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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Role of Microbiome in Lung Health
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Role of Microbiome in Lung Health

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 10829

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Charitharth Vivek Lal

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Pulmonary Microbiome Lab, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233-1771, USA
Interests: probiotics; microbiome; lung health

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The microbiome has been associated with the establishment of pulmonary homeostasis. This is an emerging field of research in the scientific community, as dysbiosis in lung microbiota has been reported in most chronic lung diseases.

This Special Issue aims discuss how the microbiota modulates lung inflammation or other pathways in lung health. The Special Issue aims to cover future areas of research in pulmonary therapeutics or supplement development, which could include the modulation of the microbiome. Discussions on drug development through live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) or the development of probiotic supplements will also be included in this Special Issue. Original research articles (basic science, translational science or clinical studies) and reviews are welcome.

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Charitharth Vivek Lal
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • probiotics
  • lung probiotics
  • live biotherapeutics products
  • LBPs
  • respiratory
  • microbiome
  • COPD
  • asthma
  • bronchopulmonary dysplasia
  • pulmonary fibrosis
  • pulmonary hypertension
  • cystic fibrosis

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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0 pages, 1354 KiB  
Article
Efficacy of a Probiotic and Herbal Supplement in Models of Lung Inflammation
by Nancy M. Wenger, Luhua Qiao, Teodora Nicola, Zoha Nizami, Xin Xu, Kent A. Willis, Namasivayam Ambalavanan, Amit Gaggar and Charitharth Vivek Lal
Microorganisms 2022, 10(11), 2136; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10112136 - 28 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2154
Abstract
Background: Gut microbiome dysbiosis is associated with lung disease through the gut-lung axis. Abundant proteobacteria increase MMP-9 and contribute to tissue proteolysis followed by neutrophil recruitment, lung tissue injury, and perpetuation of chronic lung disease. We sought to determine if a scientifically formulated [...] Read more.
Background: Gut microbiome dysbiosis is associated with lung disease through the gut-lung axis. Abundant proteobacteria increase MMP-9 and contribute to tissue proteolysis followed by neutrophil recruitment, lung tissue injury, and perpetuation of chronic lung disease. We sought to determine if a scientifically formulated probiotic and herbal supplement could attenuate neutrophilic inflammation and improve lung structure and function in models of lung inflammation. Methods: For in vitro experiments, epithelial cells exposed to proteobacteria were treated with resB—a blend of three probiotic Lactobacillus strains and turmeric, holy basil, and vasaka herbal extracts. For in vivo experimentation, mice exposed to pulmonary proteobacteria-derived lipopolysaccharide were treated by gavage with resB. Results: In vitro, the bacterial and herbal components of resB decreased activity of the MMP-9 pathway. Mice exposed to LPS and pre- and post-treated with resB had decreased neutrophil recruitment and inflammatory biomarkers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, serum, and lung tissue compared to untreated mice. Conclusions: This study describes the mechanisms and efficacy of probiotic and herbal blend in pre-clinical models of lung injury and inflammation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Microbiome in Lung Health)
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Review

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21 pages, 1917 KiB  
Review
Multiomic Investigations into Lung Health and Disease
by Sarah E. Blutt, Cristian Coarfa, Josef Neu and Mohan Pammi
Microorganisms 2023, 11(8), 2116; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11082116 - 19 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1580
Abstract
Diseases of the lung account for more than 5 million deaths worldwide and are a healthcare burden. Improving clinical outcomes, including mortality and quality of life, involves a holistic understanding of the disease, which can be provided by the integration of lung multi-omics [...] Read more.
Diseases of the lung account for more than 5 million deaths worldwide and are a healthcare burden. Improving clinical outcomes, including mortality and quality of life, involves a holistic understanding of the disease, which can be provided by the integration of lung multi-omics data. An enhanced understanding of comprehensive multiomic datasets provides opportunities to leverage those datasets to inform the treatment and prevention of lung diseases by classifying severity, prognostication, and discovery of biomarkers. The main objective of this review is to summarize the use of multiomics investigations in lung disease, including multiomics integration and the use of machine learning computational methods. This review also discusses lung disease models, including animal models, organoids, and single-cell lines, to study multiomics in lung health and disease. We provide examples of lung diseases where multi-omics investigations have provided deeper insight into etiopathogenesis and have resulted in improved preventative and therapeutic interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Microbiome in Lung Health)
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10 pages, 559 KiB  
Review
Diagnosis and Management of Pulmonary NTM with a Focus on Mycobacterium avium Complex and Mycobacterium abscessus: Challenges and Prospects
by Christian Hendrix, Myah McCrary, Rong Hou and Getahun Abate
Microorganisms 2023, 11(1), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010047 - 23 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3965
Abstract
Background: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous. NTM can affect different organs and may cause disseminated diseases, but the pulmonary form is the most common form. Pulmonary NTM is commonly seen in patients with underlying diseases. Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the most [...] Read more.
Background: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous. NTM can affect different organs and may cause disseminated diseases, but the pulmonary form is the most common form. Pulmonary NTM is commonly seen in patients with underlying diseases. Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the most common NTM disease and M. abscessus (MAB) is the most challenging to treat. This review is prepared with the following objectives: (a) to evaluate new methods available for the diagnosis of pulmonary MAC or MAB, (b) to assess advances in developing new therapeutics and their impact on treatment of pulmonary MAC or MAB, and (c) to evaluate the prospects of preventive strategies including vaccines against pulmonary MAC or MAB. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE and multiple search terms. The search was restricted to the English language and human studies. The database query resulted in a total of 197 publications. After the title and abstract review, 64 articles were included in this analysis. Results: The guidelines by the American Thoracic Society (ATS), European Respiratory Society (ERS), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), and Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) are widely applicable. The guidelines are based on expert opinion and there may be a need to broaden criteria to include those with underlying lung diseases who may not fulfill some of the criteria as ‘probable cases’ for better follow up and management. Some cases with only one culture-positive sputum sample or suggestive histology without a positive culture may benefit from new methods of confirming NTM infection. Amikacin liposomal inhalation suspension (ALIS), gallium containing compounds and immunotherapies will have potential in the management of pulmonary MAC and MAB. Conclusions: the prevalence of pulmonary NTM is increasing. The efforts to optimize diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary NTM are encouraging. There is still a need to develop new diagnostics and therapeutics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Microbiome in Lung Health)
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12 pages, 755 KiB  
Review
Gut Dysbiosis in Children with Cystic Fibrosis: Development, Features and the Role of Gut–Lung Axis on Disease Progression
by Ilaria Testa, Oliviero Crescenzi and Susanna Esposito
Microorganisms 2023, 11(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010009 - 20 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1685
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disease among Caucasians. Over the last 20 years, culture-independent analysis, including next-generation sequencing, has paired with culture-based microbiology, offering deeper insight into CF lung and gut microbiota. The aim of this review is to [...] Read more.
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disease among Caucasians. Over the last 20 years, culture-independent analysis, including next-generation sequencing, has paired with culture-based microbiology, offering deeper insight into CF lung and gut microbiota. The aim of this review is to analyse the features of gut microbiota in patients with CF and its possible role in the progression of the disease, establishing the basis for a potential role in microbe-based therapies. The literature analysis showed that the gut environment in CF patients has unique features due to the characteristics of the disease, such as decreased bicarbonate secretion, increased luminal viscosity, and an acidic small intestinal environment, which, due to the treatment, includes regular antibiotic use or a high-energy and fat-dense diet. As a result, the gut microbial composition appears altered, with reduced richness and diversity. Moreover, the population of pro-inflammatory bacteria is higher, while immunomodulatory genera, such as Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium, are scarcer. The imbalanced gut microbial population has a potential role in the development of systemic inflammation and may influence clinical outcomes, such as respiratory exacerbations, spirometry results, and overall growth. Although a better understanding of the pathophysiology behind the gut–lung axis is needed, these findings support the rationale for considering gut microbiota manipulation as a possible intervention to regulate the severity and progression of the disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Microbiome in Lung Health)
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