharvest Quality in ‘Honeycrisp’ Apples by Regulating Phospholipase D and Calcium Sensor Proteins Genes
by Karthika Sriskantharajah, Walid El Kayal, Murali Mohan Ayyanath, Praveen K. Saxena, Alan J. Sullivan, Gopinadhan Paliyath and Jayasankar Subramanian
Plants 2021, 10(11), 2332; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10112332 - 28 Oct 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2997
Abstract
‘Honeycrisp’ (Malus domestica Borkh.), a premium applecultivar, is highly susceptible to bitter pit and decline in quality during long-term storage. In order to enhance the quality, an aqueous composition containing hexanal was applied as a preharvest spray. The effects of hexanal were [...] Read more.
‘Honeycrisp’ (Malus domestica Borkh.), a premium applecultivar, is highly susceptible to bitter pit and decline in quality during long-term storage. In order to enhance the quality, an aqueous composition containing hexanal was applied as a preharvest spray. The effects of hexanal were assessed on the treated fruit and compared with HarvistaTM (a sprayable 1-Methylcyclopropene based commercial formulation) applied and control fruit under both cold (2.5 °C; four months) and cold after room temperature storage (20 °C; 14 days) conditions. Color, firmness, and total soluble solids (TSS) did not show a significant change in response to any treatment at harvest, while abscisic acid (ABA) significantly reduced and tryptophan increased in response to hexanal, compared to HarvistaTM and control. The treatment effects on quality traits were observed during storage. Both hexanal and HarvistaTM sprayed apples had higher TSS under both cold and room temperature storage. In addition, both sprays enhanced firmness at room temperature storage. However, the effects of sprays on other quality traits showed a different pattern. Apples sprayed with hexanal had lower phospholipase D enzyme (PLD) activity, lower incidence of bitter pit, and decreased expression of MdPLDα1 compared to HarvistaTM and control. On the other hand, HarvistaTM treated fruit produced lower ethylene. Both sprays decreased the expression of MdPLDα4, MdCaM2, MdCaM4 and MdCML18 genes. Generally, PLD alpha has a direct role in promoting fruit senescence, whereas the calcium senor proteins (CaM/CMLs) may involve in fruit ripening process via calcium and ethylene interactions. Therefore, improved postharvest qualities, including the lower incidence of bitter pit in hexanal treated ‘Honeycrisp’, may be associated with lower membrane damage due to lower PLD enzyme activity and decreased expression of MdPLDα1 and MdPLDα4 genes throughout the storage period. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Hormone Signaling Regulation and Metabolites in Fruits)
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