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Plants
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Breeding and Genetic Mechanism of Tea Plants
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Breeding and Genetic Mechanism of Tea Plants

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Genetics, Genomics and Biotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 12620

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Kang Wei

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou 310008, China
Interests: Breeding technology development and exploration of secondary mechanism in tea plants
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jianhui Ye

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310013, China
Interests: tea polyphenols; tea volatiles; flavonoid biosynthesis; tea processing; tea chemistry; bioactivities; tea health benefits
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Liyuan Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou 310008, China
Interests: breeding; gene cloning and expression; tea plant

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

At present, the breeding of new tea cultivars (e.g., albino cultivars, purple cultivars, and caffeine-free cultivars) is increasingly attractive and popular in the market. The changes of cultivars not only involve quality components such as flavonoids, amino acids, and caffeine, but also relate to plant appearance and responses to environmental factors. These changing phenotypes are closely associated with some significant genes, which are largely unknown. Exploring these genes and understanding their underlying mechanisms will improve tea cultivation management and breeding in the future. This Special Issue of Plants will highlight the exploration of new genes and their potential mechanisms, such as the changes of quality, stress response, fertility, leaf color and size. Papers related to tea propagation and new technologies in tea breeding are also welcome.

Prof. Dr. Kang Wei
Dr. Jianhui Ye
Prof. Dr. Liyuan Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • breeding
  • genetic mechanism
  • tea plant
  • phenotypic changes
  • secondary metabolites
  • stress

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 4380 KiB  
Article
Preliminary Investigation of Essentially Derived Variety of Tea Tree and Development of SNP Markers
by Li Li, Xiangru Li, Fei Liu, Jialin Zhao, Yan Zhang, Weiming Zheng and Li Fan
Plants 2023, 12(8), 1643; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12081643 - 13 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1372
Abstract
The continuous emergence of Essentially Derived Varieties (EDVs) in the process of tea tree breeding will endanger and affect the innovation ability and development potential of tea tree breeding. In this study, genotyping by sequencing (GBS) technology was used to screen high-quality genomic [...] Read more.
The continuous emergence of Essentially Derived Varieties (EDVs) in the process of tea tree breeding will endanger and affect the innovation ability and development potential of tea tree breeding. In this study, genotyping by sequencing (GBS) technology was used to screen high-quality genomic SNPs for the first time to investigate the derived relationships of 349 tea trees from 12 provinces in China. A total of 973 SNPs uniformly covering 15 tea tree chromosomes with high discrimination capacity were screened as the core SNP set. A genetic similarity analysis showed that 136 pairs of tea trees had a genetic similarity coefficient (GS) > 90%, among which 60 varieties/strains were identified as EDVs, including 22 registered varieties (19 were indisputably EDVs). Furthermore, 21 SNPs with 100% identification of 349 tea trees were selected as rapid identification markers, of which 14 SNP markers could be used for 100% identification of non-EDV. These results provide the basis for the analysis of the genetic background of tea trees in molecular-assisted breeding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breeding and Genetic Mechanism of Tea Plants)
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15 pages, 3306 KiB  
Article
Development of SNP Markers for Original Analysis and Germplasm Identification in Camellia sinensis
by Liubin Wang, Hanshuo Xun, Shirin Aktar, Rui Zhang, Liyun Wu, Dejiang Ni, Kang Wei and Liyuan Wang
Plants 2023, 12(1), 162; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12010162 - 29 Dec 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3034
Abstract
Tea plants are widely grown all over the world because they are an important economic crop. The purity and authenticity of tea varieties are frequent problems in the conservation and promotion of germplasm resources in recent years, which has brought considerable inconvenience and [...] Read more.
Tea plants are widely grown all over the world because they are an important economic crop. The purity and authenticity of tea varieties are frequent problems in the conservation and promotion of germplasm resources in recent years, which has brought considerable inconvenience and uncertainty to the selection of parental lines for breeding and the research and cultivation of superior varieties. However, the development of core SNP markers can quickly and accurately identify the germplasm, which plays an important role in germplasm identification and the genetic relationship analysis of tea plants. In this study, based on 179,970 SNP loci from the whole genome of the tea plant, all of 142 cultivars were clearly divided into three groups: Assam type (CSA), Chinese type (CSS), and transitional type. Most CSA cultivars are from Yunnan Province, which confirms that Yunnan Province is the primary center of CSA origin and domestication. Most CSS cultivars are distributed in east China; therefore, we deduced that east China (mainly Zhejiang and Fujian provinces) is most likely the area of origin and domestication of CSS. Moreover, 45 core markers were screened using strict criteria to 179,970 SNP loci, and we analyzed 117 well-Known tea cultivars in China with 45 core SNP markers. The results were as follows: (1) In total, 117 tea cultivars were distinguished by eight markers, which were selected to construct the DNA fingerprint, and the remaining markers were used as standby markers for germplasm identification. (2) Ten pairs of parent and offspring relationships were confirmed or identified, and among them, seven pairs were well-established pedigree relationships; the other three pairs were newly identified. In this study, the east of China (mainly Zhejiang and Fujian provinces) is most likely the area of origin and domestication of CSS. The 45 core SNP markers were developed, which provide a scientific basis at the molecular level to identify the superior tea germplasm, undertake genetic relationship analysis, and benefit subsequent breeding work. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breeding and Genetic Mechanism of Tea Plants)
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13 pages, 3603 KiB  
Article
Integrative Transcriptomic and Phytohormonal Analyses Provide Insights into the Cold Injury Recovery Mechanisms of Tea Leaves
by Zhi-Qi Ni, Jing Jin, Ying Ye, Wen-Wen Luo, Ya-Nan Zheng, Zheng-Kun Tong, Yi-Qing Lv, Jian-Hui Ye and Liang-Yu Wu
Plants 2022, 11(20), 2751; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11202751 - 18 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1406
Abstract
Tea plant is susceptible to low temperature, while the cold injury recovery mechanisms of tea leaves are still unclear. Windbreak has an effective and gradient range of protecting tea plants. Tea plants with increasing cold damage degree have varying recovery status accordingly, which [...] Read more.
Tea plant is susceptible to low temperature, while the cold injury recovery mechanisms of tea leaves are still unclear. Windbreak has an effective and gradient range of protecting tea plants. Tea plants with increasing cold damage degree have varying recovery status accordingly, which are the ideal objects for investigating the cold injury recovery mechanisms of tea leaves. Here, we investigated the transcriptome and phytohormone profiles of tea leaves with different cold injury degrees in recovery (adjacent to the windbreak), and the levels of chlorophylls, malondialdehyde, major phytohormones as well as the activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also measured. The results showed the content of total chlorophylls and the activity of POD in mature tea leaves gradually decreased with the distance to windbreak, while SOD showed the opposite. The major phytohormones were highly accumulated in the moderately cold-injured tea leaves. The biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA) was enhanced in the moderate cold damaged tea leaves, suggesting that ABA plays an important role in the cold response and resistance of tea plants. The transcriptomic result showed that the samples in different rows were well discriminated, and the pathways of plant-pathogen interaction and flavonoid biosynthesis were enriched based on KEGG analysis. WRKY, GRAS and NAC were the top classes of transcription factors differentially expressed in the different cold-injured tea leaves. Thus, windbreak is effective to protect adjacent tea plants from cold wave, and phytohormones importantly participate in the cold injury recovery of tea leaves. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breeding and Genetic Mechanism of Tea Plants)
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20 pages, 3420 KiB  
Article
Metabolomic Profiling in Combination with Data Association Analysis Provide Insights about Potential Metabolic Regulation Networks among Non-Volatile and Volatile Metabolites in Camellia sinensis cv Baijiguan
by Mingjie Chen, Xiangrui Kong, Yi Zhang, Shiya Wang, Huiwen Zhou, Dongsheng Fang, Wenjie Yue and Changsong Chen
Plants 2022, 11(19), 2557; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11192557 - 28 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1331
Abstract
The non-volatile and volatile metabolites in tea confer the taste and odor characteristics of tea fusion, as well as shape the chemical base for tea quality. To date, it remains largely elusive whether there are metabolic crosstalks among non-volatile metabolites and volatile metabolites [...] Read more.
The non-volatile and volatile metabolites in tea confer the taste and odor characteristics of tea fusion, as well as shape the chemical base for tea quality. To date, it remains largely elusive whether there are metabolic crosstalks among non-volatile metabolites and volatile metabolites in the tea tree. Here, we generated an F1 half-sib population by using an albino cultivar of Camellia sinensis cv Baijiguan as the maternal parent, and then we quantified the non-volatile metabolites and volatile metabolites from individual half-sibs. We found that the EGC and EGCG contents of the albino half-sibs were significantly lower than those of the green half-sibs, while no significant differences were observed in total amino acids, caffeine, and other catechin types between these two groups. The phenylpropanoid pathway and the MEP pathway are the dominant routes for volatile synthesis in fresh tea leaves, followed by the MVA pathway and the fatty acid-derivative pathway. The total volatile contents derived from individual pathways showed large variations among half-sibs, there were no significant differences between the albino half-sibs and the green half-sibs. We performed a comprehensive correlation analysis, including correlations among non-volatile metabolites, between volatile synthesis pathways and non-volatile metabolites, and among the volatiles derived from same synthesis pathway, and we identified several significant positive or negative correlations. Our data suggest that the synthesis of non-volatile and volatile metabolites is potentially connected through shared intermediates; feedback inhibition, activation, or competition for common intermediates among branched pathways may co-exist; and cross-pathway activation or inhibition, as well as metabolome channeling, were also implicated. These multiple metabolic regulation modes could provide metabolic plasticity to direct carbon flux and lead to diverse metabolome among Baijiguan half-sibs. This study provides an essential knowledge base for rational tea germplasm improvements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breeding and Genetic Mechanism of Tea Plants)
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21 pages, 3806 KiB  
Article
Identification of a BAHD Acyltransferase Gene Involved in Plant Growth and Secondary Metabolism in Tea Plants
by Shirin Aktar, Peixian Bai, Liubin Wang, Hanshuo Xun, Rui Zhang, Liyun Wu, Mengdi He, Hao Cheng, Liyuan Wang and Kang Wei
Plants 2022, 11(19), 2483; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11192483 - 22 Sep 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2891
Abstract
Plant acyl-CoA dominated acyltransferases (named BAHD) comprise a large appointed protein superfamily and play varied roles in plant secondary metabolism like synthesis of modified anthocyanins, flavonoids, volatile esters, etc. Tea (Camellia sinensis) is an important non-alcoholic medicinal and fragrancy plant synthesizing [...] Read more.
Plant acyl-CoA dominated acyltransferases (named BAHD) comprise a large appointed protein superfamily and play varied roles in plant secondary metabolism like synthesis of modified anthocyanins, flavonoids, volatile esters, etc. Tea (Camellia sinensis) is an important non-alcoholic medicinal and fragrancy plant synthesizing different secondary metabolites, including flavonoids. In the tea (C.A sinensis) cultivar Longjing 43 (LJ43), eight samples were performed into three groups for transcriptome analysis under three biological replications. Among the BAHD acyltransferase genes in tea cultivars, the expression of TEA031065 was highest in buds and young leaves following the RNA sequencing data, which was coincident with the tissue rich in catechins and other flavonoids. We then transformed this gene into wild-type Arabidopsis as an over-expression (OX) line 1 and line 2 in ½ MS media to verify its function. In the wild types (WT), the primary root length, number of secondary roots, and total root weight were significantly higher at 24%, 15%, and 53.92%, respectively, compared to the transgenic lines (OX1 and OX2). By contrast, the leaves displayed larger rosettes (21.58%), with higher total leaf weight (32.64%) in the transgenic lines than in the wild type (WT). This result is consistent with DCR mutant At5g23940 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, anthocyanin content in transgenic lines was also increased (21.65%) as compared to WT. According to the RNA sequencing data, a total of 22 growth regulatory genes and 31 structural genes with TFs (transcription factors) that are correlative with plant growth and anthocyanin accumulation were identified to be differentially expressed in the transgenic lines. It was found that some key genes involved in IAA (Auxin) and GA (Gibberellin) biosynthesis were downregulated in the transgenic lines, which might be correlated with the phenotype changes in roots. Moreover, the upregulation of plant growth regulation genes, such as UGT73C4 (zeatin), ARR15, GH3.5, ETR2, ERS2, APH4, and SAG113 might be responsible for massive leaf growth. In addition, transgenic lines shown high anthocyanin accumulation due to the upregulation of the (1) 3AT1 and (3) GSTF, particularly, GSTF12 genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. However, the TFs such as, CCoAMT, bHLH, WRKY, CYP, and other MYBs were also significantly upregulated in transgenic lines, which increased the content of anthocyanins in A. thaliana seedlings. In conclusion, a BAHD acyltransferase (TEA031065) was identified, which might play a vital role in tea growth and secondary metabolites regulation. This study increases our knowledge concerning the combined functionality of the tea BAHD acyltransferase gene (TEA031065). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breeding and Genetic Mechanism of Tea Plants)
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22 pages, 2376 KiB  
Article
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Isopentenyl transferase Family Genes during Development and Resistance to Abiotic Stresses in Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis)
by Liping Zhang, Min Li, Jianyu Fu, Xiaoqin Huang, Peng Yan, Shibei Ge, Zhengzhen Li, Peixian Bai, Lan Zhang, Wenyan Han and Xin Li
Plants 2022, 11(17), 2243; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11172243 - 29 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1698
Abstract
The tea plant is an important economic crop and is widely cultivated. Isopentenyl transferase (IPT) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of cytokinin (CK) signaling, which plays key roles in plant development and abiotic stress. However, the IPT gene family in tea plants [...] Read more.
The tea plant is an important economic crop and is widely cultivated. Isopentenyl transferase (IPT) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of cytokinin (CK) signaling, which plays key roles in plant development and abiotic stress. However, the IPT gene family in tea plants has not been systematically investigated until now. The phylogenetic analyses, gene structures, and conserved domains were predicted here. The results showed that a total of 13 CsIPT members were identified from a tea plant genome database and phylogenetically classified into four groups. Furthermore, 10 CsIPT members belonged to plant ADP/ATP-IPT genes, and 3 CsIPTs were tRNA-IPT genes. There is a conserved putative ATP/GTP-binding site (P-loop motif) in all the CsIPT sequences. Based on publicly available transcriptome data as well as through RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis, the CsIPT genes which play key roles in the development of different tissues were identified, respectively. Furthermore, CsIPT6.2 may be involved in the response to different light treatments. CsIPT6.4 may play a key role during the dormancy and flush of the lateral buds. CsIPT5.1 may play important regulatory roles during the development of the lateral bud, leaf, and flower. CsIPT5.2 and CsIPT6.2 may both play key roles for increased resistance to cold-stress, whereas CsIPT3.2 may play a key role in improving resistance to high-temperature stress as well as drought-stress and rewatering. This study could provide a reference for further studies of CsIPT family’s functions and could contribute to tea molecular breeding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breeding and Genetic Mechanism of Tea Plants)
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