Advances in Hepatitis E Virus (HEV)

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 2254

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
Interests: hepatitis E virus; viral hepatitis; virus and immune response; immunometabolism and viral infections

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The diverse forms acquired by Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) to infect humans make it a pathogen of global relevance. HEV commonly causes self-limiting hepatitis but occasionally leads to fulminant liver failure and, in immunosuppression, chronic HEV infection. The virus is mainly transmitted via the fecal-oral route; the zoonotic potential of HEV is broadly recognized, and, it is also considered a foodborne pathogen.

HEV can be present either as a naked particle or as a quasi-enveloped virion. Both forms of the virus are infectious and allow HEV dissemination. Importantly, the quasi-envelope may facilitate the distribution of the virus to different tissues resulting in multiple extrahepatic manifestations. In humans, the progression of HEV infection in the liver is restricted by the host immune response and the pathophysiological mechanisms behind the development of extrahepatic manifestations remain to be elucidated.

There is no approved drug for the treatment of HEV, and, a vaccine licensed in China in 2011 is not widely available. Considering the WHO recommendation for eliminating infectious hepatitis by 2030, joint efforts are required to improve the diagnosis and therapy of acute and chronic hepatitis E, having virus eradication as the goal. The characterization of immune signatures associated with disease progression, extrahepatic manifestations, optimized experimental models, and the epidemiology of HEV are necessary.

This Special Issue of Pathogens collects research articles, comprehensive reviews, and short communications in line with the most recent advances in the study of HEV. I am looking forward to your valuable involvement in this interesting Issue.

Dr. Nora A. Fierro
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • hepatitis E virus
  • clinical outcome
  • diagnostic
  • epidemiology
  • therapy

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Editorial

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2 pages, 169 KiB  
Editorial
Advances in Hepatitis E Virus
by Nora A. Fierro
Pathogens 2023, 12(8), 987; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12080987 - 28 Jul 2023
Viewed by 823
Abstract
In the late 1970s, 52,000 pregnant women died in Kashmir, India [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Hepatitis E Virus (HEV))

Research

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10 pages, 738 KiB  
Article
Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus and Its Associated Outcomes among Pregnant Women in China
by Gui-Ping Wen, Min-Ming Wang, Zi-Min Tang, Chang Liu, Zi-Hao Yu, Zheng Wang, Zi-Zheng Zheng, Yu-Lin Zhou and Yun-Sheng Ge
Pathogens 2023, 12(9), 1072; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12091072 - 22 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1176
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a significant public health concern worldwide. Pregnant women are at high risk of severe HEV infection. Various adverse outcomes in pregnant women related to HEV infection have been well documented in low-income and middle-income countries with poor sanitation. [...] Read more.
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a significant public health concern worldwide. Pregnant women are at high risk of severe HEV infection. Various adverse outcomes in pregnant women related to HEV infection have been well documented in low-income and middle-income countries with poor sanitation. However, previous studies have provided inconsistent conclusions regarding the effects of HEV infection on the health of pregnant women and their infants in developed countries and contemporary China. In China, previous studies on HEV in pregnant women mainly focused on anti-HEV IgM and/or anti-HEV IgG. In this study, 4244 pregnant women were retrospectively analyzed for HEV-related markers. The positive rates of HEV antigen, HEV RNA, anti-HEV IgM, and anti-HEV IgG were 0.28%, 0.54%, 0.35%, and 10.49%, respectively. Among the 467 pregnant women who tested positive for at least one HEV-related marker, 92.93% (434) were positive for anti-HEV IgG only and 0.21% (1) were positive for HEV antigen, anti-HEV IgM, and anti-HEV IgG. Although the prevalence of anti-HEV IgG significantly increased with age, the prevalence of anti-HEV IgM, HEV RNA, and HEV antigen did not differ among pregnant women of different ages. Thirty-three pregnant women were positive for at least one of anti-HEV IgM, HEV antigen, and HEV RNA, and these individuals were recently or currently infected with HEV. None of the 33 pregnant women exhibited obvious clinical symptoms. Of the 33 pregnant women, 39.39% (13) experienced adverse fetal outcomes, including preterm birth, fetal distress, and low birth weight, the incidence of which was significantly higher than in pregnant women who were not recently or currently infected with HEV. These findings suggest that maternal HEV infection may impact the health of fetuses; thus, these results may contribute to the development of appropriate public health interventions for this population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Hepatitis E Virus (HEV))
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