Fusarium: Pathogenomics and Inherent Resistance

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Fungal Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 12886

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
The University of the West Indies, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Life Sciences, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago – West Indies
Interests: molecular genetics of fungal pathogens; specifically Colletotrichum and Fusarium species

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The suggested focus of this issue is to present recent data on the current status of Fusarium as plant pathogenic and toxigenic species of global importance. This requires examining the genus at 2 tiers: pathogenomics and inherent resistance targets in the host.

The suggested scope of this Special Issue is defined in two main categories of discussion:

  • Identification and evolution of genes involved in virulence and host specialization. Understanding that the evolution and diversity of pathogenicity-associated mechanisms will inform disease management strategies against Fusarium
  • Host-derived resistance as targets for improved plant defense. Information on molecular and biochemical strategies for the manipulation of plant defense systems by these fungal pathogens and understanding the more important and specific host defense signaling in response to pathogen recognition are key targets for developing and/or improving inherent resistance in host plant species to Fusarium infection and disease.

The overall purpose of this Special Issue is to present discussions on recent data obtained from this omics era in terms of pathogenesis and resistance to disease and how this information can be used in disease management and whether such management strategies would be specific to fungal species–host species interactions or can be broad-spectrum, while limiting the discussion of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species as this has been worked through in many other platforms.

This Special Issue is important in the context of the current literature because of its focus and scope at two tiers that are directly related to each other and in combination impact novel strategies for disease management. The emphasis is on understanding molecular data related to pathogenesis and resistance at the -omics level and not on detection, identification, phylogeny of the genus/species, or mycotoxin detection and identification of a given Fusarium species which has been the context in past reviews/Special Issues. The research to inform these aspects should, therefore, be restricted from 2015 to present.

Dr. Sephra Rampersad
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • pathogenomics
  • defense signaling
  • inherent resistance

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 1293 KiB  
Article
Occurrence, Pathogenicity, and Mycotoxin Production of Fusarium temperatum in Relation to Other Fusarium Species on Maize in Germany
by Annette Pfordt, Simon Schiwek, Anna Rathgeb, Charlotte Rodemann, Nele Bollmann, Matthias Buchholz, Petr Karlovsky and Andreas von Tiedemann
Pathogens 2020, 9(11), 864; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110864 - 22 Oct 2020
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3392
Abstract
Fusarium subglutinans is a plant pathogenic fungus infecting cereal grain crops. In 2011, the species was divided in Fusarium temperatumsp. nov. and F. subglutinans sensu stricto. In order to determine the occurrence and significance of F. temperatum and F. subglutinans on [...] Read more.
Fusarium subglutinans is a plant pathogenic fungus infecting cereal grain crops. In 2011, the species was divided in Fusarium temperatumsp. nov. and F. subglutinans sensu stricto. In order to determine the occurrence and significance of F. temperatum and F. subglutinans on maize, a monitoring of maize ears and stalks was carried out in Germany in 2017 and 2018. Species identification was conducted by analysis of the translation elongation factor (TEF-1α) gene. Ninety-four isolates of F. temperatum and eight isolates of F. subglutinans were obtained during two years of monitoring from 60 sampling sites in nine federal states of Germany. Inoculation of maize ears revealed a superior aggressiveness for F. temperatum, followed by Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium verticillioides, and F. subglutinans. On maize stalks, F. graminearum was the most aggressive species while F. temperatum and F. subglutinans caused only small lesions. The optimal temperature for infection of maize ears with F. temperatum was 24 °C and 21 °C for F. subglutinans. All strains of F. temperatum and F. subglutinans were pathogenic on wheat and capable to cause moderate to severe head blight symptoms. The assessment of mycotoxin production of 60 strains of F. temperatum cultivated on rice revealed that all strains produced beauvericin, moniliformin, fusaric acid, and fusaproliferin. The results demonstrate a higher prevalence and aggressiveness of F. temperatum compared to F. subglutinans in German maize cultivation areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fusarium: Pathogenomics and Inherent Resistance)
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18 pages, 1944 KiB  
Article
Three-Locus Sequence Identification and Differential Tebuconazole Sensitivity Suggest Novel Fusarium equiseti Haplotype from Trinidad
by Ria T. Villafana and Sephra N. Rampersad
Pathogens 2020, 9(3), 175; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9030175 - 1 Mar 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2231
Abstract
The Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) consists of 33 phylogenetic species according to multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR). A multi-locus dataset consisting of nucleotide sequences of the translation elongation factor (EF-1α), calmodulin (CAM), [...] Read more.
The Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) consists of 33 phylogenetic species according to multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR). A multi-locus dataset consisting of nucleotide sequences of the translation elongation factor (EF-1α), calmodulin (CAM), partial RNA polymerase largest subunit (RPB1), and partial RNA polymerase second largest subunit (RPB2), was generated to distinguish among phylogenetic species within the FIESC isolates infecting bell pepper in Trinidad. Three phylogenetic species belonged to the Incarnatum clade (FIESC-15, FIESC-16, and FIESC-26), and one species belonged to the Equiseti clade (FIESC-14). Specific MLST types were sensitive to 10 µg/mL of tebuconazole fungicide as a discriminatory dose. The EC50 values were significantly different among the four MLST groups, which were separated into two homogeneous groups: FIESC-26a and FIESC-14a, demonstrating the “sensitive” azole phenotype and FIESC-15a and FIESC-16a as the “less sensitive” azole phenotype. CYP51C sequences of the Trinidad isolates, although under positive selection, were without any signatures of recombination, were highly conserved, and were not correlated with these azole phenotypes. CYP51C sequences were unable to resolve the FIESC isolates as phylogenetic inference indicated polytomic branching for these sequences. This data is important to different research communities, including those studying Fusarium phytopathology, mycotoxins, and public health impacts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fusarium: Pathogenomics and Inherent Resistance)
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Review

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21 pages, 3014 KiB  
Review
Pathogenomics and Management of Fusarium Diseases in Plants
by Sephra N. Rampersad
Pathogens 2020, 9(5), 340; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050340 - 1 May 2020
Cited by 63 | Viewed by 6835
Abstract
There is an urgency to supplant the heavy reliance on chemical control of Fusarium diseases in different economically important, staple food crops due to development of resistance in the pathogen population, the high cost of production to the risk-averse grower, and the concomitant [...] Read more.
There is an urgency to supplant the heavy reliance on chemical control of Fusarium diseases in different economically important, staple food crops due to development of resistance in the pathogen population, the high cost of production to the risk-averse grower, and the concomitant environmental impacts. Pathogenomics has enabled (i) the creation of genetic inventories which identify those putative genes, regulators, and effectors that are associated with virulence, pathogenicity, and primary and secondary metabolism; (ii) comparison of such genes among related pathogens; (iii) identification of potential genetic targets for chemical control; and (iv) better characterization of the complex dynamics of host–microbe interactions that lead to disease. This type of genomic data serves to inform host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) technology for targeted disruption of transcription of select genes for the control of Fusarium diseases. This review discusses the various repositories and browser access points for comparison of genomic data, the strategies for identification and selection of pathogenicity- and virulence-associated genes and effectors in different Fusarium species, HIGS and successful Fusarium disease control trials with a consideration of loss of RNAi, off-target effects, and future challenges in applying HIGS for management of Fusarium diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fusarium: Pathogenomics and Inherent Resistance)
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