Topical Delivery Illuminated: Penetration Monitoring for New Age Medicines

A special issue of Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923). This special issue belongs to the section "Drug Delivery and Controlled Release".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 3043

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Pharmaceutical Technology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
Interests: semi-solid dosage forms; topical delivery; confocal Raman spectroscopy
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

To treat diseases of the skin, eye or mucosal tissues, the topical application of dosage forms is still the most common approach. The formulations are expected to deliver an effective amount of drug to the tissue. To investigate the effectiveness of topical delivery during the development of topical dosage forms, methods such as the incubation of excised skin in Franz diffusion cells and the subsequent sampling of the receptor medium and/or the skin layers are very often performed. These lack spatial and temporal resolution and are laborious. Thus, spectroscopic methods are increasingly being used. They provide, e.g., better spatial resolution, offer time resolved measurements, allow for imaging in two or three dimensions, and/or are less laborious.

This Special Issue aims to provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art research on the use of spectroscopic, vibrational and imaging techniques in the development of topical dosage forms.

In this Special Issue, we welcome reviews and original articles that explore the use of advanced spectroscopic methods for the investigation of topical delivery and in the development of topical dosage forms. This includes, but is not limited to, spectroscopic techniques such as confocal Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, line-field confocal optical coherence tomography and soft X-ray spectroscopy. In this context, topical delivery does not only refer to the skin, but also to other tissues, such as in ophthalmic, nasal, vaginal or rectal delivery. I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Dominique Lunter
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • topical dosage form
  • skin
  • spectroscopy
  • imaging
  • penetration

Published Papers (2 papers)

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16 pages, 3499 KiB  
Article
Limits of Detection of Topically Applied Products in the Skin Using In Vivo Raman Spectroscopy
by Cláudio Nico, Tom C. Bakker Schut, Peter J. Caspers and Gerwin J. Puppels
Pharmaceutics 2024, 16(3), 304; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16030304 - 22 Feb 2024
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Abstract
We have developed a method to determine the limit of detection (LoD) for quantitative measurement of exogenous analytes in the outer layer of the human skin by in vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy. The method is in accordance with the guidelines of the International [...] Read more.
We have developed a method to determine the limit of detection (LoD) for quantitative measurement of exogenous analytes in the outer layer of the human skin by in vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy. The method is in accordance with the guidelines of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use that have been adopted by regulatory authorities such as the American Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. The method can be applied in silico so that the limit of detection can be assessed before starting a skin penetration study, for example, in areas of pharmaceutical formulation, pharmacokinetics, or toxicokinetics. This can significantly reduce the need for expensive and time-consuming feasibility studies. This paper describes the method to calculate this LoD as well as the experimental and methodological factors that can influence the calculation of the LoD. Full article
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35 pages, 7519 KiB  
Review
Optical Methods for Non-Invasive Determination of Skin Penetration: Current Trends, Advances, Possibilities, Prospects, and Translation into In Vivo Human Studies
by Maxim E. Darvin
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(9), 2272; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15092272 - 03 Sep 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1771
Abstract
Information on the penetration depth, pathways, metabolization, storage of vehicles, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and functional cosmetic ingredients (FCIs) of topically applied formulations or contaminants (substances) in skin is of great importance for understanding their interaction with skin targets, treatment efficacy, and risk [...] Read more.
Information on the penetration depth, pathways, metabolization, storage of vehicles, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and functional cosmetic ingredients (FCIs) of topically applied formulations or contaminants (substances) in skin is of great importance for understanding their interaction with skin targets, treatment efficacy, and risk assessment—a challenging task in dermatology, cosmetology, and pharmacy. Non-invasive methods for the qualitative and quantitative visualization of substances in skin in vivo are favored and limited to optical imaging and spectroscopic methods such as fluorescence/reflectance confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM); two-photon tomography (2PT) combined with autofluorescence (2PT-AF), fluorescence lifetime imaging (2PT-FLIM), second-harmonic generation (SHG), coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), and reflectance confocal microscopy (2PT-RCM); three-photon tomography (3PT); confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy (CRM); surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) micro-spectroscopy; stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy; and optical coherence tomography (OCT). This review summarizes the state of the art in the use of the CLSM, 2PT, 3PT, CRM, SERS, SRS, and OCT optical methods to study skin penetration in vivo non-invasively (302 references). The advantages, limitations, possibilities, and prospects of the reviewed optical methods are comprehensively discussed. The ex vivo studies discussed are potentially translatable into in vivo measurements. The requirements for the optical properties of substances to determine their penetration into skin by certain methods are highlighted. Full article
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