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Biomaterials Based on Calcium Phosphates and Their Modifications
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Biomaterials Based on Calcium Phosphates and Their Modifications

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 4981

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Aneta Zima

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Guest Editor
Department of Ceramics and Refractories, AGH University of Science & Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
Interests: bioceramics; calcium phosphates; bone cements; composites; hybrid materials; chitosan; pectins; tissue engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ewelina Cichoń

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
Interests: calcium phosphates; surfactants; biopolymers; functionalization; composites; biomaterials; bioceramics; polyhydroxyalkanoates
Dr. Joanna Czechowska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
Interests: calcium phosphates; biopolymers; composites; hybrid materials; biomaterials; bioceramics; therapeutic ions

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As Guest Editors of a Special Issue entitled ‘Biomaterials Based on Calcium Phosphates and Their Modifications‘ (IF=4.6; 140 points of Polish MNiSW), we encourage you to submit your review and original research articles.

In the last decade, the use of calcium phosphate bioceramics (CaPs) in clinical practice has significantly increased. Much attention is paid to the modification of such materials on both the chemical and physical level. Apart from the functionalization of CaPs with various biologically active ions and nanoparticles, their surface modifications have also been explored. Furthermore, many chemically bonded biomaterials, composites, scaffolds and hybrids based on calcium phosphates have been developed. Thus, this Special Issue is dedicated to research and review papers tackling the problems of novel calcium phosphate-based biomaterials for medical and biomedical engineering applications, as well as their modifications. 

Prof. Dr. Aneta Zima
Dr. Ewelina Cichoń
Dr. Joanna Czechowska
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • calcium phosphates
  • bone cements
  • scaffolds
  • hybrid materials
  • composites

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 3410 KiB  
Article
Physicochemical Properties of Inorganic and Hybrid Hydroxyapatite-Based Granules Modified with Citric Acid or Polyethylene Glycol
by Ewelina Cichoń, Karolina Kosowska, Piotr Pańtak, Joanna P. Czechowska, Aneta Zima and Anna Ślósarczyk
Molecules 2024, 29(9), 2018; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29092018 - 27 Apr 2024
Viewed by 258
Abstract
This study delves into the physicochemical properties of inorganic hydroxyapatite (HAp) and hybrid hydroxyapatite–chitosan (HAp-CTS) granules, also gold-enriched, which can be used as aggregates in biomicroconcrete-type materials. The impact of granules’ surface modifications with citric acid (CA) or polyethylene glycol (PEG) was assessed. [...] Read more.
This study delves into the physicochemical properties of inorganic hydroxyapatite (HAp) and hybrid hydroxyapatite–chitosan (HAp-CTS) granules, also gold-enriched, which can be used as aggregates in biomicroconcrete-type materials. The impact of granules’ surface modifications with citric acid (CA) or polyethylene glycol (PEG) was assessed. Citric acid modification induced increased specific surface area and porosity in inorganic granules, contrasting with reduced parameters in hybrid granules. PEG modification resulted in a slight increase in specific surface area for inorganic granules and a substantial rise for hybrid granules with gold nanoparticles. Varied effects on open porosity were observed based on granule type. Microstructural analysis revealed increased roughness for inorganic granules post CA modification, while hybrid granules exhibited smoother surfaces. Novel biomicroconcretes, based on α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) calcium phosphate cement and developed granules as aggregates within, were evaluated for compressive strength. Compressive strength assessments showcased significant enhancement with PEG modification, emphasizing its positive impact. Citric acid modification demonstrated variable effects, depending on granule composition. The incorporation of gold nanoparticles further enriched the multifaceted approach to enhancing calcium phosphate-based biomaterials for potential biomedical applications. This study demonstrates the pivotal role of surface modifications in tailoring the physicochemical properties of granules, paving the way for advanced biomicroconcretes with improved compressive strength for diverse biomedical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials Based on Calcium Phosphates and Their Modifications)
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17 pages, 4547 KiB  
Article
New Nano-Crystalline Hydroxyapatite-Polycarboxy/Sulfo Betaine Hybrid Materials: Synthesis and Characterization
by Aránzazu Díaz-Cuenca, Kostadinka Sezanova, Rumiana Gergulova, Diana Rabadjieva and Konstans Ruseva
Molecules 2024, 29(5), 930; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29050930 - 21 Feb 2024
Viewed by 817
Abstract
Hybrid materials based on calcium phosphates and synthetic polymers can potentially be used for caries protection due to their similarity to hard tissues in terms of composition, structure and a number of properties. This study is focused on the biomimetic synthesis of hybrid [...] Read more.
Hybrid materials based on calcium phosphates and synthetic polymers can potentially be used for caries protection due to their similarity to hard tissues in terms of composition, structure and a number of properties. This study is focused on the biomimetic synthesis of hybrid materials consisting of hydroxiapatite and the zwitterionic polymers polysulfobetaine (PSB) and polycarboxybetaine (PCB) using controlled media conditions with a constant pH of 8.0–8.2 and Ca/P = 1.67. The results show that pH control is a dominant factor in the crystal phase formation, so nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite with a Ca/P ratio of 1.63–1.71 was observed as the mineral phase in all the materials prepared. The final polymer content measured for the synthesized hybrid materials was 48–52%. The polymer type affects the final microstructure, and the mineral particle size is thinner and smaller in the synthesis performed using PCB than using PSB. The final intermolecular interaction of the nano-crystallized hydroxyapatite was demonstrated to be stronger with PCB than with PSB as shown by our IR and Raman spectroscopy analyses. The higher remineralization potential of the PCB-containing synthesized material was demonstrated by in vitro testing using artificial saliva. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials Based on Calcium Phosphates and Their Modifications)
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15 pages, 6572 KiB  
Article
Optimization of the Composition of Mesoporous Polymer–Ceramic Nanocomposite Granules for Bone Regeneration
by Marta Trzaskowska, Vladyslav Vivcharenko, Wojciech Franus, Tomasz Goryczka, Adrian Barylski and Agata Przekora
Molecules 2023, 28(13), 5238; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28135238 - 6 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1410
Abstract
Difficult-to-treat bone damage resulting from metabolic bone diseases, mechanical injuries, or tumor resection requires support in the form of biomaterials. The aim of this research was to optimize the concentration of individual components of polymer–ceramic nanocomposite granules (nanofilled polymer composites) for application in [...] Read more.
Difficult-to-treat bone damage resulting from metabolic bone diseases, mechanical injuries, or tumor resection requires support in the form of biomaterials. The aim of this research was to optimize the concentration of individual components of polymer–ceramic nanocomposite granules (nanofilled polymer composites) for application in orthopedics and maxillofacial surgery to fill small bone defects and stimulate the regeneration process. Two types of granules were made using nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHA) and chitosan-based matrix (agarose/chitosan or curdlan/chitosan), which served as binder for ceramic nanopowder. Different concentrations of the components (nanoHA and curdlan), foaming agent (sodium bicarbonate—NaHCO3), and chitosan solvent (acetic acid—CH3COOH) were tested during the production process. Agarose and chitosan concentrations were fixed to be 5% w/v and 2% w/v, respectively, based on our previous research. Subsequently, the produced granules were subjected to cytotoxicity testing (indirect and direct contact methods), microhardness testing (Young’s modulus evaluation), and microstructure analysis (porosity, specific surface area, and surface roughness) in order to identify the biomaterial with the most favorable properties. The results demonstrated only slight differences among the resultant granules with respect to their microstructural, mechanical, and biological properties. All variants of the biomaterials were non-toxic to a mouse preosteoblast cell line (MC3T3-E1), supported cell growth on their surface, had high porosity (46–51%), and showed relatively high specific surface area (25–33 m2/g) and Young’s modulus values (2–10 GPa). Apart from biomaterials containing 8% w/v curdlan, all samples were predominantly characterized by mesoporosity. Nevertheless, materials with the greatest biomedical potential were obtained using 5% w/v agarose, 2% w/v chitosan, and 50% or 70% w/v nanoHA when the chitosan solvent/foaming agent ratio was equal to 2:2. In the case of the granules containing curdlan/chitosan matrix, the most optimal composition was as follows: 2% w/v chitosan, 4% w/v curdlan, and 30% w/v nanoHA. The obtained test results indicate that both manufactured types of granules are promising implantable biomaterials for filling small bone defects that can be used in maxillofacial surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials Based on Calcium Phosphates and Their Modifications)
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13 pages, 2731 KiB  
Article
Monocyte Differentiation on Atomic Layer-Deposited (ALD) Hydroxyapatite Coating on Titanium Substrate
by Elina Kylmäoja, Faleh Abushahba, Jani Holopainen, Mikko Ritala and Juha Tuukkanen
Molecules 2023, 28(8), 3611; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083611 - 21 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1934
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA; Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) coating of bone implants has many beneficial properties as it improves osseointegration and eventually becomes degraded and replaced with new bone. We prepared HA coating on a titanium substrate with atomic layer [...] Read more.
Hydroxyapatite (HA; Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) coating of bone implants has many beneficial properties as it improves osseointegration and eventually becomes degraded and replaced with new bone. We prepared HA coating on a titanium substrate with atomic layer deposition (ALD) and compared monocyte differentiation and material resorption between ALD-HA and bone. After stimulation with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), human peripheral blood monocytes differentiated into resorbing osteoclasts on bovine bone, but non-resorbing foreign body cells were observed on ALD-HA. The analysis of the topography of ALD-HA and bone showed no differences in wettability (water contact angle on ALD-HA 86.2° vs. 86.7° on the bone), but the surface roughness of ALD-HA (Ra 0.713 µm) was significantly lower compared to bone (Ra 2.30 µm). The cellular reaction observed on ALD-HA might be a consequence of the topographical properties of the coating. The absence of resorptive osteoclasts on ALD-HA might indicate inhibition of their differentiation or the need to modify the coating to induce osteoclast differentiation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials Based on Calcium Phosphates and Their Modifications)
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