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Pathogens
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Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1)
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Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1)

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 3142

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Amanda Panfil

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Interests: pathogenesis; viral oncogenesis; retrovirology; molecular biology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Patrick L. Green

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
2. Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Interests: molecular pathogenesis of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV); molecular biology of retrovirus replication; T-cell activation/transformation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first identified human retrovirus and is the only oncogenic human retrovirus. Viral infections are found worldwide and current estimates include 5-10 million infected individuals. HTLV-1 is the infectious cause of several different diseases, including an aggressive CD4+ T-cell malignancy called adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and a progressive neurodegenerative disease known as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Disease progression occurs after a prolonged clinical latency period in a subset of infected individuals and there is currently no approved vaccine or long-term effective treatment for HTLV-1 diseases. In infected individuals, HTLV-1 is maintained as a persistent viral infection through clonal expansion of infected T-cell clones. Several key viral factors (Tax, Hbz) have been shown to promote transformation and maintain the proliferative advantage of infected cells. Despite decades of research, a complete understanding of viral transformation and pathogenesis remains understudied and not well understood. This Special Issue invites basic research manuscripts and reviews focused on HTLV-1 disease development, disease progression, pathogenesis, cellular transformation, and immune evasion/regulation.

Dr. Amanda Panfil
Prof. Dr. Patrick L. Green
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ATL
  • HAM/TSP
  • HTLV
  • leukemia
  • lymphoma
  • oncogenesis
  • pathogenesis
  • retrovirus
  • transformation

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

22 pages, 2064 KiB  
Review
Mechanisms of Innate Immune Sensing of HTLV-1 and Viral Immune Evasion
by Suchitra Mohanty and Edward W. Harhaj
Pathogens 2023, 12(5), 735; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12050735 - 19 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2795
Abstract
Human T lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) was the first identified oncoretrovirus, which infects and establishes a persistent infection in approximately 10–20 million people worldwide. Although only ~5% of infected individuals develop pathologies such as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) or a neuroinflammatory disorder termed HTLV-1-asssociated [...] Read more.
Human T lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) was the first identified oncoretrovirus, which infects and establishes a persistent infection in approximately 10–20 million people worldwide. Although only ~5% of infected individuals develop pathologies such as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) or a neuroinflammatory disorder termed HTLV-1-asssociated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), asymptomatic carriers are more susceptible to opportunistic infections. Furthermore, ATLL patients are severely immunosuppressed and prone to other malignancies and other infections. The HTLV-1 replication cycle provides ligands, mainly nucleic acids (RNA, RNA/DNA intermediates, ssDNA intermediates, and dsDNA), that are sensed by different pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to trigger immune responses. However, the mechanisms of innate immune detection and immune responses to HTLV-1 infection are not well understood. In this review, we highlight the functional roles of different immune sensors in recognizing HTLV-1 infection in multiple cell types and the antiviral roles of host restriction factors in limiting persistent infection of HTLV-1. We also provide a comprehensive overview of intricate strategies employed by HTLV-1 to subvert the host innate immune response that may contribute to the development of HTLV-1-associated diseases. A more detailed understanding of HTLV-1-host pathogen interactions may inform novel strategies for HTLV-1 antivirals, vaccines, and treatments for ATLL or HAM/TSP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1))
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